|
|
Changes around Marduk betwee
…
PIA01066
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Changes around Marduk between Voyager, and Galileo's first two orbits |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Detail of changes around Marduk on Jupiter's moon Io as seen by Voyager 1 in 1979 (upper left) and NASA's Galileo spacecraft between June 1996 (lower left) and September 1996 (upper and lower right). The new dark red linear feature extending southeast from Marduk is about 250 kilometers long and may be a volcanic fissure. The flow-like feature at the bottom of the images is distinct in the Voyager data, indistinct in the June Galileo data, but distinct again in the September Galileo data. This may be due to the different lighting conditions rather than volcanic activity. The Voyager 1 image uses the green, blue, and violet filters. The upper right September 1996 image from Galileo uses the violet and green filters of the solid state imaging system aboard the Galileo spacecraft and a synthetic blue to simulate Voyager colors. The lower June and September, 1996 Galileo images use the imaging system's near-infrared (756 nm), green, and violet filters. North is to the top in all frames. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. JPL is an operating division of California Institute of Technology (Caltech). This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
|
Rotating Earth from Galileo
| Title |
Rotating Earth from Galileo |
| Explanation |
When passing Earth on your way to Jupiter, what should you look for? That question arose for the robotic Galileo spacecraft [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov/ ] that soundlessly coasted past the Solar System's most photographed orb [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap070325.html ] almost two decades ago. The Galileo spacecraft, although originally launched [ http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/lucid/gll_launch.html ] from Earth, coasted past its home world twice in an effort to gain speed [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slingshot_effect ] and shorten the duration of its trip to Jupiter [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap060505.html ]. During Galileo's first Earth flyby in late 1990, it made a majestically silent home movie of our big blue marble rotating by taking images [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/earthmoon-earth.cfm ] almost every minute during a 25-hour period. The above picture [ http://planetary.org/explore/topics/earth/spacecraft.html ] is one frame from this movie -- clicking on this frame will put it in motion [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mov#QuickTime_file_format ] (in many browsers). Visible on Earth [ http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/ ] are vast blue oceans [ http://webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/5.html ], swirling white clouds [ http://sci.odu.edu/sci/scire/05Edition/whitecloud.html ], large golden continents, and even one continent frozen [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap060308.html ] into a white sheet of water-ice. As Galileo passed, it saw a globe that not only rotated but began to recede into the distance. Galileo [ http://history.nasa.gov/sp4231.pdf ] went on to a historic mission [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov/ ] uncovering many secrets and mysteries of Jupiter [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov/discovery.cfm ] over the next 14 years, before performing a final spectacular dive [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap030919.html ] into the Jovian atmosphere [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000429.html ]. |
|
Earth and Moon
This picture of the Earth an
…
4/2/09
| Description |
This picture of the Earth and Moon in a single frame was taken by the Galileo spacecraft from about 3.9 million miles away. Antarctica is visible through clouds (bottom). The Moon's far side is seen, the shadowy indentation in the dawn terminator is the south pole Aitken Basin, one of the largest and oldest lunar impact features. |
| Date |
4/2/09 |
|
Single Globe Galileo Dataset
| Title |
Single Globe Galileo Dataset |
| Completed |
1999-11-10 |
|
Io's Tohil Mons in Different
…
Images taken by NASA's Galil
…
2/26/01
| Date |
2/26/01 |
| Description |
Images taken by NASA's Galileo spacecraft with different angles of sunlight help scientists interpret the three- dimensional shape of structures on Jupiter's moons. This pair shows a mountain named Tohil Mons on the innermost of Jupiter's four large moons, Io. The top image was taken at low resolution and a low Sun angle during Galileo's third orbit, in 1996. Because the Sun is low, topographic features on the mountain can be recognized from the shadows they cast. Labels indicate the peak of the mountain and two volcanic depressions, called paterae. The bottom image was taken on Feb. 22, 2000, at higher resolution and a higher Sun angle. The smallest visible features are about 165 meters (540 feet) across. The topography is almost indistinguishable, but many more details can be discerned. By combining several observations in this manner, Galileo scientists are able to study Io's mountains and to learn about their evolution and their relationship to Io's volcanoes. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. Images and data received from Galileo are posted on the Galileo mission home page at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo . # # # # # |
|
HoloGlobe: Galileo Earth
| Title |
HoloGlobe: Galileo Earth |
| Abstract |
This is one of a series of animations that were produced to be part of the narrated video shown in the HoloGlobe exhibit at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History and the Earth Today exhibit at the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. |
| Completed |
1997-04-30 |
|
Highest Resolution mosaic of
…
PIA01663
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Highest Resolution mosaic of Io |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
This global mosaic shows the highest resolution Galileo images available of Jupiter's moon, Io. North is to the top of the picture. The images, obtained at low sun illumination angles (high sun-target-spacecraft angles)which emphasize topographic shadows, were taken by the Solid State Imaging(SSI) system on NASA's Galileo spacecraft over the course of several orbits. The grid identifies the names and locations of several of Io's main features. Several active but as yet unnamed volcanic features are indicated by arrows. While volcanic centers are rather evenly distributed, almost all of the active plumes and long-lived hot spots seen over the span of NASA's Galileo mission at Jupiter or during the flyby's of NASA's Voyager spacecraft in 1979 are within 30 degrees of the equator. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URLhttp://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov ]. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URLhttp://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo [ http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo ]. |
|
Asteroid Gaspra's Best Face
| Title |
Asteroid Gaspra's Best Face |
| Explanation |
Asteroid 951 Gaspra [ http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/bestgaspra.html ] is a huge rock tumbling in space. Gaspra [ http://www.nineplanets.org/gaspra.html ] became one of the best-studied asteroids [ http://www.solarviews.com/eng/gaspra.htm ] in 1991 when the spacecraft Galileo [ http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/spacecraft.html ] flew by. In the above photograph [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00119 ], subtle color variations have been exaggerated to highlight changes in reflectivity, surface structure and composition. Gaspra [ http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-asteroids.html ] is about 20 kilometers long and orbits the Sun [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap980830.html ] in the main asteroid belt [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020724.html ] between Mars [ http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/ ] and Jupiter [ http://www.nineplanets.org/jupiter.html ]. |
|
Stereo View of Ganymede's Ga
…
PIA00521
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Stereo View of Ganymede's Galileo Region |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Topographic detail is seen in this stereoscopic view of the Galileo Regio region of Jupiter's moon Ganymede. The picture is a computer reconstruction from two images taken by NASA's Galileo spacecraft this summer. One image of the Galileo Regio region was taken June 27, 1996, at a range of 9,515 kilometers (about 5,685 miles) with a resolution of 76 meters. The other was taken September 6, 1996 at a range of 10,220 kilometers (about 6,350 miles) with a resolution of 86 meters. The topographic nature of the deep furrows and impact craters that cover this portion of Ganymede is apparent. The blue-sky horizon is artificial. The Galileo mission is managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the Galileo mission home page on the World Wide Web at http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
|
Galileo's Jupiter Probe
| Title |
Galileo's Jupiter Probe |
| Explanation |
Today, at about 5:00 pm EST, [ http://newproducts.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/countdown/ ] this 750 pound probe from NASA's robot spacecraft Galileo will plummet into Jupiter [ http://ccf.arc.nasa.gov/galileo_probe/htmls/jupiter_the_planet.html ] becoming the first probe [ http://ccf.arc.nasa.gov/galileo_probe/index.html ] to fly through the atmosphere of a gas giant planet. Released by the Galileo orbiter in July of this year, it has been coasting toward its rendezvous with the Solar System's largest planet. The probe will smack Jupiter's atmosphere [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap951206.html ] at over 100,000 mph slowing to less than 1,000 mph in a matter of minutes, experiencing a deceleration of about 230 times the Earth's surface gravity. If all goes well [ http://ccf.arc.nasa.gov/galileo_probe/htmls/probe_mission_events.html ], it will then deploy a parachute and descend, using sophisticated instruments to profile Jupiter's dense outer layers of hydrogen and helium gas. Pictured here before launch, the probe [ http://ccf.arc.nasa.gov/galileo_probe/htmls/probe_spacecraft.html ] descent module (top)is suspended above its deceleration module aeroshell (bottom) prior to being joined. The aeroshell should protect the descent module from the initial shock and heat of entry, which will initially create an intense fireball, over twice as hot as the surface of the Sun. |
|
Earth Rotation from Galileo
…
| Title |
Earth Rotation from Galileo Imagery: 3600 x Real-Time (no rotation) |
| Abstract |
This animation is one in a series created to show an accurate representation of the Earth's rotation at different temporal resolutions. The animation is created from images taken by the Galileo spacecraft during a close pass of the Earth on December 11-12, 1990. The animations range from real-time, in which no rotation can be perceived, to 3600 times real-time, in which both the Earth's rotation and cloud motion can bee seen. The series also includes an animation in which the Earth's rotation has been 'halted' so that cloud motion is easier to see and an animation showing the specific amount of rotation that takes place in three minutes. |
| Completed |
1998-08-23 |
|
Earth Rotation from Galileo
…
| Title |
Earth Rotation from Galileo Imagery: 3-Minute Interval |
| Abstract |
This animation is one in a series created to show an accurate representation of the Earth's rotation at different temporal resolutions. The animation is created from images taken by the Galileo spacecraft during a close pass of the Earth on December 11-12, 1990. The animations range from real-time, in which no rotation can be perceived, to 3600 times real-time, in which both the Earth's rotation and cloud motion can bee seen. The series also includes an animation in which the Earth's rotation has been 'halted' so that cloud motion is easier to see and an animation showing the specific amount of rotation that takes place in three minutes. |
| Completed |
1998-08-23 |
|
Earth Rotation from Galileo
…
| Title |
Earth Rotation from Galileo Imagery: 600 x Real-Time |
| Abstract |
This animation is one in a series created to show an accurate representation of the Earth's rotation at different temporal resolutions. The animation is created from images taken by the Galileo spacecraft during a close pass of the Earth on December 11-12, 1990. The animations range from real-time, in which no rotation can be perceived, to 3600 times real-time, in which both the Earth's rotation and cloud motion can bee seen. The series also includes an animation in which the Earth's rotation has been 'halted' so that cloud motion is easier to see and an animation showing the specific amount of rotation that takes place in three minutes. |
| Completed |
1998-08-23 |
|
Galileo Regio Mosaic - Galil
…
PIA00492
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Galileo Regio Mosaic - Galileo over Voyager Data |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
A mosaic of four Galileo images of the Galileo Regio region on Ganymede (Latitude 18 N, Longitude: 149 W) is shown overlayed on the data obtained by the Voyager 2 spacecraft in 1979. North is to the top of the picture, and the sun illuminates the surface from the lower left, about 58 degrees above the horizon. The smallest features that can be discerned are about 80 meters (262 feet) in size in the Galileo images. These Galileo images show fine details of the dark terrain that makes up about half of the surface of the planet-sized moon. Ancient impact craters of various sizes and states of degradation testify to the great age of the terrain, dating back several billion years. The images reveal distinctive variations in albedo from the brighter rims, knobs, and furrow walls to a possible accumulation of dark material on the lower slopes, and crater floors. High photometric activity (large light contrast at high spatial frequencies) of this ice-rich surface was such that the Galileo camera's hardware data compressor was pushed into truncating lines. The north-south running gap between the left and right halves of the mosaic is a result of line truncation from the normal 800 samples per line to about 540. The images were taken on 27 June, 1996 Universal Time at a range of 7,580 kilometers (4,738 miles) through the clear filter of the Galileo spacecraft's imaging system. Launched in October 1989, Galileo entered orbit around Jupiter on December 7, 1995. The spacecraft's mission is to conduct detailed studies of the giant planet, its largest moons and the Jovian magnetic environment. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
|
Galilean Moon Interiors
This artist's concept shows
…
6/4/98
| Date |
6/4/98 |
| Description |
This artist's concept shows cross-sections of the four largest moons of Jupiter, with the interior structures based on the latest information sent back by NASA's Galileo spacecraft. The moons depicted are (clockwise from bottom right) Callisto, Ganymede, Io and Europa. Scientists have modified their concept of Callisto's interior, based on the most recent Galileo findings. Whereas previously they believed that Callisto was completely undifferentiated, with a uniform mixture of rock and ice, scientists now say the interior has some separation of the ice and rock, but not nearly as much as the other three moons. Galileo data indicate that Ganymede is separated into a metallic core, rock mantle, and ice-rich outer shell, while Io has a metallic core and rock mantle, but no ice. Galileo data has also helped scientists refine their model of Europa's structure. They believe Europa has a metallic core surrounded by a rock mantle and a water ice-liquid outer shell. The core may be up to half the size of Europa's radius, with the water ice-liquid shell estimated to be between 80 to 170 kilometers thick (50 to 106 miles), with 100 kilometers (62 miles) considered the most likely thickness. Information on the interior structure of the four moons was obtained by studying radio Doppler data that is gathered when Galileo flies by the satellites. Each moon exerts a gravitational tug, but the tug's strength is determined by how much rock is contained within the moon (the higher the rock content, the stronger the tug). The tug changes the spacecraft's speed and the radio frequency of its signals. Scientists study those changes to determine the rock content and structure of the moon. This material was presented to the American Astronomical Society meeting in San Diego, CA on June 4, 1998. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. JPL is a division of California Institute of Technology (Caltech). This image, along with other images and data received from Galileo, is available on the Galileo mission home page at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo . ##### |
|
Parachutes - Galileo Spacecr
…
| Title |
Parachutes - Galileo Spacecraft |
| Full Description |
A parachute for the Galileo spacecraft is tested in a wind tunnel. Galileo consisted of an orbiter and an atmosphere probe that descended into Jupiter's atmosphere on a parachute after being braked by a heat shield. |
| Date |
4/18/1983 |
| NASA Center |
Langley Research Center |
|
Callisto Crater Chain Mosaic
This mosaic of three images
…
2/10/97
| Date |
2/10/97 |
| Description |
This mosaic of three images shows an area within the Valhalla region on Jupiter's moon, Callisto. North is to the top of the mosaic and the Sun illuminates the surface from the left. The smallest details that can be discerned in this picture are knobs and small impact craters about 160 meters (175 yards) across. The mosaic covers an area approximately 45 kilometers (28 miles) across. It shows part of a prominent crater chain located on the northern part of the Valhalla ring structure. Crater chains can form from the impact of material ejected from large impacts (forming secondary chains) or by the impact of a fragmented projectile, perhaps similar to the Shoemaker-Levy 9 cometary impacts into Jupiter in July 1994. It is believed this crater chain was formed by the impact of a fragmented projectile. The images which form this mosaic were obtained by the solid state imaging system aboard NASA's Galileo spacecraft on Nov. 4, 1996 (Universal Time). Launched in October 1989, Galileo entered orbit around Jupiter on December 7, 1995. The spacecraft's mission is to conduct detailed studies of the giant planet, its largest moons and the Jovian magnetic environment. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web Galileo mission home page at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo. ##### |
|
Unusual Volcanic Pyroclastic
…
PIA00711
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Unusual Volcanic Pyroclastic Deposits on Io |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Four views of Euboea Fluctus on Jupiter's moon Io showing changes seen on June 27th, 1996 by the Galileo spacecraft as compared to views seen by the Voyager spacecraft during the 1979 flybys. Clockwise from upper left is a Voyager 1 high resolution image, a Galileo enhanced color image, a Galileo image with simulated Voyager colors, and a Voyager 2 color image. North is to the top of the picture. The Galileo images show new diffuse deposits which have an unusual morphology for plume deposits. A diffuse yellowish deposit with a radius of 285 km extends to the northwest, whereas an intense reddish deposit marks a curving fallout margin to the southeast. This morphology may have resulted from the presence of a topographic obstruction to southeast of the vent. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
|
Three Surface Changes on Io
PIA00714
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Three Surface Changes on Io |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Two views of three areas on Jupiter's moon Io showing changes seen on June 27th, 1996 by the Galileo spacecraft as compared to views seen by the Voyager spacecraft during the 1979 flybys. Galileo images are on the right, Voyager 2 images are on the left. North is to the top. At top (latitude +33, longitude 20) is a new volcanic feature consisting of a dark spot, perhaps a caldera floor, surrounded by a diffuse circular ring of reddish material, perhaps a plume deposit. The region in the middle corresponds to a hotspot observed by Earth-based observers on June 2nd, 1996. The Galileo image reveals new dark features, perhaps lava flows, within a field of lava flows (latitude +13, longitude 359). At bottom is the region near Sengen Patera (lower dark feature in the Voyager image, latitude -32, longitude 305). The dark materials have brightened or have been buried by new bright deposits by the time of the Galileo encounter. Earth-based observations indicated a hotspot in the Sengen Patera region also on June 2, 1996. Images are all 500 km wide. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
|
Detail of Ganymede's Uruk Su
…
PIA00705
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Detail of Ganymede's Uruk Sulcus Region as Viewed by Galileo and Voyager |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
View of the region of Ganymede's Uruk Sulcus placed on a lower resolution Voyager view taken 17 years earlier. North is to the top of the picture and the sun illuminates the surface from almost overhead in the Galileo view. The finest details that can be discerned in the Galileo picture are about 80 meters across. The four boxes outlined in white show the extent of Galileo's initial look at this area. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
|
Pele Comparisons Since 1979
PIA00717
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Pele Comparisons Since 1979 |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
These frames detail the changes around Pele on Jupiter's moon Io, as seen by Voyager 1 (left), Voyager 2 (middle), and Galileo (right). The Voyager frames were taken in 1979 when the two spacecraft flew past Jupiter and it's moon Io. The Galileo view was obtained in June, 1996. Note the changes in the shape of the deposits further from the vent while the radial dark features closer to the vent show little change. The Voyager images use orange, blue, and violet filters. The Galileo image uses the green and violet filters of the Solid State Imaging system aboard the Galileo spacecraft and a synthetic blue. All three images are in a simple cylindrical projection and are approximately 1700 km x 1500 km. North is to the top. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA'is Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
|
Topography of Io (color)
PIA00740
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Topography of Io (color) |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
The images used to create this color composite of Io were acquired by Galileo during its ninth orbit (C9) of Jupiter and are part of a sequence of images designed to map the topography or relief on Io and to monitor changes in the surface color due to volcanic activity. Obtaining images at low illumination angles is like taking a picture from a high altitude around sunrise or sunset. Such lighting conditions emphasize the topography of the volcanic satellite. Several mountains up to a few miles high can be seen in this view, especially near the upper right. Some of these mountains appear to be tilted crustal blocks. Most of the dark spots correspond to active volcanic centers. North is to the top of the picture which merges images obtained with the clear, red, green, and violet filters of the solid state imaging (CCD) system on NASA's Galileo spacecraft. . The resolution is 8.3 kilometers per picture element. The image was taken on June 27, 1997 at a range of 817,000 kilometers by the solid state imaging (CCD) system on NASA's Galileo spacecraft. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. JPL is an operating division of California Institute of Technology (Caltech). This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
|
Lack of visible change aroun
…
PIA01065
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Lack of visible change around active hotspots on Io |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Detail of changes around two hotspots on Jupiter's moon Io as seen by Voyager 1 in April 1979 (left) and NASA's Galileo spacecraft on September 7th, 1996 (middle and right). The right frame was created with images from the Galileo Solid State Imaging system's near-infrared (756 nm), green, and violet filters. For better comparison, the middle frame mimics Voyager colors. The calderas at the top and at the lower right of the images correspond to the locations of hotspots detected by the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer aboard the Galileo spacecraft during its second orbit. There are no significant morphologic changes around these hot calderas, however, the diffuse red deposits, which are simply dark in the Voyager colors, appear to be associated with recent and/or ongoing volcanic activity. The three calderas range in size from approximately 100 kilometers to approximately 150 kilometers in diameter. The caldera in the lower right of each frame is named Malik. North is to the top of all frames. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. JPL is an operating division of California Institute of Technology (Caltech). This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
|
Changes east of Pele between
…
PIA01068
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Changes east of Pele between Galileo's first two orbits |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Detail of changes east of Pele on Jupiter's moon Io as seen by NASA's Galileo spacecraft between June (left) and September (right) 1996. The caldera at the center of the images that changes from bright to dark is approximately 80 kilometers in diameter. Some scientists speculate that this brightness (albedo) change might be due to flooding of the crater floor by lava. The left frame was reprojected and stretched to match the geometry and average colors of the right frame. Before this stretch, the earlier image (left) was significantly redder than the later image (right), this may be due to variations in lighting. Both frames were created with images from the Galileo Solid State Imaging system's near-infrared (756 nm), green, and violet filters. North is to the top of both frames. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. JPL is an operating division of California Institute of Technology (Caltech). This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
|
Galileo Regio's Furrowed Reg
…
| title |
Galileo Regio's Furrowed Region |
| description |
View of the Galileo Regio region on Ganymede showing fine details of the Galileo image fit into the larger scale, but much lower resolution view of the region taken 17 years earlier by Voyager. The broad curved furrow patterns are characteristic of the darker regions of this moon. North is to the top of the picture and the sun illuminates the surface from almost overhead in the Galileo picture. *Image Credit*: NASA |
|
Galileo and Cassini Image: T
…
Two Giant Plumes on Io ,Two
…
3/29/01
| Date |
3/29/01 |
| Description |
Two Giant Plumes on Io ,Two tall volcanic plumes and the rings of red material they have deposited onto surrounding surface areas appear in images taken of Jupiter's moon Io by NASA's Galileo and Cassini spacecraft in late December 2000 and early January 2001. One plume, from the volcano Pele, shoots upward nearly 400 kilometers (250 miles) from the surface near Io's equator. The plume has been active for at least four years and, until now, had been far larger than any other plume seen on Io. The images also show a second plume about the same size, closer to Io's north pole. This plume had never been seen before. It is associated with a fresh eruption from the Tvashtar Catena volcanic area. The observations were made during joint studies of the Jupiter system while Cassini was passing Jupiter on its way to Saturn. Galileo passed closer to Io for higher-resolution images, and Cassini acquired images at ultraviolet wavelengths, better for detecting active volcanic plumes. The Cassini ultraviolet images, upper right, reveal two gigantic, actively erupting plumes of gas and dust. Near the equator, just the top of Pele's plume is visible where it projects into sunlight. None of it would be illuminated if it were less than 240 kilometers (150 miles) high. These images indicate a total height for Pele of 390 kilometers (242 miles). The Cassini image at far right shows a bright spot over Pele's vent. Although the Pele hot spot has a high temperature, silicate lava cannot be hot enough to explain a bright spot in the ultraviolet, so the origin of this bright spot is a mystery, but it may indicate that Pele was unusually active when the picture was taken. Also visible is a plume near Io's north pole. Although 15 active plumes over Io's equatorial regions have been detected in hundreds of images from NASA's Voyager and Galileo spacecraft, this is the first image ever acquired of an active plume over a polar region of Io. The plume projects about 150 kilometers (about 90 miles) over the limb, the edge of the globe. If it were erupting from a point on the limb, it would be only slightly larger than a typical Ionian plume, but the image does not reveal whether the source is actually at the limb or beyond it, out of view. A distinctive feature in Galileo images since 1997 has been a giant red ring of Pele plume deposits about 1,400 kilometers (870 miles) in diameter. The Pele ring is seen again in one of the new Galileo images, lower left. When the new Galileo images were returned this month, scientists were astonished to see a second giant red ring on Io, centered around Tvashtar Catena at 63 degrees north latitude. (To see a comparison from before the ring was deposited, see images PIA-01604 or PIA-02309.) Tvashtar was the site of an active curtain of high-temperature silicate lava imaged by Galileo in November 1999 and February 2000 (image PIA- 02584). The new ring shows that Tvashtar must be the vent for the north polar plume imaged by Cassini from the other side of Io. This means the plume is actually about 385 kilometers (239 miles) high, just like Pele. The uncertainty in estimating the height is about 30 kilometers (19 miles), so the plume could be anywhere from 355 to 415 kilometers (221 to 259 miles) high. If this new plume deposit is just one millimeter (four one- hundredths of an inch) thick, then the eruption produced more ash than the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington. NASA recently approved a third extension of the Galileo mission, including a pass over Io's north pole in August 2001. The spacecraft's trajectory will pass directly over Tvashtar at an altitude of 200 kilometers (124 miles). Will Galileo fly through an active plume? That depends on whether this eruption is long- lived like Pele or brief, and it also depends on how high the plume is next August. Two Pele-sized plumes are inferred to have erupted in 1979 during the four months between Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 flybys, as indicated by new Pele-sized rings in Voyager 2 images. Those eruptions, both from high-latitude locations, were shorter-lived than Pele, but their actual durations are unknown. In May, Galileo will get another, more distant look at Tvashtar. It has been said that Io is the heartbeat of the jovian magnetosphere. The two giant plumes evidenced in these images may have had significant effects on the types, density and distribution of neutral and charged particles in the Jupiter system during the joint observations of the system by Galileo and Cassini from November 2000 to March 2001. These Cassini images were acquired on Jan. 2, 2001, except for the frame at the far right, which was acquired a day earlier. The Galileo images were acquired on Dec. 30 and 31, 2000. Cassini was about 10 million kilometers (6 million miles) from Io, 10 times farther than Galileo. More information about the Cassini and Galileo joint observations of the Jupiter system is available online at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jupiterflyby . Cassini is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Galileo and Cassini missions for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. |
|
Galileo Earth Views (WMS)
| Title |
Galileo Earth Views (WMS) |
| Abstract |
The Galileo spacecraft was launched from the Space Shuttle Atlantis on October 18, 1989 on a six-year trip to Jupiter. On the way, the trajectory of the spacecraft took it past Venus once and Earth twice. Galileo took the Earth images in this animation just after the first flyby of the Earth, on December 11 and 12, 1990. This six-hour sequence of images taken two minutes apart clearly shows how the Earth looks from space and how fast (or slow) the cloud features change when looked at from a distance. The path of the sun can be seen crossing Australia by its reflection in the nearby ocean, and the terminator region between night and day can be seen moving across the Indian Ocean. In the original images, the Earth's rotation is so dominant that cloud movement is hard to see, but these images have been mapped to the Earth is such a way that a viewer can watch just the clouds move in the ocean around Antarctica or across the Austrailian land mass. In this animation, New Zealand can ony be seen as a stationary disturbance under a moving cloud bank. The black area with the sharp boundary to the north and east of Australia is the side of the Earth that could not be seen from Galileo's position. |
| Completed |
2004-08-06 |
|
Arizona-sized Io Eruption
These images of Jupiter's vo
…
11/5/97
| Date |
11/5/97 |
| Description |
These images of Jupiter's volcanic moon, Io, show the results of a dramatic event that occurred on the fiery satellite during a five-month period. The changes, captured by the imaging system on NASA's Galileo spacecraft, occurred between the time Galileo acquired the left frame, during its seventh orbit of Jupiter, and the right frame, during its 10th orbit. A new dark spot, 400 kilometers (249 miles) in diameter, which is roughly the size of Arizona, surrounds a volcanic center named Pillan Patera. Galileo imaged a 120 kilometer (75 mile) high plume erupting from this location during its ninth orbit. Pele, which produced the larger plume deposit southwest of Pillan, also appears different than it did during the seventh orbit, perhaps due to interaction between the two large plumes. Pillan's plume deposits appear dark at all wavelengths. This color differs from the very red color associated with Pele, but is similar to the deposits of Babbar Patera, the dark feature southwest of Pele. Some apparent differences between the images are not caused by changes on Io’s surface, but rather are due to differences in illumination, emission and phase angles. This is particularly apparent at Babbar Patera. North is to the top of the images. The left frame was acquired on April 4th, 1997, while the right frame was taken on Sept. 19th, 1997. The images were obtained at ranges of 563,000 kilometers (350,000 miles) for the left image, and 505,600 kilometers (314,165 miles) for the right. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from mission are posted on the Galileo mission home page at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo . Background information and educational context for the images can be found at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo .the left frame, during its seventh orbit of Jupiter, and the right frame, during its 10th orbit. A new dark spot, 400 kilometers (249 miles) in diameter, which is roughly the size of Arizona, surrounds a volcanic center named Pillan Patera. Galileo imaged a 120 kilometer (75 mile) high plume erupting from this location during its ninth orbit. Pele, which produced the larger plume deposit southwest of Pillan, also appears different than it did during the seventh orbit, perhaps due to interaction between the two large plumes. Pillan's plume deposits appear dark at all wavelengths. This color differs from the very red color associated with Pele, but is similar to the deposits of Babbar Patera, the dark feature southwest of Pele. Some apparent differences between the images are not caused by changes on Io s surface, but rather are due to differences in illumination, emission and phase angles. This is particularly apparent at Babbar Patera. North is to the top of the images. The left frame was acquired on April 4th, 1997, while the right frame was taken on Sept. 19th, 1997. The images were obtained at ranges of 563,000 kilometers (350,000 miles) for the left image, and 505,600 kilometers (314,165 miles) for the right. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from mission are posted on the Galileo mission home page at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo . Background information and educational context for the images can be found at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo . ##### |
|
Eruption at Tvashtar Catena
…
This pair of images taken by
…
2/26/01
| Date |
2/26/01 |
| Description |
This pair of images taken by NASA's Galileo spacecraft captures a dynamic eruption at Tvashtar Catena, a chain of volcanic bowls on Jupiter's moon Io. They show a change in the location of hot lava over a period of a few months in 1999 and early 2000. The image on the left uses data obtained on Nov. 26 and July 3, 1999, at resolutions of 183 meters (600 feet) and 1.3 kilometers (0.8 miles) per pixel, respectively. The red and yellow lava flow itself is an illustration based upon imaging data. The image on the right is a composite using a five-color observation made on Feb. 22, 2000, at 315 meters (1030 feet) per pixel. These are among the most fortuitous observations made by Galileo because this style of volcanism is too unpredictable and short-lived to plan to photograph. Short-lived bursts of volcanic activity on Io had been previously detected from Earth-based observations, but interpreting the style of volcanic activity from those lower- resolution views was highly speculative. These Galileo observations confirm hypotheses that the initial, intense thermal output comes from active lava fountains. Galileo's high-resolution observations of volcanic activity on Io have also confirmed other hypotheses based on earlier, low- resolution data. These include interpretations of slowly spreading lava flows at Prometheus and Amirani and an active lava lake at Pele. These tests of earlier hypotheses increase scientists' confidence in interpreting volcanic activity seen in low-resolution remote sensing data of Earth as well as Io. However, these data are still of insufficient resolution to adequately test the more quantitative models that have been applied to volcanic eruptions on Earth and Io. These images also show other geologic features on Io, such as the scalloped margins of the plateau to the northeast of the active lavas. These margins appear to have formed by sapping, a process usually associated with springs of water. Liquid sulfur dioxide might be the fluid responsible for sapping on Io. A better understanding of sapping on Io will influence how scientists interpret similar features on Mars (where the viability of carbon dioxide or water as the sapping fluid remains controversial). Images and data received from Galileo are posted on the Galileo mission home page at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo . The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. # # # # # |
|
High Latitude "Bright" and "
…
PIA01608
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
High Latitude "Bright" and "Dark" Terrains on Ganymede |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
During Galileo's second orbit, a series of images were obtained within the northern polar cap of Jupiter's moon, Ganymede, across a north-south trending boundary between the grooved terrain of Philae Sulcus and the dark terrain of Galileo Regio. The blurry appearing background of this scene is the best Voyager image of the area, at a resolution of about 1.4 kilometers per picture element. The Voyager data shows that the grooved terrain of Philae Sulcus to the west (left) is bright, and the older terrain of Galileo Regio to the east (right) is dark, however, this brightness difference is not at all apparent in the high resolution Galileo images. Instead, bright and dark patches occur in both Philae Sulcus and in Galileo Regio. The bright patches occur mostly on the north and east facing slopes of craters and ridges [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00496 ], which are expected to be colder, and therefore to collect frost in this high latitude region. The principal way that Ganymede's terrain types can be distinguished in the high resolution Galileo images is by their texture: the "bright" grooved terrain shows north-south trending ridges and grooves, and the ancient "dark" terrain shows a rolling appearance and is more heavily cratered. North is to the top of the picture and the sun illuminates the surface from the lower right. The image, centered at 63 degrees latitude and 168 degrees longitude, covers an area approximately 94 by 64 kilometers. The finest details that can discerned in this picture are about 92 meters across. The images were taken on September 6, 1996 beginning at 18 hours, 52 minutes, 46 seconds Universal Time at a range of 2266 kilometers by the Solid State Imaging (SSI) system on NASA's Galileo spacecraft. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http:// galileo.jpl.nasa.gov [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov ]. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo [ http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo ] |
|
Io's Tupan Caldera in Infrar
…
PIA03601
Jupiter
Near Infrared Mapping Spectr
…
| Title |
Io's Tupan Caldera in Infrared |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Tupan Caldera, a volcanic crater on Jupiter's moon Io, has a relatively cool area, possibly an island, in its center, as indicated by infrared imagery from NASA's Galileo spacecraft. A thermal portrait of Tupan collected by the near-infrared mapping instrument on Galileo during an Oct. 16, 2001 flyby is presented on the right, beside a visible-light image from Galileo's camera for geographical context. The infrared image uses false color to indicate intensity of glowing at a wavelength of 4.7 microns. Reds and yellows indicate hotter regions, blues are cold. The hottest areas correspond to the dark portions in the visible-light image and are probably hot lavas. The central region in the crater may be an island or a topographically high region. Parts of it are cold enough for sulfur-dioxide to condense. Tupan, an active volcano on Io since at least 1996, was named for the Brazilian native god of thunder. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. Additional information about Galileo and its discoveries is available on the Galileo mission home page at http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov ]. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/io.cfm [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/io.cfm ]. |
|
Scale Comparison of the Inne
…
PIA01625
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Scale Comparison of the Inner Small Satellites of Jupiter |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
These are the best images of the small inner satellites of Jupiter taken by the solid state imaging (SSI) system on NASA's Galileo spacecraft. From left to right and in order of decreasing distance to Jupiter are Thebe, Amalthea, Adrastea, and Metis, shown at the same scale as Long Island which is 190 kilometers long. Since these satellites are so small, their surface gravities are very low: a person weighing 150 pounds on Earth would weigh about 1 pound on Amalthea, and about an ounce on Adrastea. Large craters 35 to 90 kilometers (20 to 55 miles) across which are the result of impacts by fragments asteroid and comet debris are conspicuous on the surface of the larger satellites. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov ]. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo [ http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo ] |
|
Key Volcanic Centers on Io
PIA01668
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Key Volcanic Centers on Io |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
These views of the key volcanic centers on Jupiter's moon, Io, merge color data with higher resolution mosaics. They show the color units in relation to surface features, and fine brightness variations such as volcanic flows. The images in frames "a" through "g" are all scaled to the same proportions. Frame "a" is 575 kilometers (356 miles) across. These images show that some of the most colorful and high-contrast regions on Io are associated with the most active volcanoes. They also illustrate that fresh-appearing lava flows are often associated with active plumes(for example at Loki, Prometheus, Culann, Marduk, Volund, Zamama, Maui, and Amirani). It is possible that the plumes result from interaction between the advancing flows and the SO2-rich surface deposits, analogous to the plumes that form when lava flows into a body of water (for example, in Hawaii). North is to the top of the picture. The color has been enhanced. The images were obtained with the green, violet, and 756 micrometer filters of the Solid State Imaging (SSI) system on NASA's Galileo spacecraft. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URLhttp://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov ]. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo [ http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo ]. |
|
NASA Connect - MMOU - Algebr
…
NASA Connect Segment discove
…
4/1/00
| Description |
NASA Connect Segment discovering algebra and how algebra is used in telescopes. Explores Galileo's fifteenth century telescope and the Milkyway Galaxy. |
| Date |
4/1/00 |
|
Ida and Dactyl: Asteroid and
…
| Title |
Ida and Dactyl: Asteroid and Moon |
| Explanation |
This asteroid has a moon [ http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/caption/idadactyl_false.txt ]! The robot spacecraft [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/space-intro.html ] Galileo currently exploring the Jovian system [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap970612.html ], encountered and photographed two asteroids [ http://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/welcome/smb.htm ] during its long journey to Jupiter [ http://www.nineplanets.org/jupiter.html ]. The second asteroid it photographed, Ida [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov/images/ida.html ], was discovered to have a moon which appears as a small dot to the right of Ida in this picture [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020630.html http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov/images/idacolor.html ]. The tiny moon, named Dactyl [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov/images/dactyl.html ], is about one mile across, while the potato shaped Ida measures about 36 miles long and 14 miles wide. Dactyl is the first moon of an asteroid ever discovered. The names Ida and Dactyl [ http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/caption/dactyl.txt ] are based on characters in Greek mythology [ http://www.greekmythology.com/ ]. Other [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap001101.html ] asteroids are now known to have moons [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap991014.html ]. |
|
Galileo Photographs Ganymede
| Title |
Galileo Photographs Ganymede |
| Explanation |
Ganymede's surface is slowly being pulled apart. This photo of Ganymede [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/gany01_gal.txt ] was released earlier today [ http://newproducts.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/ganymede/g1images.html ] by the Galileo team at NASA. The Galileo Spacecraft [ http://newproducts.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/scpics.html ] arrived at Jupiter [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950625.html ] in December 1995. In late June, the spacecraft passed within 10,000 kilometers of Ganymede [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950904.html ]'s icy surface, and took pictures showing complex surface details for the first time. The line-like features in this photo are sunlit ridges rising above Ganymede [ http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/ganymede.html ]'s ice-plains. The circular features are impact craters. Ganymede [ http://bang.lanl.gov/solarsys/ganymede.htm ] is the largest moon of Jupiter [ http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/jupiter.html ] and hence the largest of the four Galilean satellites: Io [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950803.html ], Europa [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950905.html ], Ganymede [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960627.html ], and Callisto [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950906.html ]. |
|
Galileo's End
| title |
Galileo's End |
| description |
An artist's impression of the Galileo orbiter beginning to burn up in Jupiter's atmosphere. Galileo's 14-year mission to explore the Jovian system ended on Sept. 21, 2003 when the spacecraft was deliberately sent into Jupiter's atmosphere. *Image Credit*: NASA |
|
True Color of Jupiter's Grea
…
PIA00708
Sol (our sun)
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
True Color of Jupiter's Great Red Spot |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Roughly true color image of the Great Red Spot of Jupiter as taken by the Galileo imaging system on June 26, 1996. Because the Galileo imaging system's wavelength sensitivities go beyond those of the human eye, this is only an approximation of what a human observer would have seen in place of the Galileo spacecraft. To simulate red as our eyes see it, the near-infrared filter (756 nm) image was used. To simulate blue as our eyes see it, the violet filter (410 nm) image was used. Finally, to simulate green as our eyes see it, a combination of 2/3 violet and 1/3 near-infrared was used. The result is an image that is similar in color to that seen when looking through a telescope at Jupiter with your eye, but allowing detail about 100 times finer to be visible! The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
|
Context of Europa images fro
…
PIA00723
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Context of Europa images from Galileo |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
This global view of Europa shows the location of a four-frame mosaic of images taken by NASA's Galileo spacecraft, set into low-resolution data obtained by the Voyager spacecraft in 1979. Putting new data into its surrounding context is a technique that allows scientists to better understand features observed on planetary surfaces. The Galileo spacecraft obtained these images during its first orbit of Jupiter at a distance of 156,000 km (96,300 miles) on June 27, 1996. The finest details that can discerned in this picture are about 1.6 kilometers (1 mile) across. North is to the top. For details on the Galileo images in this release, click here [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00295 ]. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. |
|
Stereo View of Ganymede's Ga
…
PIA00498
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Stereo View of Ganymede's Galileo Regio |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
New topographic detail is seen in a stereoscopic view of this part of Jupiter's moon Ganymede. The newly processed picture is a computer reconstruction from two images taken by NASA's Galileo spacecraft this summer. One image of the Galileo Regio region was taken June 27, 1996, at a range of 9,515 kilometers (about 5,685 miles) and the other was taken at a range of 10,220 kilometers (about 6,350 miles) on September 6, 1996. The topographic nature of the deep furrows and impact craters that cover this portion of Ganymede is apparent. The blue-sky horizon is artificial. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the Galileo mission home page on the World Wide Web at http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
|
Changes on Io around Maui an
…
PIA01067
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Changes on Io around Maui and Amirani between Voyager 1 and Galileo's second orbit |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Detail of changes on Jupiter's moon Io in the region around Maui and Amirani as seen by the Voyager 1 spacecraft in April 1979 (left frame) and NASA's Galileo spacecraft in September 1996 (right frame). North is to the top of both frames. The dark, north - south running linear feature, Amirani, is approximately 350 km long. Maui is the large circular feature immediately west of the southern end of Amirani. Note the brightening of the west side of Maui and the bright patch on the west side of Amirani. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. JPL is an operating division of California Institute of Technology (Caltech). This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
|
Changes on Io around Volund
…
PIA01071
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Changes on Io around Volund between Voyager 1 and Galileo's second orbit |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Detail of changes on Jupiter's moon Io in the region around Volund as seen by the Voyager 1 spacecraft in April 1979 (left frame) and NASA's Galileo spacecraft in September 1996 (right frame). North is to the top of both frames which are approximately 600 kilometers by 600 kilometers. Note the new linear feature, which may be a volcanic fissure, trending east from the southern end of Volund. Dark diffuse material lies to the west and a ring of bright material which may be SO2- rich plume deposits appears to be centered near the middle of the new linear feature. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. JPL is an operating division of California Institute of Technology (Caltech). This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
|
Galileo's First Image of Ama
…
PIA01072
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Galileo's First Image of Amalthea |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Galileo's first view of Amalthea, a small inner moon of Jupiter, showing the end of the elongated satellite that faces permanently toward the giant planet. North is to the top of the picture and the Sun illuminates the surface from the left. The circular feature that dominates the upper-right portion of the disk is Pan, the largest crater on Amalthea. This crater is about 90 kilometers wide. The bright spot at the south pole is associated with another, slightly smaller crater named Gaea. The Universal Time is 8 hours, 18 minutes, 0 seconds on the 7th of September, 1996. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. JPL is an operating division of California Institute of Technology (Caltech). This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
|
Two Galileo Views of Thebe
PIA01075
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Two Galileo Views of Thebe |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
These two images of the Jovian moon Thebe were taken by Galileo's solid state imaging system in November 1996 and June 1997, respectively. North is approximately up in both cases. Thebe, whose longest dimension is approximately 116 kilometers (72 miles) across, is tidally locked so that the same side of the satellite always points towards Jupiter, similar to how the nearside of our own Moon always points toward Earth. In such a tidally locked state, one side of Thebe always points in the direction in which Thebe moves as it orbits about Jupiter. This is called the "leading side" of the moon and is shown at the left. The image on the right emphasizes the side of Thebe that faces away from Jupiter (the "anti-Jupiter" side). Note that there appear to be at least three or four very large impact craters on the satellite--very large in the sense that each of these craters is roughly comparable in size to the radius of Thebe. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. JPL is an operating division of California Institute of Technology (Caltech). This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
|
Changes on Io between Voyage
…
PIA01070
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Changes on Io between Voyager 1 and Galileo's second orbit around an unnamed vent North of Prometheus |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Detail of changes around a probable vent about 650 kilometers north of Prometheus on Jupiter's moon Io as seen in images obtained by the Voyager 1 spacecraft in April 1979 (left) and the imaging system aboard NASA's Galileo spacecraft on September 7th, 1996 (right). The re-arranging of dark and light radial surface patterns may be a result of plume fallout. North is to the top of both images which are approximately 400 kilometers square. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. JPL is an operating division of California Institute of Technology (Caltech). This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
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Dynamics of Jupiter's Great
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PIA01083
Sol (our sun)
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Dynamics of Jupiter's Great Red Spot in the near-infrared |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Dynamics of Jupiter's Great Red Spot in the NIR filter (756 nm) of the Galileo imaging system. Each of the three frames is a mosaic of six images that have been map-projected to a uniform grid of latitude and longitude. North is at the top. There is a nine-hour separation between the first two frames and seventy minutes between the next two. All of the images were taken on June 26, 1996. The Red Spot is 20,000 km long and has been followed by observers on Earth since the telescope was invented 300 years ago. It is a huge storm made visible by variations in the composition of the cloud particles and the amount of cloud cover. Winds in the outer part of the Red Spot reach 250 mph while the center remains quiescent. These Galileo data will help scientists understand what drives this storm and why it persists for so many years. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. JPL is an operating division of California Institute of Technology (Caltech). This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
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Io's Kanehekili Hemisphere
PIA01220
Jupiter
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Io's Kanehekili Hemisphere |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
This color composite of Io, acquired by Galileo during its ninth orbit (C9) of Jupiter, shows the hemisphere of Io which is centered at longitude 52 degrees. The dark feature just to the lower right of the center of the disk is called Kanehekili. Named after an Hawaiian thunder god, Kanehekili contains two persistent high temperature hot spots and a "new" active volcanic plume. NASA's Voyager spacecraft returned images of nine active plumes during its 1979 flyby of this dynamic satellite. To date, Galileo's plume monitoring observations have shown continued activity at four of those nine plume locations as well as new activity at six other locations. North is to the top of the picture which combines images acquired using violet, green, and near-infrared (756 micrometers) filters. The resolution is 21 kilometers per picture element. The images were taken on June 27, 1997 at a range of 1,033,000 kilometers by the solid state imaging (CCD) system on NASA's Galileo spacecraft. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo |
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The Main Ring of Jupiter (cl
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The ring system of Jupiter w
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1/17/97
| Date |
1/17/97 |
| Description |
The ring system of Jupiter was imaged by the Galileo spacecraft on November 9, 1996. In this image the west ansa of Jupiter's main ring is seen at a resolution of 24 kilometers per pixel. The ring clearly shows radial structure that had only been hinted at in the Voyager images. The plot of the brightness of ring as a function of location, going from the inner-most edge of the image to the outer-most through the thickest part of the ring, shows the "dips" in brightness due to perturbations from satellites. Two small satellites, Adrastea and Metis, which are not seen in this image, orbit through the outer portion of the ansa, their location relative to these radial features will be available after further data analysis. The ring's faint halo is seen to arise in the inner main ring just as it fades. Although most of Jupiter's ring is composed of small grains that should be highly perturbed by the strong Jovian magnetosphere, the ring's brightness drops abruptly at the outer edge. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo ##### |
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This image of Europa, an icy
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1/17/97
| Date |
1/17/97 |
| Description |
This image of Europa, an icy satellite of Jupiter, was obtained from a range of 39028 miles (62089 kilometers) by the Galileo spacecraft during its fourth orbit around Jupiter and its first close pass of Europa. The image spans an area 78 miles by 244 miles (126 km by 393 km), and shows features as small as a mile (1.6 km) across. Sun illumination is from the right, revealing several ridges crossing the scene, plateaus commonly several miles (10 km) across, and patches of smooth, low-lying darker materials. No prominent impact craters are visible, indicating the surface in this location is not geologically ancient. Some ridges have gaps, and subtle textural differences in these areas indicate that missing ridge segments probably were swept away by volcanic flows. The flow deposits are probably composed mainly of water ice, the chief constituent of the surface of Europa. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo ##### |
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This image of Europa, an icy
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1/17/97
| Date |
1/17/97 |
| Description |
This image of Europa, an icy satellite of Jupiter about the size of the Earth's Moon, was obtained from a range of 7415 miles (11933 kilometers) by the Galileo spacecraft during its fourth orbit around Jupiter and its first close pass of Europa. The image spans 30 miles by 57 miles (48 km by 91 km) and shows features as small as 800 feet (240 meters) across. The large circular feature centered in the upper middle of the image is called a macula, and could be the scar of a large meteorite impact. The surface of Europa is composed mostly of water ice, so large impact craters on Europa could look different from large bowl-shaped depressions formed by impact into rock, such as on the Moon. On Europa's icy surface, the original impact crater has been modified into a central zone of rugged topography surrounded by circular fractures which reflect adjustments to stress in the surrounding icy crust. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at URL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/sepo ##### |
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