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Skylab -- February 1974
Scientist-astronaut Edward G …
7/16/08
Description Scientist-astronaut Edward G. Gibson has just exited the Skylab extravehicular activity hatchway. Astronaut Gerald P. Carr, Skylab 4 commander, took this picture during the final Skylab spacewalk that took place on Feb. 3, 1974. Carr was above on the Apollo Telescope Mount when he shot this frame of Gibson. Note Carr's umbilical/tether line extending from inside the space station up toward the camera. Astronaut William R. Pogue, Skylab 4 pilot, remained inside the space station during the spacewalk by Carr and Gibson.
Date 7/16/08
Skylab -- May 1973
Two members of the prime cre …
7/16/08
Description Two members of the prime crew of the first manned Skylab mission assist each other in suiting up in Building 5 at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston during a pre-launch training activity. They are scientist-astronaut Joseph P. Kerwin (left), science pilot, and astronaut Paul J. Weitz, pilot. The third member of the crew was astronaut Charles "Pete" Conrad Jr., commander.
Date 7/16/08
Skylab -- August 1973
On a spacewalk, astronaut Ow …
7/16/08
Description On a spacewalk, astronaut Owen K. Garriott, science pilot, retrieves an imagery experiment from the Apollo Telescope Mount attached to the Skylab in Earth orbit.
Date 7/16/08
Skylab -- August 1973
Astronaut Jack R. Lousma, Sk …
7/16/08
Description Astronaut Jack R. Lousma, Skylab 3 pilot, participates in the Aug. 6, 1973 spacewalk. He and astronaut Owen K. Garriott, science pilot, deployed the twin-pole solar shield to help shade the Orbital Workshop. Note the striking reflection of Earth in Lousma's helmet visor.
Date 7/16/08
Skylab Over Earth
Title Skylab Over Earth
Explanation Skylab [ http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/skylab.html ] was an orbiting laboratory launched by a Saturn V rocket [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950829.html ] in May 1973. Skylab [ http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/images/skylab_images.html ] was visited three times by NASA astronauts who sometimes stayed as long as two and a half months. Many scientific tests were performed on Skylab [ http://www.ssl.msfc.nasa.gov/ssl/pad/solar/skylab.htm ], including astronomical observations in ultraviolet [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#uv ] and X-ray [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#X-ray ] light. Some of these observations yielded valuable information about Comet Kohoutek [ http://www.exploratorium.edu/exploring/space/kohoutek.html ], our Sun [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960916.html ] and about the mysterious X-ray background [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000114.html ] - radiation that comes from all over the sky. Skylab [ http://www.xmission.com/~skylab/skylab.html ] fell back to earth on 11 July 1979.
Skylab -- August 1973
Astronaut Alan L. Bean, Skyl …
7/16/08
Description Astronaut Alan L. Bean, Skylab 3 commander, flies the M509 Astronaut Maneuvering Equipment in the forward dome area of the Orbital Workshop on the space station cluster in Earth orbit. Bean is strapped into the back-mounted, hand-controlled Automatically Stabilized Maneuvering Unit, or ASMU. He is wearing a pressure suit for this run of the M509 experiment, but other ASMU tests are done in shirt sleeves. The dome area where the experiment is conducted is about 22 feet in diameter and 19 feet from top to bottom.
Date 7/16/08
Skylab Concept by George Mue …
Title Skylab Concept by George Mueller
Full Description This is a sketch of Skylab, as drawn by George E. Mueller, NASA associate administrator for Manned Space Flight. This concept drawing was created at a meeting at the Marshall Space Flight Center on August 19, 1966. The image details the station's major elements. In 1970, the station became known as Skylab. Three manned Skylab missions (Skylab 2 in May 1973, Skylab 3 in July 1973, and Skylab 4 in November 1973) were flown on which experiments were conducted in:space science, earth resources, life sciences, space technology, and student projects.
Date 08/19/1966
NASA Center Marshall Space Flight Center
Skylab Prime Astronaut Crews
Name of Image Skylab Prime Astronaut Crews
Date of Image 1972-01-01
Full Description This photograph is a montage of astronaut crews for the three Skylab missions with simple biographical data of each astronaut. The 1st mission was designated as Skylab-2, 2nd mission as Skylab-3, and 3rd mission as Skylab-4. The Skylab-1 mission placed the Skylab Orbital Work Shop in orbit by a modified Saturn V launch vehicle. Skylab's 3 different 3-man crews spent up to 84 days in Earth orbit and performed a variety of more than 100 experiments.
Skylab 4 crew in preflight t …
Title Skylab 4 crew in preflight training at Apollo Telescope Mount mock-up
Description The three members of the prime crew of the third of three scheduled manned Skylab missions (Skylab 4) go through Skylab preflight training in the Mission Training and Simulation Facility at JSC. Astronaut Gerald P. Carr (on right), Skylab 4 commander, is seated at a simulator which represents the control and display console of the Apollo Telescope Mount which is located in the space station's Multiple Docking Adapter. Seated on the left is Scientist-Astronaut Edward G. Gibson, Skylab 4 science pilot. In the left background is Astronaut William R. Pogue, Skylab 4 pilot.
Date 02.01.1973
Skylab 4 crew in preflight t …
Title Skylab 4 crew in preflight training at Apollo Telescope Mount mock-up
Description The three members of the prime crew of the third of three scheduled manned Skylab missions (Skylab 4) go through Skylab preflight training in the Mission Training and Simulation Facility at JSC. Astronaut Gerald P. Carr (on right), Skylab 4 commander, is seated at a simulator which represents the control and display console of the Apollo Telescope Mount which is located in the space station's Multiple Docking Adapter. Seated on the left is Scientist-Astronaut Edward G. Gibson, Skylab 4 science pilot. In the left background is Astronaut William R. Pogue, Skylab 4 pilot.
Date 02.01.1973
Apollo17 - On the Shoulders …
APOLLO 17: ON THE SHOULDERS …
1973
Description APOLLO 17: ON THE SHOULDERS OF GIANTS JSC 603 - (1973) - 28 1/2 Minutes Astronauts: Eugene A. Cernan, Ronald E. Evans, and Harrison H. Schmitt Launch date: December 7, 1972 A documentary view of the Apollo 17 journey to Taurus-Littrow, the final lunar landing mission in the Apollo Program. The film depicts the highlights of the mission and relates the Apollo Program to Skylab, the Apollo-Soyuz linkup, and the Space Shuttle. AWARDS: Chris Bronze Plaque Award, 21st Annual Columbus Film Festival, 1983 * Trophy of the Italian Department of Defense * 1st International Review of Cinema and TV Films on Flight, Milan, Italy, 1974 * Special Prize, 11th International Review of Technical, Scientific, and Educational Films, Pardubice, Czechoslovakia, 1973
Date 1973
Skylab 3 Close-Up
Title Skylab 3 Close-Up
Full Description A closeup view of the Skylab space station photographed against an Earth background from the Skylab 3 Command/Service Module during station keeping maneuvers prior to docking. The Ilba Grande de Gurupa area of the Amazon River Vally of Brazil can be seen below. Aboard the command module were astronauts Alan L. Bean, Owen K. Garriott, and Jack R. Lousma, who remained with the Skylab space station in Earth's orbit for 59 days. This picture was taken with a hand-held 70mm Hasselblad camera using a 100mm lens and SO-368 medium speed Ektachrome film. Note the one solar array system wing on the Orbital Workshop (OWS) which was successfully deployed during axtravehicular activity (EVA) on the first manned Skylab flight. The parasol solar shield which was deployed by the Skylab 2 crew can be seen through the support struts of the Apollo Telescope Mount.
Date 07/28/1973
NASA Center Headquarters
Dummy left behind by Skylab …
Title Dummy left behind by Skylab 3 crew for the Skylab 4 crew
Description This photograph is an illustration of the humorous side of the Skylab 3 crew. This dummy was left behind in the Skylab space station by the Skylab 3 crew to be found by the Skylab 4 crew. The dummy is dressed in a flight suit and placed in the Lower Body Negative Pressure Device. The name tag indicates that it represents Gerald P. Carr, Skylab 4 commander. In the background is a partial view of the dummy for William R. Pogue, Skylab 4 pilot, propped upon the bicycle ergometer (1586), This dummy is dressed in a flight suit and propped upon the bicycle ergometer. The name tag indicates that it represents William R. Pogue, Skylab 4 pilot (1587).
Date Taken 1973-08-16
Skylab Over Earth
Title Skylab Over Earth
Explanation Skylab [ http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/history/skylab/skylab.html ] was an orbiting laboratory launched by a Saturn V rocket [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950829.html ] in May 1973. Skylab [ http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/Images/pretty_pictures_skylab.html ] was visited three times by NASA astronauts who sometimes stayed as long as two and a half months. Many scientific tests were preformed on Skylab, including astronomical observations in ultraviolet [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#uv ] and X-ray [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#X-ray ] light. Some of these observations yielded valuable information about Comet Kohoutek, our Sun [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950813.html ] and about the mysterious X-ray background - radiation that comes from all over the sky. Skylab fell back to earth on 11 July 1979. Tomorrow's picture: X-Raying the Moon
Skylab
Name of Image Skylab
Date of Image 1974-01-01
Full Description This image is an artist's concept of the Skylab in orbit with callouts of its major components. In an early effort to extend the use of Apollo for further applications, NASA established the Apollo Applications Program (AAP) in August of 1965. The AAP was to include long duration Earth orbital missions during which astronauts would carry out scientific, technological, and engineering experiments in space by utilizing modified Saturn launch vehicles and the Apollo spacecraft. Established in 1970, the Skylab Program was the forerurner of the AAP. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The Skylab also conducted 19 selected experiments submitted by high school students. Skylab's 3 different 3-man crews spent up to 84 days in Earth orbit. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) had responsibility for developing and integrating most of the major components of the Skylab: the Orbital Workshop (OWS), Airlock Module (AM), Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), Payload Shroud (PS), and most of the experiments. MSFC was also responsible for providing the Saturn IB launch vehicles for three Apollo spacecraft and crews and a Saturn V launch vehicle for the Skylab.
Skylab Illustration
Name of Image Skylab Illustration
Date of Image 1972-01-01
Full Description This artist's concept is a cutaway illustration of the Skylab with the Command/Service Module being docked to the Multiple Docking Adapter. In an early effort to extend the use of Apollo for further applications, NASA established the Apollo Applications Program (AAP) in August of 1965. The AAP was to include long duration Earth orbital missions during which astronauts would carry out scientific, technological, and engineering experiments in space by utilizing modified Saturn launch vehicles and the Apollo spacecraft. Established in 1970, the Skylab Program was the forerurner of the AAP. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The Skylab also conducted 19 selected experiments submitted by high school students. Skylab's 3 different 3-man crews spent up to 84 days in Earth orbit. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) had responsibility for developing and integrating most of the major components of the Skylab: the Orbital Workshop (OWS), Airlock Module (AM), Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), Payload Shroud (PS), and most of the experiments. MSFC was also responsible for providing the Saturn IB launch vehicles for three Apollo spacecraft and crews and a Saturn V launch vehicle for the Skylab.
General Characteristics of t …
Name of Image General Characteristics of the Skylab
Date of Image 1970-01-01
Full Description This illustration shows general characteristics of the Skylab with callouts of its major components. In an early effort to extend the use of Apollo for further applications, NASA established the Apollo Applications Program (AAP) in August of 1965. The AAP was to include long duration Earth orbital missions during which astronauts would carry out scientific, technological, and engineering experiments in space by utilizing modified Saturn launch vehicles and the Apollo spacecraft. Established in 1970, the Skylab Program was the forerurner of the AAP. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The Skylab also conducted 19 selected experiments submitted by high school students. Skylab's 3 different 3-man crews spent up to 84 days in Earth orbit. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) had responsibility for developing and integrating most of the major components of the Skylab: the Orbital Workshop (OWS), Airlock Module (AM), Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), Payload Shroud (PS), and most of the experiments. MSFC was also responsible for providing the Saturn IB launch vehicles for three Apollo spacecraft and crews and a Saturn V launch vehicle for the Skylab.
Skylab Components in Launch …
Name of Image Skylab Components in Launch Configuration
Date of Image 1969-01-01
Full Description This cutaway drawing illustrates major Skylab components in launch configuration on top of the Saturn V. In an early effort to extend the use of Apollo for further applications, NASA established the Apollo Applications Program (AAP) in August of 1965. The AAP was to include long duration Earth orbital missions during which astronauts would carry out scientific, technological, and engineering experiments in space by utilizing modified Saturn launch vehicles and the Apollo spacecraft. Established in 1970, the Skylab Program was the forerurner of the AAP. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The Skylab also conducted 19 selected experiments submitted by high school students. Skylab's 3 different 3-man crews spent up to 84 days in Earth orbit. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) had responsibility for developing and integrating most of the major components of the Skylab: the Orbital Workshop (OWS), Airlock Module (AM), Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), Payload Shroud (PS), and most of the experiments. MSFC was also responsible for providing the Saturn IB launch vehicles for three Apollo spacecraft and crews and a Saturn V launch vehicle for the Skylab.
Skylab Program Illustration
Name of Image Skylab Program Illustration
Date of Image 1971-01-01
Full Description This image illustrates major areas of emphasis of the Skylab Program. In an early effort to extend the use of Apollo for further applications, NASA established the Apollo Applications Program (AAP) in August of 1965. The AAP was to include long duration Earth orbital missions during which astronauts would carry out scientific, technological, and engineering experiments in space by utilizing modified Saturn launch vehicles and the Apollo spacecraft. Established in 1970, the Skylab Program was the forerurner of the AAP. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The Skylab also conducted 19 selected experiments submitted by high school students. Skylab's 3 different 3-man crews spent up to 84 days in Earth orbit. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) had responsibility for developing and integrating most of the major components of the Skylab: the Orbital Workshop (OWS), Airlock Module (AM), Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), Payload Shroud (PS), and most of the experiments. MSFC was also responsible for providing the Saturn IB launch vehicles for three Apollo spacecraft and crews and a Saturn V launch vehicle for the Skylab.
Skylab
Name of Image Skylab
Date of Image 1974-01-01
Full Description This image is an artist's concept of the Skylab in orbit. In an early effort to extend the use of Apollo for further applications, NASA established the Apollo Applications Program (AAP) in August of 1965. The AAP was to include long duration Earth orbital missions during which astronauts would carry out scientific, technological, and engineering experiments in space by utilizing modified Saturn launch vehicles and the Apollo spacecraft. Established in 1970, the Skylab program was the forerurner of the AAP. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The Skylab also conducted 19 selected experiments submitted by high school students. Skylab's 3 different 3-man crews spent up to 84 days in Earth orbit. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) had responsibility for developing and integrating most of the major components of the Skylab: the Orbital Workshop (OWS), Airlock Module (AM), Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), Payload Shroud (PS), and most of the experiments. MSFC was also responsible for providing the Saturn IB launch vehicles for three Apollo spacecraft and crews and a Saturn V launch vehicle for the Skylab.
Skylab Model
Name of Image Skylab Model
Date of Image 1967-01-01
Full Description This photograph is of a model of the Skylab with the Command/Service Module being docked. In an early effort to extend the use of Apollo for further applications, NASA established the Apollo Applications Program (AAP) in August of 1965. The AAP was to include long duration Earth orbital missions during which astronauts would carry out scientific, technological, and engineering experiments in space by utilizing modified Saturn launch vehicles and the Apollo spacecraft. Established in 1970, the Skylab Program was the forerurner of the AAP. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The Skylab also conducted 19 selected experiments submitted by high school students. Skylab's 3 different 3-man crews spent up to 84 days in Earth orbit. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) had responsibility for developing and integrating most of the major components of the Skylab: the Orbital Workshop (OWS), Airlock Module (AM), Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), Payload Shroud (PS), and most of the experiments. MSFC was also responsible for providing the Saturn IB launch vehicles for three Apollo spacecraft and crews and a Saturn V launch vehicle for the Skylab.
Dummy left behind by Skylab …
Title Dummy left behind by Skylab 3 crew for the Skylab 4 crew
Description This photograph is an illustration of the humorous side of the Skylab 3 crew. This dummy was left behind in the Skylab space station by the Skylab 3 crew to be found by the Skylab 4 crew. The dummy is dressed in a flight suit and placed in the Lower Body Negative Pressure Device. The name tag indicates that it represents Gerald P. Carr, Skylab 4 commander. In the background is a partial view of the dummy for William R. Pogue, Skylab 4 pilot, propped upon the bicycle ergometer (1586), This dummy is dressed in a flight suit and propped upon the bicycle ergometer. The name tag indicates that it represents William R. Pogue, Skylab 4 pilot (1587).
Date Taken 1973-08-16
Skylab 4 crew in preflight t …
Title Skylab 4 crew in preflight training at Apollo Telescope Mount mock-up
Description The three members of the prime crew of the third of three scheduled manned Skylab missions (Skylab 4) go through Skylab preflight training in the Mission Training and Simulation Facility at JSC. Astronaut Gerald P. Carr (on right), Skylab 4 commander, is seated at a simulator which represents the control and display console of the Apollo Telescope Mount which is located in the space station's Multiple Docking Adapter. Seated on the left is Scientist-Astronaut Edward G. Gibson, Skylab 4 science pilot. In the left background is Astronaut William R. Pogue, Skylab 4 pilot.
Date Taken 1973-02-01
Skylab-4 Mission Onboard Pho …
Name of Image Skylab-4 Mission Onboard Photograph - Skylab in Orbit
Date of Image 1974-01-01
Full Description This photograph was taken as the third crew (Skylab-4) departed the space station. The solar observatory was designed for full exposure to the Sun throughout most of the Skylab mission. Solar energy was transformed into electrical power for operation of all spacecraft systems. The proper operation of these solar arrays was vital to the mission. This Skylab in orbit view was taken by the Skylab-4 crew.
Assembling the Skylab Cluste …
Name of Image Assembling the Skylab Cluster
Date of Image 1970-01-01
Full Description Assembling activities of the Skylab cluster are shown in this photograph. The Orbital Workshop (OWS) was lowered for joining to aft skirt and placed over the thrust structure inside the assembly tower. The OWS provided living and working quarters for the Skylab crew and the thruster provided short-term attitude control of the Skylab. The Marshall Space Flight Center had responsibilities for the design and development of the Skylab hardware, and management of experiments.
Skylab Food Heating and Serv …
Name of Image Skylab Food Heating and Serving Tray
Date of Image 1970-01-01
Full Description Shown here is the Skylab food heating and serving tray with food, drink, and utensils. The tray contained heating elements for preparing the individual food packets. The food on Skylab was a great improvement over that on earlier spaceflights. It was no longer necessary to squeeze liquified food from plastic tubes. Skylab's kitchen in the Orbital Workshop wardroom was so equipped that each crewman could select his own menu and prepare it to his own taste. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.
Skylab Over Earth
Title Skylab Over Earth
Explanation Skylab [ http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/history/skylab/skylab.html ] was an orbiting laboratory launched by a Saturn V rocket [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950829.html ] in May 1973. Skylab [ http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/Images/pretty_pictures_skylab.html ] was visited three times by NASA astronauts who sometimes stayed as long as two and a half months. Many scientific tests were performed on Skylab, including astronomical observations in ultraviolet [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#uv ] and X-ray [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#X-ray ] light. Some of these observations yielded valuable information about Comet Kohoutek, our Sun [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950813.html ] and about the mysterious X-ray background - radiation that comes from all over the sky. Skylab fell back to earth on 11 July 1979.
Skylab Astronauts' Neutral B …
Name of Image Skylab Astronauts' Neutral Buoyancy Simulator Training
Date of Image 1970-11-18
Full Description After the end of the Apollo missions, NASA's next adventure into space was the marned spaceflight of Skylab. Using an S-IVB stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle, Skylab was a two-story orbiting laboratory, one floor being living quarters and the other a work room. The objectives of Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. At the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), astronauts and engineers spent hundreds of hours in an MSFC Neutral Buoyancy Simulator (NBS) rehearsing procedures to be used during the Skylab mission, developing techniques, and detecting and correcting potential problems. The NBS was a 40-foot deep water tank that simulated the weightlessness environment of space. This photograph shows astronaut Ed Gibbon (a prime crew member of the Skylab-4 mission) during the neutral buoyancy Skylab extravehicular activity training at the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) mockup. One of Skylab's major components, the ATM was the most powerful astronomical observatory ever put into orbit to date.
Skylab
Name of Image Skylab
Date of Image 1974-02-01
Full Description The idea that ultimately became Skylab first surfaced in 1962 as a proposal to convert a spent Saturn upper stage (Saturn V S-II stage) into an orbital workshop. In 1968, the Marshall Space Flight Center proposed an alternative to the wet workshop concept of refurbishing a space station in orbit. Instead, a fully equipped dry workshop could be launched as a complete unit ready for occupancy. Skylab became the free world's first space station. Launched in May 1973, the Skylab space station was occupied in succession by three teams of three crewmembers. These crews spent 28, 59, and 84 days respectively, orbiting the Earth and performing nearly 300 experiments. This view of Skylab in orbit was taken by the Skylab 4 (the last Skylab mission) crew.
View of Skylab 4 Command/Ser …
Title View of Skylab 4 Command/Service module in docked configuration
Description View of the Skylab 4 Command/Service module in a docked configuration, docked with the Skylab space station in Earth orbit. This picture was taken by Astronaut Gerald P. Carr, Skylab 4 commander, during the final Skylab extravehicular activity which took place on February 3, 1974.
Date Taken 1974-02-03
Emblem for the second manned …
Title Emblem for the second manned Skylab mission, Skylab 3
Description This is the emblem for the second manned Skylab mission. It will be a mission of up to 56 days. The patch symbolizes the main objectives of the flight. The central figure, adapted from one by Leonardo da Vinci, illustrates the proportions of the human form and suggests the many studies of man himself to be conducted in the zero-gravity environment of space. This drawing is superimposed on two hemispheres representing the two additional main areas of research - studies of the Sun and the development of techniques for survey of the Earth's resources. The left hemisphere show the Sun as it will be seen in the red light radiated by hydrogen atoms in the solar atmosphere. The right hemisphere is intended to suggest the studies of Earth resources to be conducted on Skylab. Although the patch denotes this mission as Skylab II, it is actually consided to be the Skylab III mission.
Date Taken 1973-02-01
General Description SL2-02-161 (06/01/73) - Astronaut Charles Conrad Jr., Skylab 2 commander, during an exercise session on the bicycle ergometer in the crew quarters of the Skylab Orbital Workshop (OWS) in the Skylab 2 space station cluster in Earth orbit.
Astronaut Owen Garriott Perf …
Title Astronaut Owen Garriott Performs EVA During Skylab 3
Full Description Scientist-astronaut Owen K. Garriott, Skylab 3 science pilot, is seen performing an extravehicular activity at the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) of the Skylab space station cluster in Earth orbit, photographed with a hand- held 70mm Hasselblad camera. Garriott had just deployed the Skylab Particle Collection S149 Experiment. The experiment is mounted on one of the ATM solar panels. The purpose of the S149 experiment was to collect material from interplanetary dust particles on prepared surfaces suitable for studying their impact phenomena. Earlier during the EVA Garriott assisted astronaut Jack R. Lousma, Skylab 3 pilot, in deploying the twin pole solar shield.
Date 08/06/1973
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
Terry Quist Discusses Skylab …
Name of Image Terry Quist Discusses Skylab Experiment
Date of Image 1972-08-21
Full Description San Antonio, Texas high school student, Terry C. Quist (left), and Dr. Raymond Gause of the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), discuss the student?s experiment to be performed aboard the Skylab the following year. His experiment, ?Earth Orbital Neutron Analysis? required detectors such as the one he is examining in this photo. The detector was to be attached to a water tank in Skylab. Neutrons striking the detectors left traces that were brought out by a chemical etching process after the Skylab mission. Quist?s experiment seeked to record neutron hits, count them, and determine their direction. This information was to help determine the source of neutrons in the solar system. Quist was among 25 winners of a contest in which some 3,500 high school students proposed experiments for the following year?s Skylab mission. The nationwide scientific competition was sponsored by the National Science Teachers Association and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The winning students, along with their parents and sponsor teachers, visited MSFC two months earlier where they met with scientists and engineers, participated in design reviews for their experiments, and toured MSFC facilities. Of the 25 students, 6 did not see their experiments conducted on Skylab because the experiments were not compatible with Skylab hardware and timelines. Of the 19 remaining, 11 experiments required the manufacture of additional equipment. The equipment for the experiments was manufactured at MSFC.
Skylab Program
Name of Image Skylab Program
Date of Image 1971-01-01
Full Description This illustration depicts the Skylab-1 and Skylab-2 mission sequence. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The Skylab also conducted 19 selected experiments submitted by high school students. Skylab's 3 different 3-man crews spent up to 84 days in Earth orbit. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) had responsibility for developing and integrating most of the major components of the Skylab: the Orbital Workshop (OWS), Airlock Module (AM), Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), Payload Shroud (PS), and most of the experiments. MSFC was also responsible for providing the Saturn IB launch vehicles for three Apollo spacecraft and crews and a Saturn V launch vehicle for the Skylab.
Neutron Analysis - Skylab St …
Name of Image Neutron Analysis - Skylab Student Experiment ED-76
Date of Image 1973-01-01
Full Description The rate of neutron flow is commonly referred to as a flux. The measurement of neutron fluxes in Skylab was the subject of a proposal by Terry Quist of San Antonio, Texas. This chart describes Quist's experiment, Neutron Analysis, Skylab student experiment ED-76. These measurements were considered important not only by NASA but also by the scientific community for four reasons. High energy neutrons can be harmful to human tissue if they are present in significant quantities. Fluxes of neutrons can damage film and other sensitive experimental equipment in a marner similar to those produced by x-rays or other radiation. Furthermore, neutron fluxes can be used as a calibration source for other space-oriented particle physics experiments. Finally, neutron fluxes can affect sensitive x-ray and gamma-ray astronomy observations. Quist's objectives were to measure the neutron fluxes present in Skylab and, with the assistance of NASA and other physicists, to attempt determination of their origin as well as their energy range or spectrum. This experiment had stimulated interest in further studies of neutron phenomena in space. In March 1972, NASA and the National Science Teachers Association selected 25 experiment proposals for flight on Skylab. Science advisors from the Marshall Space Flight Center aided and assisted the students in developing the proposals for flight on Skylab.
Skylab Earth Resource Experi …
Name of Image Skylab Earth Resource Experiment Package (EREP) Photograph
Date of Image 1973-06-01
Full Description This EREP color infrared photograph of the Uncompahgre Plateau area of Colorado was taken in June of 1973 by the Earth Terrain Camera (Skylab EREP Experiment S190B) of the Skylab's Multi-spectral Photographic Facility during the Skylab-2 mission. Skylab stereoscopic data provided the best identification of vegetation complexes and delineation of vegetation boundaries, particularly in areas where changes in relief were related to changes in vegetation type (a common occurrence in wild-land vegetation communities).
Ultraviolet Panorama - Skyla …
Name of Image Ultraviolet Panorama - Skylab Experiment S183
Date of Image 1972-01-01
Full Description This photograph describes details of the telescopic camera for ultraviolet star photography for Skylab's Ultraviolet Panorama experiment (S183) placed in the Skylab airlock. The S183 experiment was designed to obtain ultraviolet photographs at three wavelengths of hot stars, clusters of stars, large stellar clouds in the Milky Way, and nuclei of other galaxies. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.
Nuclear Emulsion - Skylab Ex …
Name of Image Nuclear Emulsion - Skylab Experiment S009
Date of Image 1970-09-01
Full Description This photograph shows Skylab's Nuclear Emulsion experiment, a Skylab science facility that was mounted inside the Multiple Docking Adapter used to record the relative abundance of primary, high-energy heavy nuclei outside the Earth's atmosphere. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.
Time and Motion Study - Skyl …
Name of Image Time and Motion Study - Skylab Experiment M151
Date of Image 1970-01-01
Full Description This 1970 photograph shows Skylab's Time and Motion experiment (M151) control unit, a medical study to measure performance differences between tasks undertaken on Earth and the same tasks performed by Skylab crew members in orbit. Data collected from this experiment evaluated crew members' zero-gravity behavior for designs and work programs for future space exploration. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.
Skylab-3 Onboard Photograph …
Name of Image Skylab-3 Onboard Photograph - Skylab in Orbit
Date of Image 1973-01-01
Full Description This striking image of Skylab was photographed by Astronaut Jack Lousma (Skylab-3), as the second crew reached the orbiting laboratory over the delta of the mighty Amazon River. Skylab's solar arrays were exposed directly to the Sun's rays. Solar energy was transformed into electrical power for operation of all spacecraft systems. The proper operation of these solar arrays was vital to the mission.
Skylab-4 Mission Onboard Pho …
Name of Image Skylab-4 Mission Onboard Photograph - Skylab in Orbit
Date of Image 1974-01-01
Full Description This image of Skylab in orbit was taken as the third crew (Skylab-4) departed the space station after 84 days in the orbiting laboratory. A smiling Skylab seemed to wink good-bye for the job well done.
Assembling the Skylab Cluste …
Name of Image Assembling the Skylab Cluster
Date of Image 1971-05-01
Full Description This photograph shows activities during assembly of the Skylab cluster at the Vehicle Assembly/Checkout building. The Saturn V S-IVB stage is shown at left, and right is the Orbital Workshop (OWS) being readied for mating to the thruster. The S-IVB stage was modified to house the OWS, which provided living and working quarters for the Skylab crews. The Marshall Space Flight Center had responsibilities for the design and development of the Skylab hardware, and management of experiments.
Galactic X-Ray Mapping - Sky …
Name of Image Galactic X-Ray Mapping - Skylab Experiment S150
Date of Image 1970-01-01
Full Description This photograph shows Skylab's Galactic X-Ray Mapping facility (S150), an astrophysics and space sciences investigation. An objective of this experiment was to extend the search for the origin of galactic x-rays beyond the sensitivity possible with short flights of small research rockets. This was accomplished by placing a large-area, soft x-ray detector in orbit to collect data for a much longer time. The S150 instrument was not in Skylab but in the instrument unit of the second stage of the Skylab-3 Saturn IB rocket.
Time and Motion Study - Skyl …
Name of Image Time and Motion Study - Skylab Experiment M151
Date of Image 1972-01-01
Full Description This chart details Skylab's Time and Motion experiment (M151), a medical study to measure performance differences between tasks undertaken on Earth and the same tasks performed by Skylab crew members in orbit. Data collected from this experiment evaluated crew members' zero-gravity behavior for designs and work programs for future space exploration. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.
Ultraviolet Panorama - Skyla …
Name of Image Ultraviolet Panorama - Skylab Experiment S183
Date of Image 1970-01-01
Full Description This photograph shows a telescopic camera for ultraviolet star photography for Skylab's Ultraviolet Panorama experiment (S183) placed in the Skylab airlock. The S183 experiment was designed to obtain ultraviolet photographs, at three wavelengths, of hot stars, clusters of stars, large stellar clouds in the Milky Way, and nuclei of other galaxies. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.
Skylab 4 crew in preflight t …
Title Skylab 4 crew in preflight training at Apollo Telescope Mount mock-up
Description The three members of the prime crew of the third of three scheduled manned Skylab missions (Skylab 4) go through Skylab preflight training in the Mission Training and Simulation Facility at JSC. Astronaut Gerald P. Carr (on right), Skylab 4 commander, is seated at a simulator which represents the control and display console of the Apollo Telescope Mount which is located in the space station's Multiple Docking Adapter. Seated on the left is Scientist-Astronaut Edward G. Gibson, Skylab 4 science pilot. In the left background is Astronaut William R. Pogue, Skylab 4 pilot.
Date Taken 1973-02-01
Skylab Over Earth
Title Skylab Over Earth
Explanation Skylab [ http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/skylab/skylab.htm ] was an orbiting laboratory launched by a Saturn V rocket [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010525.html ] in May 1973. Skylab [ http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/images/skylab_images.html ], pictured above [ http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001055.html ], was visited three times by NASA astronauts who sometimes stayed as long as two and a half months. Many scientific tests were performed on Skylab [ http://www.ssl.msfc.nasa.gov/ssl/pad/solar/skylab.htm ], including astronomical observations in ultraviolet [ http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/uv.html ] and X-ray [ http://cxpi.spme.monash.edu.au/xray_history.htm ] light. Some of these observations yielded valuable information about Comet Kohoutek [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohoutek ], our Sun [ http://www.nineplanets.org/sol.html ] and about the mysterious X-ray background [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000114.html ] - radiation that comes from all over the sky. Skylab [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab ] fell back to earth on 11 July 1979.
Skylab Solar Shield
Title Skylab Solar Shield
Full Description A sail like sunshade for possible use as a sunscreen for the Skylab Orbital Workshop (OWS) is shown being fabricated in the GE Building across the street from Johnson Space Center, Houston Texas. Three people help the steamstress feed the material through the sewing machine. The three-layered sunshade will be composed of a top layer of aluminized mylar, a middle layer of laminated nylon ripstop, and a bottom layer of thin nylon. Working on the sunshade are from left to right: Dale Gentry, Elizabeth Gauldin, Alyene Baker, and James H. Barnett Jr. Mrs. Baker, a GE employee, operates the double needle Singer sewing machine. Barnett is head of the Crew Equipment Development Section of JSC Crew Systems Division. Mrs. Gauldin is also with the Crew Systems Division. Gentry works for GE. The work shown here is part of the crash program underway to prepare a sunshield for Skylab to replace the orginal shield which was lost when Skylab 1 was launched on May 14, 1973. The improvised solar shield selected to be used will be carried to Earth orbit by the Skylab 2 crewman who will then deploy the reflective parasol to shade part of the OWS from the hot rays of the sun. Loss of the orginal sun shield has caused an overheating problem. in the Orbital Work Shop.
Date 01/01/1973
NASA Center Headquarters
Skylab Station Viewed by Sky …
Title Skylab Station Viewed by Skylab 2 Command Module
Full Description A view of the Skylab 1 space station Orbital Workshop showing the micrometeoroid shield missing. A parasol solar shield was later deployed to shade this exposed area. This picture was taken from the Skylab 2 Command/Service Module during its "fly around" inspection. The Apollo Telescope Mount is in the background. The damaged and partially deployed OWS solar array system wing is at lower right. After an aluminum strapping was cut during the June 7th extravehicular activity, the solar panel fully deployed. The OWS solar panel on the opposite side was completely ripped off during the Skylab 1 launch on May 14th leaving only cables and tubing.
Date 05/25/1973
NASA Center Headquarters
Fletcher Explains Methods to …
Title Fletcher Explains Methods to Repair Skylab I
Full Description On May 23, 1973, Dr. James Fletcher Administrator for NASA, appeared before the United States Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences. Dr. Fletcher explained to the committee what methods would be attempted to repair the damaged Skylab I. He stated that if the planned repairs were successful, that it would be possible to accomplish most of the activities scheduled for the two subsequent Skylab missions, each lasting 56 days.
Date 05/23/1973
NASA Center Headquarters
Web Formation - Skylab Stude …
Name of Image Web Formation - Skylab Student Experiment ED-52
Date of Image 1973-01-01
Full Description This chart describes the Skylab student experiment Web Formation. Judith S. Miles of Lexington High School, Lexington, Massachusetts, proposed a study of the spider's behavior in a weightless environment. The geometrical structure of the web of the orb-weaving spider provides a good measure of the condition of its central nervous system. Since the spider senses its own weight to determine the required thickness of web material and uses both the wind and gravity to initiate construction of its web, the lack of gravitational force in Skylab provided a new and different stimulus to the spider's behavioral response. Two common cross spiders, Arabella and Anita, were used for the experiment aboard the Skylab-3 mission. After initial disoriented attempts, both spiders produced almost Earth-like webs once they had adapted to weightlessness. In March 1972, NASA and the National Science Teachers Association selected 25 experiment proposals for flight on Skylab. Science advisors from the Marshall Space Flight Center aided and assisted the students in developing the proposals for flight on Skylab.
Emblem for the third manned …
Title Emblem for the third manned Skylab mission - Skylab 4
Description This is the emblem for the third manned Skylab mission. It will be a mission of up to 56 days. The symbols in the patch refer to the three major areas of investigation proposed in the mission. The tree represents man's natural environment and relates directly to the Skylab mission objectives of advancing the study of Earth resources. The hydrogen atom, as the basic building block of the universe, represents man's exploration of the physical world, his application of knowledge, and his development of technology. Since the Sun is composed primarily of hydrogen, it is appropriate that the symbol refers to the solar physics mission objectives. The human silhouette represents mankind and the human capacity to direct technology with a wisdom tempered by regard for his natural environment. It also directly relates to the Skylab medical studies of man himself. The rainbow, adopted from the Biblical story of the flood, symbolizes the promise that is offered man. It embraces man and extends to t
Date Taken 1973-02-01
Skylab Earth Resource Experi …
Name of Image Skylab Earth Resource Experiment Package (EREP) Photograph
Date of Image 1973-01-01
Full Description This high-resolution color infrared photograph of the Uncompahgre Plateau area of Colorado was taken by the Multi-spectral Photographic Camera (Skylab EREP Experiment S190A) of the Skylab's Multi-spectral Photographic Facility during the Skylab-3 mission.
X-Ray Spectrographic Telesco …
Name of Image X-Ray Spectrographic Telescope - Skylab Experiment S054
Date of Image 1970-01-01
Full Description This photograph details Skylab's X-Ray Spectrographic Telescope, an Apollo Telescope Mount facility. It was designed to sequentially photograph solar flares and other active regions in x-ray spectrum. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.
Ultraviolet (UV)/X-Ray Solar …
Name of Image Ultraviolet (UV)/X-Ray Solar Photography - Skylab Experiment S020
Date of Image 1970-01-01
Full Description This 1970 photograph shows Skylab's Ultraviolet (UV)/X-Ray Solar Photography instrument, an Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) facility designed to photograph normal and explosive areas in the solar atmosphere in the x-ray and UV spectra. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.
Skylab Orbital Workshop Mock …
Name of Image Skylab Orbital Workshop Mockup at MSFC
Date of Image 1967-09-01
Full Description This September 1967 photograph shows workmen removing a mockup of the Saturn V S-IVB stage that housed the Skylab Orbital Workshop (OWS) from the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), building 4755. The mockup was shipped to McDornell Douglas in Huntington, California for design modifications. NASA used the mockup as an engineering design tool to plan structures, equipment, and experiments for Skylab, an orbiting space laboratory. The MSFC had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments, including the OWS.
Skylab 2 astronauts eat spac …
Title Skylab 2 astronauts eat space food in wardroom of Skylab trainer
Description The three members of the prime crew of the first manned Skylab mission dine on specially prepared Skylab space food in the wardromm of the crew quarters of the Skylab Orbital Workshop (OWS) trainer during Skylab training at the Johnson Space Center. They are, left to right, Scientist-Astronaut Joseph P. Kerwin, science pilot, Astronaut Paul J. Weitz, pilot, and Astronaut Charles Conrad Jr., commander.
Date 03.01.1973
Astronaut Charles Conrad Jr. …
Title Astronaut Charles Conrad Jr. working with control panel in Skylab simulation
Description Astronaut Charles Conrad Jr. is seen working with the control panels of the Skylab Orbital Workshop trainer during Skylab training at the Johnson Space Center.
Date Taken 1973-02-01
Launch of the Skylab 4/Satur …
Title Launch of the Skylab 4/Saturn 1B space vehicle
Description The Skylab 4/Saturn 1B space vehicle is launched from Pad B, Launch Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, at 9:01:23 a.m., Friday, November 16, 1973. Skylab 4 is the third and last of three scheduled manned Skylab missions.
Date Taken 1973-11-16
Astronaut Edward G. Gibson d …
Title Astronaut Edward G. Gibson during EVA on Skylab 4
Description View of Astronaut Edward G. Gibson, Skylab 4 commander, during extravehicular activity (EVA) on the Skylab space station in orbit above the Earth.
Date Taken 1974-02-03
Seamstresses Stitch a Sun-Sh …
Title Seamstresses Stitch a Sun-Shade for Skylab
Full Description Two seamstresses stitch together a sun-shade for the Skylab Orbital Workshop, the first United States Experimental space station in orbit, which lost its thermal protection shield during the launch on May 14, 1973. Without the heat shield, the temperature inside the Orbital Workshop became dangerously high, rendering the workshop uninhabitable and threatening the interior insulation and adhesive to deteriorate. Marshall engineers and scientists worked tirelessly around the clock to develop an emergency repair procedure. The Skylab crew and the repair kits were launched just 11 days after the incident. The crew successfully deployed the twin-pole sail parasol sun-shade during their EVA (Extravehicular Activity) the next day.
Date 5/1/1973
NASA Center Marshall Space Flight Center
Skylab 4 astronauts during a …
Title Skylab 4 astronauts during an "open house" press day in Skylab mock-up
Description These three men make up the crew of the Skylab 4 mission. They are, left to right, Scientist-Astronaut Edward G. Gibson, science pilot, Astronaut Gerald P. Carr, commander, and Astronaut William R. Pogue, pilot. They were photographed and interviewed during an "open house" press day in the realistic atmosphere of Skylab mock-up and trainers in the Mission Simulation and Training facility at the Manned Spacecraft Center.
Date Taken 1972-01-19
Skylab 2 astronauts eat spac …
Title Skylab 2 astronauts eat space food in wardroom of Skylab trainer
Description The three members of the prime crew of the first manned Skylab mission dine on specially prepared Skylab space food in the wardromm of the crew quarters of the Skylab Orbital Workshop (OWS) trainer during Skylab training at the Johnson Space Center. They are, left to right, Scientist-Astronaut Joseph P. Kerwin, science pilot, Astronaut Paul J. Weitz, pilot, and Astronaut Charles Conrad Jr., commander.
Date Taken 1973-03-01
The Skylab Airlock Module
Name of Image The Skylab Airlock Module
Date of Image 1972-01-01
Full Description This artist's concept is a cutaway illustration of the Skylab Airlock Module and its characteristics. The aft end of the Docking Adapter mated to the Airlock Module (AM), and served as the environmental, electrical, and communications control center. The docking adapter also contained the port through which the astronauts exited to perform extravehicular activity. The AM contained a turnel section through which Skylab crewmen could move between the workshop and the forward end of the airlock. It was encircled, for part of its length, at its aft end by the fixed Airlock Shroud (FAS), that had the same diameter as the workshop (22 feet) and was attached to the workshop's forward end. High pressure containers for oxygen and nitrogen providing Skylab's atmosphere, were mounted in the annular space between the outside of the tunnel and the inside of the shroud. The forward end of the FAS was the base on which the tubular structure supporting the solar observatory was mounted. Many of the supplies, and most of the control systems for Skylab were located in the AM, this module could well be the "utility center" of the Skylab cluster. McDonnell Douglas fabricated the module with close Marshall Space Flight Center's involvement in design, development, and test activities.
Terry Quist Discusses Skylab …
Name of Image Terry Quist Discusses Skylab Experiment With NASA Personnel
Date of Image 1972-08-21
Full Description Terry C. Quist (center), high school student from San Antonio, Texas, discusses his proposed Skylab experiment with Marshall Space Flight Center?s (MSFC) Henry Floyd (left), coordinator of the Skylab Student Experiment Project, and DR. Raymond Gause, scientific advisor to Quist. The student?s experiment, ?Earth Orbital Neutron Analysis?, was aimed at learning more about the source of neutrons in the solar system by seeking the number and direction from which each comes. Quist was among the 25 winners of a contest in which some 3,500 high school students proposed experiments for the following year?s Skylab mission. Of the 25 students, 6 did not see their experiments conducted on Skylab because the experiments were not compatible with Skylab hardware and timelines. Of the 19 remaining, 11 experiments required the manufacture of equipment, such as Quist?s experiment, which required detector hardware.
Capillary Study - Skylab Stu …
Name of Image Capillary Study - Skylab Student Experiment ED-72
Date of Image 1973-01-01
Full Description This chart describes the Skylab student experiment ED-72, Capillary Study, proposed by Roger G. Johnson of St. Paul, Mirnesota. Johnson theorized that capillary rise might continue to infinity in Skylab's zero-gravity environment. The behavior of fluids, particularly their flow properties in a low-gravity environment, had been important from the time that Robert H. Goddard launched his liquid-fueled rockets in the 1920's to the more sophisticated space systems of the day. It was necessary to design fluid-flow systems that would not only overcome the lack of gravity but also overcome, or take advantage of, the effect of surface tension. In March 1972, NASA and the National Science Teachers Association selected 25 experiment proposals for flight on Skylab. Science advisors from the Marshall Space Flight Center aided and assisted the students in developing the proposals for flight on Skylab.
Atmospheric Absorption of He …
Name of Image Atmospheric Absorption of Heat - Skylab Student Experiment ED-11
Date of Image 1973-01-01
Full Description This chart describes the Skylab student experiment, Atmospheric Absorption of Heat, proposed by Joe B. Zmolek of Oshkosh, Wisconsin. This experiment utilized Skylab's Earth Resources Experiment spectrometers to determine the attenuation of radiant energy in the visible and near-infrared spectrums for both densely and sparsely populated areas. In March 1972, NASA and the National Science Teachers Association selected 25 experiment proposals for flight on Skylab. Science advisors from the Marshall Space Flight Center aided and assisted the students in developing the proposals for flight on Skylab.
Wirners of the Skylab Studen …
Name of Image Wirners of the Skylab Student Program at Marshall Space Flight Center
Date of Image 1972-05-01
Full Description One of the most successful of the Skylab educational efforts was the Skylab Student Project. This was a nationwide contest in which secondary school students submitted proposals for experiments to fly on Skylab. After the official announcement of this project, over 4,000 students responded with 3,409 proposals from which 25 winners were selected. In the subsequent evaluation of these 25 proposed experiments in terms of their suitability for flight, the Marshall Space Flight Center, the lead center for Skylab, selected 19. This photograph is a group shot of the 25 winners in the Skylab student program when they met for the first time at the Marshall Space Flight Center in May 1972.
Motor Sensory Performance - …
Name of Image Motor Sensory Performance - Skylab Student Experiment ED-41
Date of Image 1973-01-01
Full Description This chart describes the Skylab student experiment Motor Sensory Performance, proposed by Kathy L. Jackson of Houston, Texas. Her proposal was a very simple but effective test to measure the potential degradation of man's motor-sensory skills while weightless. Without knowing whether or not man can retain a high level of competency in the performance of various tasks after long exposure to weightlessness, this capability could not be fully known. Skylab, with its long-duration missions, provided an ideal testing situation. The experiment Kathy Jackson proposed was similar in application to the tasks involved in docking one spacecraft to another using manual control. It required one of the greatest tests of the motor-sensory capabilities of man. In March 1972, NASA and the National Science Teachers Association selected 25 experiment proposals for flight on Skylab. Science advisors from the Marshall Space Flight Center aided and assisted the students in developing the proposals for flight on Skylab.
Mass Measurement - Skylab St …
Name of Image Mass Measurement - Skylab Student Experiment ED-74
Date of Image 1973-01-01
Full Description Vincent W. Converse of Rockford, Illinois proposed Skylab's student experiment ED-74, Mass Measurement, to measure mass in a weightless environment. This chart describes Converse's experiment. Mass is the quantity of matter in any object. The gravitational force between an object and the Earth is called weight, which is a result of the Earth's gravity acting upon the object's mass. Even though objects in Skylab were apparently weightless, their mass properties were unchanged. Measurement of mass is therefore an acceptable alternative to measurement of weight. The devices used in this experiment provided accurate mass measurements of the astronauts' weights, intakes, and body wastes throughout the missions. In March 1972, NASA and the National Science Teachers Association selected 25 experiment proposals for flight on Skylab. Science advisors from the Marshall Space Flight Center aided and assisted the students in developing the proposals for flight on Skylab.
Ultraviolet (UV) From Pulsar …
Name of Image Ultraviolet (UV) From Pulsars - Skylab Student Experiment ED-26
Date of Image 1973-01-01
Full Description This chart describes the Skylab student experiment Ultraviolet (UV) From Pulsars, proposed by Neal W. Sharnon of Atlanta, Georgia. This experiment was to observe several pulsars with Skylab's UV spectrometer to determine their intensities in that portion of their spectra. A more detailed description of a pulsar's electromagnetic emission profile would be expected to further define means by which its energy is released. Unfortunately, upon examination of the photographic plates containing the data from the experiment, it was found that an alignment error of the spectrometer prevented detection of any of the pulsars. In March 1972, NASA and the National Science Teachers Association selected 25 experiment proposals for flight on Skylab. Science advisors from the Marshall Space Flight Center aided and assisted the students in developing the proposals for flight on Skylab.
The Skylab Airlock Module
Name of Image The Skylab Airlock Module
Date of Image 1971-08-01
Full Description This photograph, taken during the assembly of the Flight Article of the Skylab Airlock Module (AM) at McDornell Douglas in St. Louis, Missouri, shows the truss assembly. The AM enabled crew members to conduct extravehicular activities outside Skylab as required for experiment support. Separated from the Workshop and the Multiple Docking Adapter by doors, the AM could be evacuated for egress or ingress of a space-suited astronaut through a side hatch. Oxygen and nitrogen storage tanks needed for Skylab's life support system were mounted on the external truss work of the AM. Major components in the AM included Skylab's electric power control and distribution station, environmental control system, communication system, and data handling and recording systems. The Marshall Space Flight Center was responsible for the design and development of the Skylab hardware and experiment management.
Carr and Pogue in Skylab
Title Carr and Pogue in Skylab
Full Description Astronaut Gerald P. Carr, Commander for the Skylab 4 mission, jokingly demonstrates weight training in zero-gravity as he balances astronaut William R. Pogue, pilot, upside down on his finger.
Date 02/01/1974
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
Skylab 2 Farewell View from …
Title Skylab 2 Farewell View from the Departing Skylab Command/Service Module
Description This overhead view of the Skylab Space Station was taken from the Departing Skylab Command/Service Module during the Skylab 2's final fly-around inspection. The single solar panel is quite evident as well as the parasol solar shield, rigged to replace the missing micrometeoroid shield. Both the second solar panel and the micrometeoroid shield were torn away during a mishap in the original Skylab 1 liftoff and orbital insertion.
Date Taken 1973-06-22
Skylab 2 Farewell View from …
Title Skylab 2 Farewell View from the Departing Skylab Command/Service Module
Description This overhead view of the Skylab Space Station was taken from the Departing Skylab Command/Service Module during the Skylab 2's final fly-around inspection. The single solar panel is quite evident as well as the parasol solar shield, rigged to replace the missing micrometeoroid shield. Both the second solar panel and the micrometeoroid shield were torn away during a mishap in the original Skylab 1 liftoff and orbital insertion.
Date Taken 1973-06-22
Skylab 2 Farewell View from …
Title Skylab 2 Farewell View from the Departing Skylab Command/Service Module
Description This overhead view of the Skylab Space Station was taken from the Departing Skylab Command/Service Module during the Skylab 2's final fly-around inspection. The single solar panel is quite evident as well as the parasol solar shield, rigged to replace the missing micrometeoroid shield. Both the second solar panel and the micrometeoroid shield were torn away during a mishap in the original Skylab 1 liftoff and orbital insertion.
Date Taken 1973-06-22
View of the Skylab 1 space s …
Title View of the Skylab 1 space station cluster from the Skylab 2 Command Module
Description A close-up view of the Skylab 1 space station cluster can be seen in this reproduction taken from a color television transmission made by a TV camera aboard the Skylab 2 Command Module during its "fly around" inspection of the cluster. Numbers across the top of the picture indicate the Skylab 1 ground elapsed time. Note the missing portion of the micrometeoroid shield on the Orbital Workshop. The shield area was reported to be solid gold by the Skylab 2 crewmen. A cable appears to be wrapped around the damaged OWS solar array system wing. The crewmen reported that the other OWS solar panel was completely gone, with only tubes and wiring sticking out. The Multiple Docking Adapter is in the lower left corner of the picture. A portion of a solar panel on the Apollo Telescope Mount is visible at the bottom and at the left edge.
Date Taken 1973-05-25
Showering on Skylab
Title Showering on Skylab
Full Description A close up view of astronaut Jack R. Lousma, Skylab 3 pilot taking a hot bath in the crew quarters of the Orbital Workshop (OWS) of the Skylab space station cluster in Earth Orbit. This picture was taken with a hand-held 35mm Nikon camera. Astronaut Lousma, Alan Bean and Owen K. Garriott remained within the Skylab space station in orbit for 59 days conducting numerous medical, scientific and technological expierments. In deploying the shower facility the shower curtain is pulled up from the floor and attached to the ceiling. The water comes through a push-button shower head attached to a flexible hose. Water is drawn off by a vacuum system.
Date 07/01/1973
NASA Center Headquarters
Miles Discusses Skylab Exper …
Name of Image Miles Discusses Skylab Experiment With NASA Personnel
Date of Image 1972-08-21
Full Description Lexington, Massachusetts high school student, Judith Miles, discusses her proposed Skylab experiment with engineers and scientists during a design review of the experiment equipment. At left is Ron Pavlue of Kennedy Space Flight Center (KSC), holding a box is Keith Demorest of Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). Right of Miles is Dr. Raymond Gause, also of MSFC, who is Miles? scientific advisor. In her experiment, called the ?Web Formation in Zero Gravity?, spiders were released into a box and their actions recorded to determine how well they adapt to the absence of gravity. Spiders are known to adapt quickly to other changes in the environment but nothing was known of their ability to adapt to weightlessness. At the same time spiders were weaving webs in Earth orbit, similar spiders were spinning webs in identical boxes on Earth under full gravity conditions. Miles was among the 25 winners of a contest in which some 3,500 high school students proposed experiments for the following year?s Skylab mission. Of the 25 students, 6 did not see their experiments conducted on Skylab because the experiments were not compatible with Skylab hardware and timelines. Of the 19 remaining, 11 experiments required the manufacture of equipment.
Robert Staehle Discusses Sky …
Name of Image Robert Staehle Discusses Skylab Experiment With NASA Personnel
Date of Image 1972-08-21
Full Description Robert L. Staehle (center), high school student from Harley School, Rochester New York, talks with Steven Hall (advisor to Staehle) and Henry Floyd, both of the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) about his experiment ?Behavior of Bacteria and Bacterial Spores in the Skylab Space Environment?. He was one of the 25 winners of a contest in which some 3,500 high school students proposed experiments for the following year?s Skylab mission. Of the 25 students, 6 did not see their experiments conducted on Skylab because the experiments were not compatible with Skylab hardware and timelines. Of the 19 remaining, 11 experiments required the manufacture of equipment.
Launch of the Skylab-2
Name of Image Launch of the Skylab-2
Date of Image 1973-05-25
Full Description This is an image of the Saturn IB vehicle that lifted off on May 25, 1973, carrying the crew of the Skylab-2 (SL-2) mission. The Saturn IV launch vehicle was used to carry a crew of three astronauts to the Skylab. The SL-2 mission launched the first crew to the Skylab, astronauts Charles "Pete" Conrad, Joseph Kerwin and Paul Weitz. This crew made urgent repair work on the damaged Skylab to make it operational and habitable. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The duration of this mission was 28 days.
Saturn IB SA-206 (Skylab 2) …
Name of Image Saturn IB SA-206 (Skylab 2) Launch
Date of Image 1973-05-01
Full Description SA-206 lifts off from Kennedy Space Center's launch complex 39B, in Florida, on May 25, 1973, for the first manned Skylab mission (SL-2) with astronauts Pete Conrad, Joseph Kerwin, and Paul Weitz. The Saturn IB, developed under the direction of the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), launched five manned Earth-orbital missions between 1968 and 1975: Apollo 7, Skylab 2, Skylab 3, Skylab 4, and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP).
Web Formation - Skylab Stude …
Name of Image Web Formation - Skylab Student Experiment ED-52
Date of Image 1973-01-01
Full Description Judith S. Miles of Lexington High School, Lexington, Massachusetts, proposed skylab student experiment ED-52, Web Formation. This experiment was a study of a spider's behavior in a weightless environment. The geometrical structure of the web of the orb-weaving spider provides a good measure of the condition of its central nervous system. Since the spider senses its own weight to determine the required thickness of web material and uses both the wind and gravity to initiate construction of its web, the lack of gravitational force in Skylab provided a new and different stimulus to the spider's behavioral response. Two common cross spiders, Arabella and Anita, were used for the experiment aboard the Skylab-3 mission. After initial disoriented attempts, both spiders produced almost Earth-like webs once they had adapted to weightlessness. This photograph is of Arabella, a cross spider, in her initial attempt at spirning a web. This picture was taken by the crew of the Skylab 3 mission before Arabella adapted to her new environment.
Skylab Earth Resource Experi …
Name of Image Skylab Earth Resource Experiment Package (EREP) Photograph
Date of Image 1973-06-01
Full Description This EREP color photograph of the Uncompahgre Plateau area of Colorado was taken in June of 1973 by the Skylab Multi-spectral Photographic Camera (Skylab EREP Experiment S190A) of the Multi-spectral Photographic Facility during the Skylab-2 Mission.
Particle Collection - Skylab …
Name of Image Particle Collection - Skylab Experiment S149
Date of Image 1970-01-01
Full Description This chart describes Skylab's Particle Collection device, a scientific experiment designed to study micro-meteoroid particles in near-Earth space and determine their abundance, mass distribution, composition, and erosive effects. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.
White Light Coronagraph - Sk …
Name of Image White Light Coronagraph - Skylab Experiment S052
Date of Image 1970-01-01
Full Description This 1970 photograph shows the flight unit for Skylab's White Light Coronagraph, an Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) facility that photographed the solar corona in the visible light spectrum. A TV camera in the instrument provided real-time pictures of the occulted Sun to the astronauts at the control console and also transmitted the images to the ground. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.
Ultraviolet (UV) Polychromat …
Name of Image Ultraviolet (UV) Polychromator Spectroheliometer - Skylab Experiment S055A
Date of Image 1970-01-01
Full Description This 1970 photograph shows the flight unit for Skylab's Ultraviolet (UV) Scarning Polychromator Spectroheliometer, an Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) facility. It was designed to observe temporal changes in UV radiation emitted by the Sun's chromosphere and lower corona. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.
Ultraviolet (UV) Stellar Ast …
Name of Image Ultraviolet (UV) Stellar Astronomy - Skylab Experiment S019
Date of Image 1970-01-01
Full Description This 1970 photograph shows Skylab's Ultraviolet (UV) Stellar Astronomy experiment, a scientific airlock-based facility/experiment that would study UV spectra of early-type stars and galaxies. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.
Ultraviolet (UV) Airglow Hor …
Name of Image Ultraviolet (UV) Airglow Horizon Photography - Skylab Experiment S063
Date of Image 1970-01-01
Full Description This 1970 photograph shows Skylab's Ultraviolet (UV) Airglow Horizon Photography experiment. It was an astrophysics investigation designed to photograph the twilight airflow and Earth's ozone layer simultaneously in visible and UV wavelengths. These observations provided information on oxygen, nitrogen, and ozone layers in the Earth's atmosphere, and on their variation during night and day cycles. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.
Sleep Monitoring Experiment …
Name of Image Sleep Monitoring Experiment - Skylab Experiment M133
Date of Image 1970-01-01
Full Description This 1970 photograph shows equipment for the Skylab's Sleep Monitoring Experiment (M133), a medical evaluation designed to objectively determine the amount and quality of crewmembers' inflight sleep. The experiment monitored and recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) and electrooculographic (EOG) activity during astronauts' sleep periods. One of the astronauts was selected for this experiment and wore a fitted cap during his sleep periods. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.
Skylab Multiple Docking Adap …
Name of Image Skylab Multiple Docking Adapter - Internal Aft View
Date of Image 1972-09-01
Full Description The Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), designed and constructed under the direction of the Marshall Space Flight Center, was one of four principal sections comprising Skylab. The MDA provided the means by which the Command and Service Modules attached to the Skylab, enabling the crews to enter and work in it. Also included in the MDA was a control and display console for the Apollo Telescope Mount. This image shows an interior view of the MDA.
Skylab-4 Mission Onboard Pho …
Name of Image Skylab-4 Mission Onboard Photograph - Meal Time
Date of Image 1973-11-01
Full Description This Skylab-4 mission onboard photograph shows Astronaut Ed Gibson getting ready to prepare his meal in the crew wardroom. The tray contained heating elements for preparing the individual food packets. The food on Skylab was a great improvement over that on earlier spaceflights. It was no longer necessary to squeeze liquified food from plastic tubes. Skylab's kitchen was so equipped that each crewman could select his own menu and prepare it to his own taste.
Particle Collections - Skyla …
Name of Image Particle Collections - Skylab Experiment S149
Date of Image 1970-01-01
Full Description This photograph shows Skylab's Particle Collection device, a scientific experiment designed to study micro-meteoroid particles in near-Earth space and determine their abundance, mass distribution, composition, and erosive effects. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.
Ultraviolet (UV) Scarning Po …
Name of Image Ultraviolet (UV) Scarning Polychromator Spectroheliometer - Skylab Experiment S055A
Date of Image 1973-01-01
Full Description This chart describes scientific parameters of the Skylab Ultraviolet (UV) Scanning Polychromator Spectroheliometer, one the eight Apollo Telescope Mount facilities. It was designed to observe and provide temporal changes in UV radiation emitted by the Sun's chromosphere and lower corona. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of skylab hardware and experiments.
Ultraviolet Stellar Astronom …
Name of Image Ultraviolet Stellar Astronomy - Skylab Experiment S019
Date of Image 1970-01-01
Full Description This chart provides information about Skylab's Ultraviolet (UV) Stellar Astronomy experiment (SO19), a scientific airlock-based facility/experiment that would study UV spectra of early-type stars and galaxies. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.
Milky Way Scarned by Skylab …
Name of Image Milky Way Scarned by Skylab Experiment S150
Date of Image 1970-01-01
Full Description This image shows the Milky Way as seen from the solar system. The shaded regions are those scanned by the Skylab experiment Galactic X-Ray Mapping (S150). The galactic center is approximately at the center of the map. The three overlapping rectangles illustrate the fields of view of the three collimators in one instant of time. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.
Astronaut Maneuvering Equipm …
Name of Image Astronaut Maneuvering Equipment - Skylab Experiment M509
Date of Image 1972-01-01
Full Description This chart provides details of Skylab's Astronaut Maneuvering Equipment experiment (M509), an operational study to evaluate and conduct an in-orbit verification of the utility of various maneuvering techniques to assist astronauts in performing tasks which are representative of future extravehicular activity (EVA) requirements. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.
Material Processing Facility …
Name of Image Material Processing Facility - Skylab Experiment M512
Date of Image 1972-01-01
Full Description This chart details Skylab's Materials Processing Facility experiment (M512). This facility, located in the Multiple Docking Adapter, was developed for Skylab and accommodated 14 different experiments that were carried out during the three marned missions. The abilities to melt and mix without the contaminating effects of containers, to suppress thermal convection and buoyancy in fluids, and to take advantage of electrostatic and magnetic forces and otherwise masked by gravitation opened the way to new knowledge of material properties and processes. This beginning would ultimately lead to the production of valuable new materials for use on Earth.
Arabella
Name of Image Arabella
Date of Image 1973-01-01
Full Description Arabella, a common cross spider, spins an earthly web aboard the second Skylab mission in 1973 after initial disoriented attempts. The experiment, Web Formation in Zero Gravity, part of the Skylab Student Project, was submitted by Judith Miles, a junior at Lexington High School in Lexington, Massachusetts. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments, including the Skylab Student Project.
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