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Uranus
PIA01391
Sol (our sun)
Imaging Science Subsystem - …
Title Uranus
Original Caption Released with Image This is a view of Uranus taken by Voyager 2. This image was taken through three color filters and recombined to produce the color image. JPL manages and controls the Voyager project for NASA's Office of Space Science.
Night side of Titan
PIA01393
Saturn
Imaging Science Subsystem - …
Title Night side of Titan
Original Caption Released with Image Voyager 2 obtained this wide-angle image of the night side of Titan on Aug. 25 at a high phase angle of 154` and a range of 907,000 kilometers (563,000 miles). Green and violet images were combined to make this photograph. The result is a view of the extended atmosphere of this satellite of Saturn, the bright orangish ring being caused by the atmosphere's scattering of the incident sunlight. The bluish outer ring is further evidence of scattering by the submicron size particles that extend several hundred kilometers above the main clouds. This type of photograph is a direct indication of Titan's extensive atmosphere. The Voyager project is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena.
The Saturnian moon Dione
PIA01366
Saturn
Imaging Science Subsystem - …
Title The Saturnian moon Dione
Original Caption Released with Image Many large impact craters are seen in this view of the Saturnian moon Dione taken by NASA's Voyager 1 on Nov. 12, 1980 from a range of about 240,000 kilometers (149,000 miles). Bright radiating patterns probably represent debris rays thrown out of impact craters, other bright areas may be topographic ridges and valleys. Also visible are irregular valleys that represent old fault troughs degraded by impacts. The center of the frame is at 26 degrees south latitude on the Saturn-facing hemisphere. The Voyager Project is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
Jupiter
PIA01353
Sol (our sun)
Imaging Science Subsystem - …
Title Jupiter
Original Caption Released with Image This is a view of Jupiter taken by Voyager 1. This image was taken through three color filters and recombined to produce the color image. This photo was assembled from three black and white negatives by the Image Processing Lab at Jet Propulsion Laboratory. JPL manages and controls the Voyager project for NASA's Office of Space Science.
Jupiter
PIA01324
Sol (our sun)
Imaging Science Subsystem - …
Title Jupiter
Original Caption Released with Image This crescent view of Jupiter was taken by Voyager 1 on March 24, 1979. This image was taken through three color filters and recombined to produce the color image. This photo was assembled from three black and white negatives by the Image Processing Lab at Jet Propulsion Laboratory. JPL manages and controls the Voyager project for NASA's Office of Space Science.
Neptune's Rings
PIA01493
Sol (our sun)
Title Neptune's Rings
Original Caption Released with Image In Neptune's outermost ring, 39,000 miles out, material mysteriously clumps into three arcs. Voyager 2 acquired this image as it encountered Neptune in August of 1989. JPL manages and controls the Voyager project for NASA's Office of Space Science.
Saturn System Montage
PIA01482
Sol (our sun)
Title Saturn System Montage
Original Caption Released with Image This montage of images of the Saturnian system was prepared from an assemblage of images taken by the Voyager 1 spacecraft during its Saturn encounter in November 1980. This artist's view shows Dione in the forefront, Saturn rising behind, Tethys and Mimas fading in the distance to the right, Enceladus and Rhea off Saturn's rings to the left, and Titan in its distant orbit at the top. The Voyager Project is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California.
Uranus' Atmosphere
PIA01489
Sol (our sun)
Title Uranus' Atmosphere
Original Caption Released with Image A latitude-longitude grid superimposed on this Voyager 2 false color image shows that Uranus' atmosphere circulates in the same direction as the planet rotates. JPL manages and controls the Voyager project for NASA's Office of Space Science.
South Polar Region of Io
PIA01485
Jupiter
Title South Polar Region of Io
Original Caption Released with Image The South Polar region of Jupiter's moon Io, seen by Voyager 1 as it passed beneath. JPL manages and controls the Voyager project for NASA's Office of Space Science.
Uranus' Far-flung Rings
PIA01487
Uranus
Title Uranus' Far-flung Rings
Original Caption Released with Image Uranus' rings, photographed by Voyager 2 as it approached the plane of the Uranian ring system. JPL manages and controls the Voyager project for NASA's Office of Space Science.
Uranus' Upper Atmosphere
PIA01488
Sol (our sun)
Title Uranus' Upper Atmosphere
Original Caption Released with Image This computer enhancement of a Voyager 2 image, emphasizes the high-level haze in Uranus' upper atmosphere. Clouds are obscured by the overlying atmosphere. JPL manages and controls the Voyager project for NASA's Office of Space Science.
Saturn's A-Ring
PIA01988
Saturn
Imaging Science Subsystem - …
Title Saturn's A-Ring
Original Caption Released with Image This view of Saturn's A-ring was obtained Aug. 23, when Voyager 2 was about 2.8 million kilometers (1.7 million miles) from the planet. Green, violet and ultraviolet image of the ring, which images were used to compile this is 15,000 km. (9,300 mi.) wide. Of note here are the Cassini Division, in the extreme lower right corner of this image, the Encke Division, the prominent gap in the A-ring, at upper left, and the inner F-ring shepherding satellite (1980S27), near the top of the frame. The Voyager project is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
1989N1
PIA00055
Unknown target/parent relati …
Title 1989N1
Original Caption Released with Image Voyager 2 took this image of Neptune's irregularly - shaped satellite 1989N1 from a range of 870,000 kilometers (540,000 miles. The resolution is 8 kilometers (5 miles) per pixel. The satellite has an average radius of about 200 kilometers (120 miles) and is uniformly dark with an albedo of about 6 percent. The irregular shape suggests that 1989N1 has been cold and rigid throughout its history and subject to significant impact cratering. The Voyager Mission is conducted by JPL for NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications.
Satellite 1989N2
PIA02206
Unknown target/parent relati …
Imaging Science Subsystem - …
Title Satellite 1989N2
Original Caption Released with Image These Voyager 2 images of satellite 1989N2 at a resolution of 4.2 kilometers (2.6 miles) per pixel reveal it to be and irregularly shaped, dark object. The satellite appears to have several craters 30 to 50 kilometers (18.5 to 31 miles) across. The irregular outline suggests that this moon has remained cold and rigid throughout much of its history. It is about 210 by 190 kilometers (130 by 118 miles), about half the size of 1989N1. It has a low albedo surface reflecting about 5 percent of the incident light. The Voyager Mission is conducted by JPL for NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications.
Saturn's F-ring
PIA02272
Sol (our sun)
Imaging Science Subsystem - …
Title Saturn's F-ring
Original Caption Released with Image The three separate components of Saturn's F-ring are seen in this image taken by NASA's Voyager l on Nov. 12, 1980, from a range of 750,000 kilometers (466,000) miles. Two prominent bright strands appear twisted and kinked, while the fainter, innermost third strand largely lacks such non-uniformities. The kinking appearance of the ring may be caused by the gravitational perturbations of two nearby satellites -- S-13 on the outside and S-14 on the inside -- or the effect may be caused by electromagnetic forces upon small F-ring particles. The Voyager project is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
Io 2x2 Mosaic
PIA02294
Jupiter
Title Io 2x2 Mosaic
Original Caption Released with Image Perhaps the most spectacular of all the Voyager photos of Io is this mosaic obtained by Voyager 1 on March 5 at a range of 400,000 kilometers. A great variety of color and albedo is seen on the surface, now thought to be the result of surface deposits of various forms of sulfur and sulfur dioxide. The two great volcanoes Pele and Loki (upper left) are prominent.
Saturn's F ring
PIA02283
Sol (our sun)
Imaging Science Subsystem - …
Title Saturn's F ring
Original Caption Released with Image Saturn's F, or outermost ring was photographed from the un-illuminated face of the rings by Voyager 1 at a range of 750,000 kilometers (470,000 miles). Complex structure is evident, with several components seen. Two narrow, braided, bright rings that trace distinct orbits are evident. Visible is a broader, very diffuse component about 35 kilometers (20 miles) in width. Also seen are "knots," which probably are local clumps of ring material, but may be mini-moons. The Voyager Project is managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA.
Saturn's satellite 1980S1
PIA02284
Sol (our sun)
Imaging Science Subsystem - …
Title Saturn's satellite 1980S1
Original Caption Released with Image Two satellites of Saturn share an orbit 151,400 kilometers (94,075 miles) from the center of the planet. The leading co-orbital satellite, designated 1980S1, is seen in transit across Saturn in this image taken by NASA's Voyager 1 on Nov. 12, 1980, at a range of 611,000 kilometers (379,650 miles). It is ellipsoidal, almost disk-shaped, and rotates with its long axis, 200 kilometers (125 miles) in diameter, pointed at Saturn. The Voyager project is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
Io Caldera
PIA02288
Jupiter
Imaging Science Subsystem - …
Title Io Caldera
Original Caption Released with Image Voyager 1 took this narrow-angle camera image on 5 March 1979 from a distance of 69,000 kilometers. The feature shown is a volcanic caldera which may be actively spewing material into space (dark gray fuzz near the upper-right part of the caldera rim). In addition, very dark lava has flowed out of the fissure and spread on the floor of the caldera. The Voyager Project is managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA's Office of Space Science.
Io Pele plume
PIA02287
Jupiter
Imaging Science Subsystem - …
Title Io Pele plume
Original Caption Released with Image Voyager 1 took this narrow-angle camera image on 5 March 1979 from a distance of 450,000 kilometers. At this geometry, the camera looks straight down through a volcanic plume at one of Io's most active volcanos, Pele. The large heart-shaped feature is the region where Pele's plume falls to the surface. At the center of the "heart" is the small dark fissure that is the source of the eruption. The Voyager Project is managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA's Office of Space Science.
Saturn and its rings
PIA01969
Sol (our sun)
Imaging Science Subsystem - …
Title Saturn and its rings
Original Caption Released with Image Voyager 1 looked back at Saturn on Nov. 16, 1980, four days after the spacecraft flew past the planet, to observe the appearance of Saturn and its rings from this unique perspective. A few of the spokelike ring features discovered by Voyager appear in the rings as bright patches in this image, taken at a distance of 5.3 million kilometers (3.3 million miles) from the planet. Saturn's shadow falls upon the rings, and the bright Saturn crescent is seen through all but the densest portion of the rings. From Saturn, Voyager 1 is on a trajectory taking the spacecraft out of the ecliptic plane, away from the Sun and eventually out of the solar system (by about 1990). Although its mission to Jupiter and Saturn is nearly over (the Saturn encounter ends Dec. 18, 1980), Voyager 1 will be tracked by the Deep Space Network as far as possible in an effort to determine where the influence of the Sun ends and interstellar space begins. Voyager 1's flight path through interstellar space is in the direction of the constellation Ophiuchus. Voyager 2 will reach Saturn on August 25, 1981, and is targeted to encounter Uranus in 1986 and possibly Neptune in 1989. The Voyager project is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California.
Neptune's Great Dark Spot: G …
Title Neptune's Great Dark Spot: Gone But Not Forgotten
Explanation When NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft flew by distant Neptune in August of 1989, astronomers were [ http://vraptor.jpl.nasa.gov/voyager/vgrnep_fs.html ] shocked. Since Neptune [ http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/ photogallery-neptune.html ] receives only 3 percent the sunlight Jupiter does, they expected to find a dormant, dark, frigid planet. Instead, the Voyager images [ http://ic-www.arc.nasa.gov/ic/projects/bayes-group/ Atlas/Voyager/Neptune/by-description/ ] revealed evidence of a dynamic [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010821.html ] and turbulent world. One of the most spectacular discoveries was of the Great Dark Spot [ http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/caption/ darkspot.txt ], shown here in close-up. Surprisingly, it was comparable in size and at the same relative southern latitude as Jupiter's Great Red Spot [ http://heritage.stsci.edu/public/aug5/displayjupgrs.html ], appearing to be a similar rotating storm system. Winds near the spot were measured up to 1500 miles per hour, the strongest recorded on any planet. The Voyager data also revealed that the Great Dark Spot varied significantly in size during the brief flyby. When the Hubble Space Telescope viewed [ http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/95/09.html ] the planet in 1994, the spot had vanished [ http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/gif/Neptune.txt ] -- only to be replaced by another dark spot [ http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/gif/NeptDS.txt ] in the planet's northern hemisphere!
Voyager Views Titan's Haze
Title Voyager Views Titan's Haze
Explanation Launched in 1977, 25 years ago [ http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/science/ planetary.html ] today, the Voyager 1 [ http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/ MasterCatalog?sc=1977-084A ] spacecraft's historic tour of the outer Solar System took it past Saturn in late 1980. On November 12, 1980, Voyager 1 recorded this view [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ PIAGenCatalogPage.pl?PIA01533 ] looking across the edge of Titan [ http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/ nineplanets/titan.html ], Saturn's largest moon, from a distance of about 22,000 kilometers. Seen in false color, the moon's [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap990207.html ] hazy atmosphere [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ PIAGenCatalogPage.pl?PIA02238 ] appears orange with further layers of blue haze suspended above. Titan's mostly nitrogen atmosphere, denser than planet Earth's, also contains methane [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020212.html ] and is thought to be laced with more complex hydrogen and carbon compounds. The composition is likened [ http://www.lifeinuniverse.org/noflash/ Titanstate-06-02-01-01.html ] to Earth's atmosphere before life began. Spotted by Voyager [ http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/science/ saturn_titan.html ], the detached layers of haze hundreds of kilometers above the surface, along with details of Titan's atmospheric chemistry, have intrigued earth-bound researchers [ http://amesnews.arc.nasa.gov/releases/2002/ 02_93AR.html ] who have recently proposed a model that links seasonal variations in the haze, winds, and sunlight. Their model accounts for [ http://skyandtelescope.com/news/current/ article_716_1.asp ] the early Voyager observations as well as subsequent studies [ http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~lemmon/titan/ ]. Further tests of the model are anticipated when the Huygens probe [ http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/cassini/english/spacecraft/ probe.shtml ], carried by the saturn-bound [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap971016.html ] Cassini spacecraft, enters Titan's atmosphere in 2005.
Description Here on the Gallery page you can find the very latest images, videos and products from the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn, including the spectacular launch, spacecraft assembly and the exciting trip to Saturn.
Full Description Voyager 1 looked back at Saturn on November 16, 1980, four days after the spacecraft flew past the planet, to observe Saturn and its rings from this unique perspective. A few of the spoke-like ring features discovered by Voyager appear in the rings as bright patches in this image, taken at a distance of 5.3 million kilometers (3.3 million miles) from the planet. Saturn's shadow falls upon the rings, and the bright Saturn crescent is seen through all but the densest portion of the rings. For higher resolution, click here.
Description Here on the Gallery page you can find the very latest images, videos and products from the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn, including the spectacular launch, spacecraft assembly and the exciting trip to Saturn.
Full Description This computer-enhanced photo of Saturn, taken November 13, 1980, by Voyager 1, shows Saturn's rings and their shadows against the lighted crescent of the planet. The photo was taken from a distance of 1,570,000 kilometers (930,000 miles) beyond the planet. The bright, overexposed limb of Saturn is visible through the rings. The inner or C-ring scatters light in a way that causes it to look bluer that the outer A- and B- rings. Radial spokes in the B-ring, which appeared dark in pictures taken when Voyager 1 was approaching Saturn, can be seen here as bright markings. The thin F-ring displays brightness variations that are caused by non-uniform distribution of material in the ring. (P-23346)
Description Here on the Gallery page you can find the very latest images, videos and products from the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn, including the spectacular launch, spacecraft assembly and the exciting trip to Saturn.
Full Description Voyager 1 looked back at Saturn on November 16, 1980, four days after the spacecraft flew past the planet, to observe Saturn and its rings from this unique perspective. A few of the spoke-like ring features discovered by Voyager appear in the rings as bright patches in this image, taken at a distance of 5.3 million kilometers (3.3 million miles) from the planet. Saturn's shadow falls upon the rings, and the bright Saturn crescent is seen through all but the densest portion of the rings. For higher resolution, click here.
Description Here on the Gallery page you can find the very latest images, videos and products from the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn, including the spectacular launch, spacecraft assembly and the exciting trip to Saturn.
Full Description This image taken by the Voyager 2 spacecraft of Saturn's A-ring shows the thin F-ring bracketed by its two shepherding satellites. Because the inner moon revolves around the planet slightly faster than the outer one, the satellites lap each other every 25 days. This picture was taken August 15, 1981, when Voyager 2 was 10.5 million kilometers (6.6 million miles) from Saturn. At that instant, the shepherds were less than 1,800 km. (1,100 mi.) apart, they passed each other about two hours later. (P-23911)
Rings of Uranus at 1.44 kilo …
Title Rings of Uranus at 1.44 kilometers
Description The outer rings of Uranus are visible in this Voyager 2 image, obtained Jan. 23, 1986, from a distance of 1.44 million kilometers (890,000 miles). The outermost and brightest ring, called epsilon, is visible along with the fainter and narrower delta and gamma rings (from left). This clear-filter, 15-second exposure was shuttered by Voyager's narrow-angle camera. The resolution of this image is about 15 km (9 mi). The epsilon ring is resolved into two bright components separated by a darker lane of material. Voyager scientists believe this is caused by a thinning of the ring material away from the edges of the ring. This image was part of a sequence of pictures designed to search for moons orbiting within the rings and responsible for their narrow appearance. One of two such "shepherd" moons discovered by Voyager -- found Jan. 20 and designated 1986U7 -- is visible as the elongated bright feature midway between the epsilon and delta rings. The moon appears elongated because its orbital motion smeared its image during the long exposure. The Voyager project is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Date 01.24.1986
Epsilon ring of Uranus
Title Epsilon ring of Uranus
Description Voyager 2 acquired this high-resolution image of the epsilon ring of Uranus on Jan. 23, 1986, from a distance of 1.12 million kilometers (690,000 miles). This clear-filter image from Voyager's narrow-angle camera has a resolution of about 10 km (6 mi). The epsilon ring, approximately 100 km (60 mi) wide at this location, clearly shows a structural variation. Visible here are a broad, bright outer component about 40 km (25 mi) wide, a darker middle region of comparable width, and a narrow, bright inner strip about 15 km (9 mi) wide. The epsilon-ring structure seen by Voyager is similar to that observed from the ground with stellar-occultation techniques. This frame represents the first Voyager image that resolves these features within the epsilon ring. The occasional fuzzy splotches on the outer and inner parts of the ring are artifacts left by the removal of reseau marks (used for making measurements on the image). The Voyager project is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Date 01.25.1986
Approaching Jupiter
title Approaching Jupiter
date 02.03.1979
description This is the original Voyager 'Blue Movie' (so named because it was built from Blue filter images). It records Voyager 1's approach during a period of over 60 Jupiter days. Notice the difference in speed and direction of the various zones of the atmosphere. The interaction of the atmospheric clouds and storms shows how dynamic the Jovian atmosphere is. As Voyager 1 approached Jupiter in 1979, it took images of the planet at regular intervals. This sequence is made from 66 images taken once every Jupiter rotation period (about 10 hours). This time-lapse movie uses images taken every time Jupiter longitude 68W passed under the spacecraft. These images were acquired in the Blue filter from Jan. 6 to Feb. 3 1979. The spacecraft flew from 58 million kilometers to 31 million kilometers from Jupiter during that time. This time-lapse movie was produced at JPL by the Image Processing Laboratory in 1979. *Image Credit*: NASA
Ariel - Highest Resolution C …
title Ariel - Highest Resolution Color Picture
date 01.29.1996
description The complex terrain of Ariel is viewed in this image, the best Voyager 2 color picture of the Uranian moon. The individual photos used to construct this composite were taken Jan. 24, 1986, from a distance of 170,000 kilometers (105,000 miles). Voyager captured this view of Ariel's southern hemisphere through the green, blue and violet filters of the narrow-angle camera, the resolution is about 3 km (2 mi). Most of the visible surface consists of relatively intensely cratered terrain transected by fault scarps and fault-bounded valleys (graben). Some of the largest valleys, which can be seen near the terminator (at right), are partly filled with younger deposits that are less heavily cratered. Bright spots near the limb and toward the left are chiefly the rims of small craters. Most of the brightly rimmed craters are too small to be resolved here, although one about 30 km (20 mi) in diameter can be easily distinguished near the center. These bright-rim craters, though the youngest features on Ariel, probably have formed over a long span of geological time. Although Ariel has a diameter of only about 1,200 km (750 mi), it has clearly experienced a great deal of geological activity in the past. The Voyager project is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. *Image Credit*: JPL
A Parting Shot
title A Parting Shot
date 01.29.1996
description This false color photograph of Neptune was made from Voyager 2 images taken through three filters: blue, green, and a filter that passes light at a wavelength that is absorbed by methane gas. Thus, regions that appear white or bright red are those that reflect sunlight before it passes through a large quantity of methane. The image reveals the presence of a ubiquitous haze that covers Neptune in a semitransparent layer. Near the center of the disk, sunlight passes through the haze and deeper into the atmosphere, where some wavelengths are absorbed by methane gas, causing the center of the image to appear less red. Near the edge of the planet, the haze scatters sunlight at higher altitude, above most of the methane, causing the bright red edge around the planet. By measuring haze brightness at several wavelengths, scientists are able to estimate the thickness of the haze and its ability to scatter sunlight. The image is among the last full disk photos that Voyager 2 took before beginning its endless journey into interstellar space. The Voyager Mission is conducted by JPL for NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications. *Image Credit*: JPL
Uranus' innermost satellite …
title Uranus' innermost satellite Miranda
date 01.24.1986
description Miranda, innermost of Uranus' large satellites, is seen at close range in this Voyager 2 image, taken Jan. 24, 1986, as part of a high-resolution mosaicing sequence. Voyager was some 36,000 kilometers (22,000 miles) away from Miranda. This clear-filter, narrow-angle image shows an area about 250 km (150 mi) across, at a resolution of about 800 meters (2,600 feet). Two distinct terrain types are visible: a rugged, higher-elevation terrain (right) and a lower, striated terrain. Numerous craters on the rugged, higher terrain indicate that it is older than the lower terrain. Several scarps, probably faults, cut the different terrains. The impact crater in the lower part of this image is about 25 km (15 mi) across. The Voyager project is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. *Image Credit*: NASA
Miranda's Geologic History
title Miranda's Geologic History
date 01.24.1996
description Miranda reveals a complex geologic history in this view, acquired by Voyager 2 on Jan. 24, 1986, around its close approach to the Uranian moon. At least three terrain types of different age and geologic style are evident at this resolution of about 700 meters (2,300 feet). Visible in this clear-filter, narrow-angle image are, from left: (1) an apparently ancient, cratered terrain consisting of rolling, subdued hills and degraded medium-sized craters (2) a grooved terrain with linear valleys and ridges developed at the expense of, or replacing, the first terrain type: and (3) a complex terrain seen along the terminator, in which intersecting curvilinear ridges and troughs are abruptly truncated by the linear, grooved terrain. Voyager scientists believe this third terrain type is intermediate in age between the first two. The Voyager project is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. *Image Credit*: JPL
Saturn taken from Voyager 2
title Saturn taken from Voyager 2
date 08.04.1998
description This true color picture was assembled from Voyager 2 Saturn images obtained Aug. 4 from a distance of 21 million kilometers (13 million miles) on the spacecraft's approach trajectory. Three of Saturn's icy moons are evident at left. They are, in order of distance from the planet: Tethys, 1,050 km. (652 mi.) in diameter, Dione, 1,120 km. (696 mi.), and Rhea, 1,530 km. (951 mi.). The shadow of Tethys appears on Saturn's southern hemisphere. A fourth satellite, Mimas, is less evident, appearing as a bright spot a quarter-inch in from the planet's limb about half an inch above Tethys, the shadow of Mimas appears on the planet about three-quarters of an inch directly above that of Tethys. The pastel and yellow hues on the planet reveal many contrasting bright and darker bands in both hemispheres of Saturn's weather system. The Voyager project is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. *Image Credit*: NASA
Volcanic Explosion on Io
title Volcanic Explosion on Io
date 03.04.1979
description One of the most surprising discoveries of the Voyager 1 mission were the violent volcanoes of Jupiter's moon Io. 'This was really beyond our imagination,' recalls Dr. Ed Stone, Voyager project scientist. It was the first time active volcanoes had been seen on another body in the solar system. Voyager 1 acquired this image of Io on March 4, 1979 at 5:30 p.m. (PST) about 11 hours before closest approach to the Jupiter moon. The distance to Io was about 490,000 kilometers (304,000 miles). An enormous volcanic explosion can be seen silhouetted against dark space over Io's bright limb. The brightness of the plume has been increased by the computer as it is normally extremely faint, whereas the relative color of the plume (greenish white) has been preserved. At this time solid material had been thrown up to an altitude of about 100 miles. This requires an ejection velocity from the volcanic vent of about 1200 miles per hour, material reaching the crest of the fountain in several minutes. The vent area is a complex circular structure consisting of a bright ring about 300 kilometers in diameter and a central region of irregular dark and light patterns. Volcanic explosions similar to this occur on the Earth when magmatic gases expand explosively as material is vented. On Earth water is the major gas driving the explosion. Because Io is thought to be extremely dry, scientists are searching for other gases to explain the explosion. *Image Credit*: NASA
Voyager 1 Image of Ganymede
Title Voyager 1 Image of Ganymede
Full Description Voyager 1 took this picture of Ganymede from a distance of 1.6 million miles. Ganymede is Jupiter's largest satellite with a radius of approximately 2600 kilometers, about 1.5 times that of Earth's Moon. Ganymede is the seventh and largest of Jupiter's known satellites and is the third of the Galilean moons. Discovered in 1610 by Galileo and Marius, Ganymede is the largest satellite in the Solar System. It was named after the Greek mythical character, Ganymede, a handsome Trojan boy that Zeus took to Olympus to be a cupbearer for the gods (one of the only humans in Greek mythology who became immortal). Ganymede is larger than Mercury but has only half Mercury's mass. It has a bulk density of only two grams per cubic centimeter, almost half that of Earth's Moon. Ganymede is most likely composed of a mixture of rock and ice. The long white filaments resemble rays associated with impacts on the lunar surface. The various colors of different regions probably represent differing surface materials. Several dots of a single color (blue, green, and orange) on the picture are the result of markings on the camera used for pointing determinations and are not physical markings. Voyager scientists discovered that Ganymede has its own magnetosphere embedded inside Jupiter's large one. JPL manages and controls the Voyager Project for NASA's Office of Space Science.
Date 03/04/1979
NASA Center Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Voyager 1 View of Callisto
Title Voyager 1 View of Callisto
Full Description Voyager 1 took this picture of Callisto during Voyager's approach to Jupiter's outer large satellite in 1979. Both Galileo and Marius discovered Callisto in 1610. In Greek mythology, Callisto was a nymph loved by Zeus and thus hated by Hera. Hera turned her into a bear, which Zeus placed in the heavens as the constellation Ursa Major. Voyager was 350,000 kilometers from Callisto and took this picture that shows features about seven kilometers wide across the surface. Callisto is a little smaller than Ganymede (Callisto is about the size of Mercury) and it seems that it is composed of a mixture of ice and rock (about 40 percent ice and 60 percent rock and iron). The darker color of Callisto (about half as reflective as Ganymede but still twice as bright as the Moon) implies that the upper surface is "dirty ice" or water- rich rock frozen on Callisto's cold surface (approximately -243 Fahrenheit degrees at the equator). Callisto's atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide. Far more craters appear on the surface of Callisto than on the surface of Ganymede, leading scientists to believe that Callisto is the oldest of the Galilean satellites. Callisto could date back as far as four billion years ago and has remained relatively unchanged in the history of space.
Date 03/06/1979
NASA Center Jet Propulsion Laboratory
A79-7074
Photographer: JPL P-21739 BW …
7/4/79
Description Photographer: JPL P-21739 BW Range: 4.7 million kilometers (2.9 million miles) This picture of Io was taken as Voyager 2 closes in on the Jovian system. Scientists are studying these distant views of Io for evidences of changes since Voyager 1 observations in March of 79. Voyager 1 discovered that Io, the innermost of the Galilean satellites, is the most volcanically active body yet seen in the solar system, surpassing even earth. In this picture, the first volcano discovered by Voyager 1 is again visible in the lower left portion of the disk as a dark oval with a dark spot in the center. In March, this volcano appeared as a heart-shaped marking, not a symmetrical oval. Scientists believe that the non-symmetric markings earlier resulted from a constriction in the mouth of the volcanic vent causing erupting material to extrude preferentially in certain directions. Apparently, the volcanic eruptive activity, which sends material to altitudes of 280 kilometers (175 miles) or more above this volcano, has changed the vent geometry or dislodged an obstruction. Such changes in the form of eruptive fountains are common in terrestial volcanos, although on a much smaller scale than on Io.
Date 7/4/79
A79-7075
Photographer: JPL P-21740 BW …
7/7/79
Description Photographer: JPL P-21740 BW Range: 2,318,000 kilometers (1,438,000 miles) This picture of Callisto taken by Voyager 2 shows the moon covered with bright spots which are metoerite impact craters--a fact originally discovered from the high resolution pictures taken by Voyager 1. Scientists believe that heavily cratered terrains like these on Callisto are indicative of ancient planetary surfaces. Voyager 2 mapped the side of Callisto not seen by Voyager 1. The obsure dark streaks in this area may be fault zones, but higher resolution pictures are needed for identification.
Date 7/7/79
A89-7042
Photographer: JPL P-34578 BW …
8/11/89
Description Photographer: JPL P-34578 BW One of two new ring arcs, or partial rings, discovered by Voyager 2, is faintly visible just outside the orbit of the Neptunian moon 1989N4.The 155-second exposure taken by the spacecraft's narrow-angle camera shows the glare of an overexposed Neptune to the right of the moon and ring arc. The two bright streaks below the moon and ring arc are stars. The ring arc is approximately 50,000 kilometers (30,000 miles) long. The second ring arc, not apparent here, is about 10,000 kilometers (6,000 miles) long and is assoiciated with moon 1989N3. The ring arc, along with 1989N4, orbits about 62,000 kilometers (38,000 miles) from the planet's cloud tops. Astronomers long suspected the existence of such an irregular ring system around Neptune. Data from repeated ground-based observations hinted at the existence of irregular strands of partial rings orbiting Neptune. Voyager's photographs of the ring arcs are the first photographic evidence that such a ring system exists. Voyager scientists said the ring arcs may be comprised of debris associated with the nearby moons, or may be the remnants of moons that have been torn apart or ground down through collisions. Close-up studies of the ring arcs by Voyager 2 will help determine their composition.
Date 8/11/89
AC79-7075
Photographer: JPL P-21740 C …
7/7/79
Description Photographer: JPL P-21740 C Range: 2,318,000 kilometers (1,438,000 miles) This picture of Callisto taken by Voyager 2 shows the moon covered with bright spots which are metoerite impact craters--a fact originally discovered from the high resolution pictures taken by Voyager 1. Scientists believe that heavily cratered terrains like these on Callisto are indicative of ancient planetary surfaces. Voyager 2 mapped the side of Callisto not seen by Voyager 1. The obsure dark streaks in this area may be fault zones, but higher resolution pictures are needed for identification.
Date 7/7/79
AC89-7010
Voyager II Imagery - Neptune …
8/21/89
Description Voyager II Imagery - Neptune: This image of clouds in Neptune's atmosphere is the first that tests the accuracy of the weather forecast that was made eight days earlier to select targets for the Voyager narrow-angle camera. Three of the four targeted features are visible in this photograph, all three are close to their predicted locations. The Great Dark Spot with its bright white companion is slightly to the left of center. The small bright Scooter is below and to the left, and the second dark spot with its bright core is below the Scooter. Strong eastward winds -- up to 400 mph -- cause the second dark spot to overtake and pass the larger one every five days. The spacecraft was 6.1 million kilometers (3.8 million miles) from the planet at the time of camera shuttering, and the images use the orange, green and clear filters of the camera. The Voyager Mission is conducted by JPL for NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications. (JPL ref P-34632 Voyager 2 N-32C)
Date 8/21/89
Clumps in the F Ring
Description Here on the Gallery page you can find the very latest images, videos and products from the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn, including the spectacular launch, spacecraft assembly and the exciting trip to Saturn.
Full Description Scientists have only a rough idea of the lifetime of clumps in Saturn's rings - a mystery that Cassini may help answer. The latest images taken by the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft show clumps seemingly embedded within Saturn¿s narrow, outermost F ring. The narrow angle camera took the images on Feb. 23, 2004, from a distance of 62.9 million kilometers (39 million miles). The two images taken nearly two hours apart show these clumps as they revolve about the planet. The small dot at center right in the second image is one of Saturn's small moons, Janus, which is 181 kilometers, (112 miles) across. Like all particles in Saturn's ring system, these clump features orbit the planet in the same direction in which the planet rotates. This direction is clockwise as seen from Cassini's southern vantage point below the ring plane. Two clumps in particular, one of them extended, is visible in the upper part of the F ring in the image on the left, and in the lower part of the ring in the image on the right. Other knot-like irregularities in the ring's brightness are visible in the image on the right. The core of the F ring is about 50 kilometers (31miles) wide, and from Cassini's current distance, is not fully visible. The imaging team enhanced the contrast of the images and magnified them to aid visibility of the F ring and the clump features. The camera took the images with the green filter, which is centered at 568 nanometers. The image scale is 377 kilometers (234 miles) per pixel. NASA¿s two Voyager spacecraft that flew past Saturn in 1980 and 1981 were the first to see these clumps. The Voyager data suggest that the clumps change very little and can be tracked as they orbit for 30 days or more. No clump survived from the time of the first Voyager flyby to the Voyager 2 flyby nine months later. Scientists are not certain of the cause of these features. Among the theories proposed are meteoroid bombardments and inter-particle collisions in the F ring. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo. For more information about the Cassini-Huygens mission visit, http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov and the Cassini imaging team home page, http://ciclops.org . Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute
Titan: Saturn's Smog Moon
Title Titan: Saturn's Smog Moon
Explanation The largest moon of Saturn [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950705.html ] is a rare wonder. Titan is the only one of Saturn [ http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/titan.html ]'s moons with an atmosphere, and one of only two moons in the Solar System [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950819.html ] with this distinction (Neptune [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950817.html ]'s Triton [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950805.html ] is the other). Titan [ http://www.c3.lanl.gov/~cjhamil/SolarSystem/titan.html ]'s thick cloudy atmosphere is mostly nitrogen, like Earth [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950622.html ]'s, but contains much higher percentages of "smog-like" chemicals such as methane and ethane. The smog may be so thick that it actually rains "gasoline-like" liquids. The organic nature of some of the chemicals found in Titan's atmosphere cause some to speculate that Titan may harbor life! Because of its thick cloud cover, however, Titan's actual surface properties remain mysterious. Voyager [ http://vraptor.jpl.nasa.gov/voyager/voyager.html ] 1 flew by in 1980 taking the above picture, and recently much has been learned from Hubble Space Telescope observations [ http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/94/55.html ]. The Cassini mission [ http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/mip/cassini.html ] currently scheduled for launch in 1997 will map Titan's surface, helping to solve some of its mysteries.
Mimas: Small Moon with A Big …
Title Mimas: Small Moon with A Big Crater
Explanation Mimas [ http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/mimas.html ] is one of the smaller moons of Saturn [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950705.html ] but shows one of the largest impact craters! In fact, if the impact had been much greater, it would have disrupted the entire satellite. The large crater has been named Herschel after the 1789 discoverer of Mimas, Sir William Herschel [ http://star.arm.ac.uk/history/herschel.html ]. Mimas' low mass produces a surface gravity just strong enough to create a spherical body but weak enough to allow such relatively large surface features. Mimas [ http://www.c3.lanl.gov/~cjhamil/SolarSystem/mimas.html ] is made of mostly water ice with a smattering of rock - so it is accurately described as a big dirty snowball. Voyager [ http://vraptor.jpl.nasa.gov/voyager/voyager.html ] 1 flew by in 1980 and took the above picture.
Uranus' Moon Miranda
Title Uranus' Moon Miranda
Explanation NASA's robot spacecraft Voyager 2 passed the planet Uranus [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950816.html ] and its moons in 1986. While the cloud tops of Uranus [ http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/uranus.html ] proved to be rather featureless, the surface of Miranda [ http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/miranda.html ], the innermost of Uranus [ http://www.c3.lanl.gov/~cjhamil/SolarSystem/uranus.html ]' large moons, showed several interesting features. Voyager 2 passed closer to Miranda [ http://www.c3.lanl.gov/~cjhamil/SolarSystem/miranda.html ] than to any Solar System [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950819.html ] body and hence photographed it with the clearest resolution. Miranda's heavily cratered terrain shows grooves like Jupiter [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap951208.html ]'s moon Ganymede [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950904.html ] and several valleys and cliffs. Miranda is made of a roughly equal mix of ice and rock. Miranda was discovered by Gerard Kuiper in 1948.
Uranus's Moon Umbriel: A Mys …
Title Uranus's Moon Umbriel: A Mysterious Dark World
Explanation Why is Umbriel so dark? This dark moon reflects only half the light of other Uranus' [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950816.html ] moons such as Ariel [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960303.html ]. And what is that bright ring at the top? Unfortunately, nobody yet knows. These questions presented themselves when Voyager [ http://vraptor.jpl.nasa.gov/voyager/voyager.html ] 2 passed this satellite of Uranus [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950816.html ] in January 1986. Voyager found an old surface with unusually large craters, and determined Umbriel [ http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/umbriel.html ]'s composition to be about half ice and half rock. Umbriel [ http://bang.lanl.gov/solarsys/umbriel.htm ] is the fourth largest and third most distant of Uranus' five large moons. Umbriel was discovered in 1851 by William Lassell [ http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~naw96/lassell/lassell.htm ].
Mimas: Small Moon with a Big …
Title Mimas: Small Moon with a Big Crater
Explanation Mimas [ http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/mimas.html ] is one of the smaller moons of Saturn [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap970921.html ] but shows one of the largest impact craters. In fact, if the impact had been much greater, it would have disrupted the entire satellite [ http://www.badastronomy.com/bitesize/mimas.html ]. The large crater has been named Herschel after the 1789 discoverer of Mimas, Sir William Herschel [ http://star.arm.ac.uk/history/herschel.html ]. Mimas' low mass produces a surface gravity just strong enough to create a spherical body but weak enough to allow such relatively large surface features. Mimas [ http://www.hawastsoc.org/solar/eng/mimas.htm ] is made of mostly water ice with a smattering of rock - so it is accurately described as a big dirty snowball. Voyager [ http://vraptor.jpl.nasa.gov/voyager/voyager.html ] 1 flew by in 1980 and took the above picture.
Neptune - partial rings
PIA02200
Sol (our sun)
Imaging Science Subsystem - …
Title Neptune - partial rings
Original Caption Released with Image One of two new ring arcs, or partial rings, discovered today by NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft, is faintly visible here just outside the orbit of the Neptunian moon 1989N4, also discovered by Voyager 2 earlier this month. The 155 second exposure taken by Voyager's narrow-angle camera shows the glare of an overexposed Neptune to the right of the moon and ring arc. The two bright streaks below the moon and ring arc are stars. The ring arc is approximately 50,000 kilometers (or 30,000 miles) long. (The second ring arc, not apparent here, is approximately 10,000 kilometers (6,000 miles) long and is associated with the moon 1989N3.) The ring arc, along with 1989N4, orbits about 62,000 kilometers (38,000 miles) from the planet's center, or about 37,000 kilometers (23,000 miles) from the planet's cloud tops. Astronomers have long suspected the existence of such an irregular ring system around Neptune. Data from repeated ground based observations hinted at the existence of irregular strands of partial rings orbiting Neptune. Voyager's photographs of the ring arcs are the first photographic evidence that such a ring system exists. Voyager scientists said the ring arcs may be comprised of debris associated with the nearby moons, or may be the remnants of moons that have been torn apart or ground down through collisions. Close-up studies of the ring arcs by Voyager 2 in coming days should help determine their composition. The Voyager mission is conducted by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications.
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