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Multiwavelength …
Title Multiwavelength M81
Description This beautiful galaxy is tilted at an oblique angle on to our line of sight, giving a "birds-eye view" of the spiral structure. The galaxy is similar to our Milky Way, but our favorable view provides a better picture of the typical architecture of spiral galaxies. M81 may be undergoing a surge of star formation along the spiral arms due to a close encounter it may have had with its nearby spiral galaxy NGC 3077 and a nearby starburst galaxy (M82) about 300 million years ago. M81 is one of the brightest galaxies that can be seen from the Earth. It is high in the northern sky in the circumpolar constellation Ursa Major, the Great Bear. At an apparent magnitude of 6.8 it is just at the limit of naked-eye visibility. The galaxy's angular size is about the same as that of the Full Moon. This image combines data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) missions. The GALEX ultraviolet data were from the far-UV portion of the spectrum (135 to 175 nanometers). The Spitzer infrared data were taken with the IRAC 4 detector (8 microns). The Hubble data were taken at the blue portion of the spectrum.
Heritage Projec …
Title Heritage Project Celebrates Five Years of Harvesting the Best Images from Hubble Space Telescope
General Information What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. Back to top [ #top ]
Hubble Photogra …
Title Hubble Photographs Grand Design Spiral Galaxy M81
General Information What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. The sharpest image ever taken of the large "grand design" spiral galaxy M81 is being released today at the American Astronomical Society Meeting in Honolulu, Hawaii. A spiral-shaped system of stars, dust, and gas clouds, the galaxy's arms wind all the way down into the nucleus. Though the galaxy is located 11.6 million light-years away, the Hubble Space Telescope's view is so sharp that it can resolve individual stars, along with open star clusters, globular star clusters, and even glowing regions of fluorescent gas. The Hubble data was taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys in 2004 through 2006. This color composite was assembled from images taken in blue, visible, and infrared light.
Eyes in the Sky
Title Eyes in the Sky
Description These shape-shifting galaxies have taken on the form of a giant mask. The icy blue eyes are actually the cores of two merging galaxies, called NGC 2207 and IC 2163, and the mask is their spiral arms. The false-colored image consists of infrared data from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope (red) and visible data from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope (blue/green). NGC 2207 and IC 2163 met and began a sort of gravitational tango about 40 million years ago. The two galaxies are tugging at each other, stimulating new stars to form. Eventually, this cosmic ball will come to an end, when the galaxies meld into one. The dancing duo is located 140 million light-years away in the Canis Major constellation. The infrared data from Spitzer highlight the galaxies' dusty regions, while the visible data from Hubble indicates starlight. In the Hubble-only image (not pictured here), the dusty regions appear as dark lanes. The Hubble data correspond to light with wavelengths of .44 and .55 microns (blue and green, respectively). The Spitzer data represent light of 8 microns.
M81 Galaxy is P …
PIA09579
GALEX Telescope …
Title M81 Galaxy is Pretty in Pink
Original Caption Released with Image The perfectly picturesque spiral galaxy known as Messier 81, or M81, looks sharp in this new composite from NASA's Spitzer and Hubble space telescopes and NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer. M81 is a "grand design" spiral galaxy, which means its elegant arms curl all the way down into its center. It is located about 12 million light-years away in the Ursa Major constellation and is one of the brightest galaxies that can be seen from Earth through telescopes. The colors in this picture represent a trio of light wavelengths: blue is ultraviolet light captured by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer, yellowish white is visible light seen by Hubble, and red is infrared light detected by Spitzer. The blue areas show the hottest, youngest stars, while the reddish-pink denotes lanes of dust that line the spiral arms. The orange center is made up of older stars.
The Sombrero Ga …
Title The Sombrero Galaxy in Infrared
Explanation This floating ring is the size of a galaxy. In fact, it is part of the photogenic Sombrero Galaxy [ http://www.seds.org/messier/m/m104.html ], one of the largest galaxies in the nearby Virgo Cluster of Galaxies [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap050213.html ]. The dark band of dust [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap030706.html ] that obscures the mid-section of the Sombrero Galaxy [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sombrero_galaxy ] in optical light actually glows brightly in infrared light. The above image [ http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/Media/releases/ssc2005-11/release.shtml ] shows the infrared [ http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/infrared.html ] glow, recently recorded by the orbiting Spitzer Space Telescope [ http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/about/index.shtml ], superposed in false-color on an existing [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap031008.html ] image taken by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap021124.html ] in optical light. The Sombrero [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sombrero ] Galaxy, also known as M104, spans about 50,000 light years [ http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question19.html ] across and lies 28 million light years away. M104 can be seen with a small telescope in the direction of the constellation Virgo [ http://www.seds.org/Maps/Stars_en/Fig/ virgo.html ].
The Sombrero Ga …
Title The Sombrero Galaxy in Infrared
Explanation This floating ring is the size of a galaxy. In fact, it is part of the photogenic Sombrero Galaxy [ http://www.seds.org/messier/m/m104.html ], one of the largest galaxies in the nearby Virgo Cluster of Galaxies [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap050213.html ]. The dark band of dust [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap030706.html ] that obscures the mid-section of the Sombrero Galaxy [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sombrero_galaxy ] in optical light actually glows brightly in infrared light. The above image [ http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/Media/releases/ssc2005-11/release.shtml ] shows the infrared [ http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/infrared.html ] glow, recently recorded by the orbiting Spitzer Space Telescope [ http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/about/index.shtml ], superposed in false-color on an existing [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap031008.html ] image taken by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap021124.html ] in optical light. The Sombrero [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sombrero ] Galaxy, also known as M104, spans about 50,000 light years [ http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question19.html ] across and lies 28 million light years away. M104 can be seen with a small telescope in the direction of the constellation [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellations ] of Virgo [ http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~dolan/constellations/constellations/Virgo.html ].
Spitzer and Hub …
Title Spitzer and Hubble Team Up to Find "Big Baby" Galaxies in the Newborn Universe
Spitzer and Hub …
Title Spitzer and Hubble Team Up to Find "Big Baby" Galaxies in the Newborn Universe
Astronomers Fin …
Title Astronomers Find One of the Youngest and Brightest Galaxies in the Early Universe
A Hidden, Massi …
Title A Hidden, Massive Star Cluster Awash with Red Supergiants
Description The sky is a jewelry box full of sparkling stars in these infrared images. The crown jewels are 14 massive stars on the verge of exploding as supernovae. These hefty stars reside in one of the most massive star clusters in the Milky Way Galaxy. The bluish cluster is inside the white box in the large image, which shows the star-studded region around it. A close-up of the cluster can be seen in the inset photo. These large stars are a tip-off to the mass of the young cluster. Astronomers estimate that the cluster is at least 20,000 times as massive as the Sun. Each red supergiant is about 20 times the Sun's mass. The larger color-composite image was taken by the Spitzer Space Telescope for the Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE) Legacy project. The survey penetrates obscuring dust along the thick disk of our galaxy to reveal never-before-seen stars and star clusters. The false colors in the image correspond to infrared-light emission. The stars in the large color-composite image all appear blue because they emit most of their infrared light at shorter wavelengths. The inset image, a false-color composite, was captured by the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). Astronomers identified the cluster as a potential behemoth after spotting it in the 2MASS catalogue. They then used the Infrared Multi-object Spectrograph at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona to analyze the cluster's colors. From that analysis, they discovered the red supergiants. They confirmed the red supergiants' pedigree by studying the colors of other red supergiants in data taken by the Spitzer Space Telescope. The cluster lies 18,900 light-years away in the direction of the constellation Scutum. It is the first in a survey of 130 potentially massive star clusters in the Milky Way that astronomers will study over the next five years using a variety of telescopes, including the Spitzer and Hubble space telescopes. The Spitzer image was taken April 4, 2004, the 2MASS image on July 4, 1999. The science team that studied the star cluster consists of Don Figer, Space Telescope Science Institute/Rochester Institute of Techology, John MacKenty, Massimo Robberto, and Kester Smith, Space Telescope Science Institute, Francisco Najarro, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia in Madrid, Spain: Rolf Kudritzki, University of Hawaii in Honolulu, and Artemio Herrero, Universidad de La Laguna in Tenerife, Spain.
A Hidden, Massi …
Title A Hidden, Massive Star Cluster Awash with Red Supergiants
Description The sky is a jewelry box full of sparkling stars in these infrared images. The crown jewels are 14 massive stars on the verge of exploding as supernovae. These hefty stars reside in one of the most massive star clusters in the Milky Way Galaxy. The bluish cluster is inside the white box in the large image, which shows the star-studded region around it. A close-up of the cluster can be seen in the inset photo. These large stars are a tip-off to the mass of the young cluster. Astronomers estimate that the cluster is at least 20,000 times as massive as the Sun. Each red supergiant is about 20 times the Sun's mass. The larger color-composite image was taken by the Spitzer Space Telescope for the Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE) Legacy project. The survey penetrates obscuring dust along the thick disk of our galaxy to reveal never-before-seen stars and star clusters. The false colors in the image correspond to infrared-light emission. The stars in the large color-composite image all appear blue because they emit most of their infrared light at shorter wavelengths. The inset image, a false-color composite, was captured by the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). Astronomers identified the cluster as a potential behemoth after spotting it in the 2MASS catalogue. They then used the Infrared Multi-object Spectrograph at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona to analyze the cluster's colors. From that analysis, they discovered the red supergiants. They confirmed the red supergiants' pedigree by studying the colors of other red supergiants in data taken by the Spitzer Space Telescope. The cluster lies 18,900 light-years away in the direction of the constellation Scutum. It is the first in a survey of 130 potentially massive star clusters in the Milky Way that astronomers will study over the next five years using a variety of telescopes, including the Spitzer and Hubble space telescopes. The Spitzer image was taken April 4, 2004, the 2MASS image on July 4, 1999. The science team that studied the star cluster consists of Don Figer, Space Telescope Science Institute/Rochester Institute of Techology, John MacKenty, Massimo Robberto, and Kester Smith, Space Telescope Science Institute, Francisco Najarro, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia in Madrid, Spain: Rolf Kudritzki, University of Hawaii in Honolulu, and Artemio Herrero, Universidad de La Laguna in Tenerife, Spain.
A Hidden, Massi …
Title A Hidden, Massive Star Cluster Awash with Red Supergiants
Description The sky is a jewelry box full of sparkling stars in these infrared images. The crown jewels are 14 massive stars on the verge of exploding as supernovae. These hefty stars reside in one of the most massive star clusters in the Milky Way Galaxy. The bluish cluster is inside the white box in the large image, which shows the star-studded region around it. A close-up of the cluster can be seen in the inset photo. These large stars are a tip-off to the mass of the young cluster. Astronomers estimate that the cluster is at least 20,000 times as massive as the Sun. Each red supergiant is about 20 times the Sun's mass. The larger color-composite image was taken by the Spitzer Space Telescope for the Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE) Legacy project. The survey penetrates obscuring dust along the thick disk of our galaxy to reveal never-before-seen stars and star clusters. The false colors in the image correspond to infrared-light emission. The stars in the large color-composite image all appear blue because they emit most of their infrared light at shorter wavelengths. The inset image, a false-color composite, was captured by the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). Astronomers identified the cluster as a potential behemoth after spotting it in the 2MASS catalogue. They then used the Infrared Multi-object Spectrograph at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona to analyze the cluster's colors. From that analysis, they discovered the red supergiants. They confirmed the red supergiants' pedigree by studying the colors of other red supergiants in data taken by the Spitzer Space Telescope. The cluster lies 18,900 light-years away in the direction of the constellation Scutum. It is the first in a survey of 130 potentially massive star clusters in the Milky Way that astronomers will study over the next five years using a variety of telescopes, including the Spitzer and Hubble space telescopes. The Spitzer image was taken April 4, 2004, the 2MASS image on July 4, 1999. The science team that studied the star cluster consists of Don Figer, Space Telescope Science Institute/Rochester Institute of Techology, John MacKenty, Massimo Robberto, and Kester Smith, Space Telescope Science Institute, Francisco Najarro, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia in Madrid, Spain: Rolf Kudritzki, University of Hawaii in Honolulu, and Artemio Herrero, Universidad de La Laguna in Tenerife, Spain.
Cassiopeia A: D …
Title Cassiopeia A: Death Becomes Her
Description This stunning false-color picture shows off the many sides of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A. It is made up of images taken by three of NASA's Great Observatories, using three different wavebands of light. Infrared data from the Spitzer Space Telescope are colored red, visible data from the Hubble Space Telescope are yellow, and X-ray data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory are green and blue. Located 10,000 light-years away in the northern constellation Cassiopeia, Cassiopeia A is the remnant of a once massive star that died in a violent supernova explosion 325 years ago. It consists of a dead star, called a neutron star, and a surrounding shell of material that was blasted off as the star died. This remnant marks the most recent supernova in our Milky Way galaxy, and is one of the most studied objects in the sky. Each Great Observatory highlights different characteristics of this celestial orb. While Spitzer reveals warm dust in the outer shell about a few hundred degrees Kelvin (80 degrees Fahrenheit) in temperature, Hubble sees the delicate filamentary structures of hot gases about 10,000 degrees Kelvin (18,000 degrees Fahrenheit). Chandra probes unimaginably hot gases, up to about 10 million degrees Kelvin (18 million degrees Fahrenheit). These extremely hot gases were created when ejected material from Cassiopeia A smashed into surrounding gas and dust. Chandra can also see Cassiopeia A's neutron star (turquoise dot at center of shell). Blue Chandra data were acquired using broadband X-rays (low to high energies), green Chandra data correspond to intermediate energy X-rays, yellow Hubble data were taken using a 900 nanometer-wavelength filter, and red Spitzer data are from the telescope's 24-micron detector.
Spitzer and Hub …
Title Spitzer and Hubble Team Up to Find "Big Baby" Galaxies in the Newborn Universe
Astronomers Fin …
Title Astronomers Find One of the Youngest and Brightest Galaxies in the Early Universe
Happy Sweet Six …
Title Happy Sweet Sixteen, Hubble Telescope!
Hubble and Spit …
Title Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes Find "Lego-Block" Galaxies in Early Universe
Hubble and Spit …
Title Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes Find "Lego-Block" Galaxies in Early Universe
Hubble and Spit …
Title Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes Find "Lego-Block" Galaxies in Early Universe
Hubble and Spit …
Title Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes Find "Lego-Block" Galaxies in Early Universe
Spitzer and Hub …
Title Spitzer and Hubble Team Up to Find "Big Baby" Galaxies in the Newborn Universe
Hubble and Spit …
Title Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes Find "Lego-Block" Galaxies in Early Universe
Hubble Spies Sh …
Title Hubble Spies Shells of Sparkling Stars Around Quasar
Bright Spiral G …
Title Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 from Hubble
Explanation The Hubble Space Telescope has resolved individual stars in a spectacular new image of nearby spiral galaxy M81. The feat is similar to Edwin Hubble [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble ]'s historic images with the Mt. Wilson 100-inch Hooker Telescope [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Wilson_Observatory#100_inch_.282.5_m.29_Hooker_telescope ] in the 1920s that resolved stars [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960406.html ] in neighboring galaxy M31 [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap061126.html ]. Edwin Hubble [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960217.html ] was able to use individual Cepheid variable stars [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960110.html ] to show that M31 was not nearby swirling gas but rather an entire galaxy [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/debate20.html ] like our Milky Way Galaxy [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap050825.html ]. This above image [ http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/press/2007/pr200716_images.html ] in visible light [ http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/visible.html ] taken by the Hubble Space Telescope [ http://www.stsci.edu/hst/HST_overview/ ] is being used in conjunction with images [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap070515.html ] being taken in ultraviolet [ http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/uv.html ] by Galex [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GALEX ], infrared by Spitzer [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope ], and X-rays [ http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/xrays.html ] with Chandra [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory ] to study how stars have formed and died over the history M81. Light takes about 12 million years [ http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question19.html ] to reach us from M81. M81 [ http://seds.org/messier/m/m081.html ] is visible with binoculars toward the constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major [ http://www.astronomical.org/portal/modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=83 ]).
Hubble Sees 'Co …
Title Hubble Sees 'Comet Galaxy' Being Ripped Apart By Galaxy Cluster
Hubble and Spit …
Title Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes Find "Lego-Block" Galaxies in Early Universe
Happy Sweet Six …
Title Happy Sweet Sixteen, Hubble Telescope!
Astronomers Fin …
Title Astronomers Find One of the Youngest and Brightest Galaxies in the Early Universe
Astronomers Fin …
Title Astronomers Find One of the Youngest and Brightest Galaxies in the Early Universe
Astronomers Fin …
Title Astronomers Find One of the Youngest and Brightest Galaxies in the Early Universe
Hubble and Spit …
Title Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes Find "Lego-Block" Galaxies in Early Universe
Hubble Approach …
Title Hubble Approaches the Final Frontier: The Dawn of Galaxies
Three Great Eye …
PIA06907
Chandra X-Ray T …
Title Three Great Eyes on Kepler's Supernova Remnant
Original Caption Released with Image Composite NASA's three Great Observatories -- the Hubble Space Telescope, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory -- joined forces to probe the expanding remains of a supernova, called Kepler's supernova remnant, first seen 400 years ago by sky watchers, including astronomer Johannes Kepler. The combined image unveils a bubble-shaped shroud of gas and dust that is 14 light-years wide and is expanding at 4 million miles per hour (2,000 kilometers per second). Observations from each telescope highlight distinct features of the supernova remnant, a fast-moving shell of iron-rich material from the exploded star, surrounded by an expanding shock wave that is sweeping up interstellar gas and dust. Each color in this image represents a different region of the electromagnetic spectrum, from X-rays to infrared light. These diverse colors are shown in the panel of photographs below the composite image. The X-ray and infrared data cannot be seen with the human eye. By color-coding those data and combining them with Hubble's visible-light view, astronomers are presenting a more complete picture of the supernova remnant. Visible-light images from the Hubble telescope (colored yellow) reveal where the supernova shock wave is slamming into the densest regions of surrounding gas. The bright glowing knots are dense clumps from instabilities that form behind the shock wave. The Hubble data also show thin filaments of gas that look like rippled sheets seen edge-on. These filaments reveal where the shock wave is encountering lower-density, more uniform interstellar material. The Spitzer telescope shows microscopic dust particles (colored red) that have been heated by the supernova shock wave. The dust re-radiates the shock wave's energy as infrared light. The Spitzer data are brightest in the regions surrounding those seen in detail by the Hubble telescope. The Chandra X-ray data show regions of very hot gas, and extremely high-energy particles. The hottest gas (higher-energy X-rays, colored blue) is located primarily in the regions directly behind the shock front. These regions also show up in the Hubble observations, and also align with the faint rim of glowing material seen in the Spitzer data. The X-rays from the region on the lower left (colored blue) may be dominated by extremely high-energy electrons that were produced by the shock wave and are radiating at radio through X-ray wavelengths as they spiral in the intensified magnetic field behind the shock front. Cooler X-ray gas (lower-energy X-rays, colored green) resides in a thick interior shell and marks the location of heated material expelled from the exploded star. Kepler's supernova, the last such object seen to explode in our Milky Way galaxy, resides about 13,000 light-years away in the constellation Ophiuchus. The Chandra observations were taken in June 2000, the Hubble in August 2003, and the Spitzer in August 2004.
Three Great Eye …
PIA06907
Chandra X-Ray T …
Title Three Great Eyes on Kepler's Supernova Remnant
Original Caption Released with Image Composite NASA's three Great Observatories -- the Hubble Space Telescope, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory -- joined forces to probe the expanding remains of a supernova, called Kepler's supernova remnant, first seen 400 years ago by sky watchers, including astronomer Johannes Kepler. The combined image unveils a bubble-shaped shroud of gas and dust that is 14 light-years wide and is expanding at 4 million miles per hour (2,000 kilometers per second). Observations from each telescope highlight distinct features of the supernova remnant, a fast-moving shell of iron-rich material from the exploded star, surrounded by an expanding shock wave that is sweeping up interstellar gas and dust. Each color in this image represents a different region of the electromagnetic spectrum, from X-rays to infrared light. These diverse colors are shown in the panel of photographs below the composite image. The X-ray and infrared data cannot be seen with the human eye. By color-coding those data and combining them with Hubble's visible-light view, astronomers are presenting a more complete picture of the supernova remnant. Visible-light images from the Hubble telescope (colored yellow) reveal where the supernova shock wave is slamming into the densest regions of surrounding gas. The bright glowing knots are dense clumps from instabilities that form behind the shock wave. The Hubble data also show thin filaments of gas that look like rippled sheets seen edge-on. These filaments reveal where the shock wave is encountering lower-density, more uniform interstellar material. The Spitzer telescope shows microscopic dust particles (colored red) that have been heated by the supernova shock wave. The dust re-radiates the shock wave's energy as infrared light. The Spitzer data are brightest in the regions surrounding those seen in detail by the Hubble telescope. The Chandra X-ray data show regions of very hot gas, and extremely high-energy particles. The hottest gas (higher-energy X-rays, colored blue) is located primarily in the regions directly behind the shock front. These regions also show up in the Hubble observations, and also align with the faint rim of glowing material seen in the Spitzer data. The X-rays from the region on the lower left (colored blue) may be dominated by extremely high-energy electrons that were produced by the shock wave and are radiating at radio through X-ray wavelengths as they spiral in the intensified magnetic field behind the shock front. Cooler X-ray gas (lower-energy X-rays, colored green) resides in a thick interior shell and marks the location of heated material expelled from the exploded star. Kepler's supernova, the last such object seen to explode in our Milky Way galaxy, resides about 13,000 light-years away in the constellation Ophiuchus. The Chandra observations were taken in June 2000, the Hubble in August 2003, and the Spitzer in August 2004.
Three Great Eye …
PIA06907
Chandra X-Ray T …
Title Three Great Eyes on Kepler's Supernova Remnant
Original Caption Released with Image Composite NASA's three Great Observatories -- the Hubble Space Telescope, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory -- joined forces to probe the expanding remains of a supernova, called Kepler's supernova remnant, first seen 400 years ago by sky watchers, including astronomer Johannes Kepler. The combined image unveils a bubble-shaped shroud of gas and dust that is 14 light-years wide and is expanding at 4 million miles per hour (2,000 kilometers per second). Observations from each telescope highlight distinct features of the supernova remnant, a fast-moving shell of iron-rich material from the exploded star, surrounded by an expanding shock wave that is sweeping up interstellar gas and dust. Each color in this image represents a different region of the electromagnetic spectrum, from X-rays to infrared light. These diverse colors are shown in the panel of photographs below the composite image. The X-ray and infrared data cannot be seen with the human eye. By color-coding those data and combining them with Hubble's visible-light view, astronomers are presenting a more complete picture of the supernova remnant. Visible-light images from the Hubble telescope (colored yellow) reveal where the supernova shock wave is slamming into the densest regions of surrounding gas. The bright glowing knots are dense clumps from instabilities that form behind the shock wave. The Hubble data also show thin filaments of gas that look like rippled sheets seen edge-on. These filaments reveal where the shock wave is encountering lower-density, more uniform interstellar material. The Spitzer telescope shows microscopic dust particles (colored red) that have been heated by the supernova shock wave. The dust re-radiates the shock wave's energy as infrared light. The Spitzer data are brightest in the regions surrounding those seen in detail by the Hubble telescope. The Chandra X-ray data show regions of very hot gas, and extremely high-energy particles. The hottest gas (higher-energy X-rays, colored blue) is located primarily in the regions directly behind the shock front. These regions also show up in the Hubble observations, and also align with the faint rim of glowing material seen in the Spitzer data. The X-rays from the region on the lower left (colored blue) may be dominated by extremely high-energy electrons that were produced by the shock wave and are radiating at radio through X-ray wavelengths as they spiral in the intensified magnetic field behind the shock front. Cooler X-ray gas (lower-energy X-rays, colored green) resides in a thick interior shell and marks the location of heated material expelled from the exploded star. Kepler's supernova, the last such object seen to explode in our Milky Way galaxy, resides about 13,000 light-years away in the constellation Ophiuchus. The Chandra observations were taken in June 2000, the Hubble in August 2003, and the Spitzer in August 2004.
Three Great Eye …
PIA06907
Chandra X-Ray T …
Title Three Great Eyes on Kepler's Supernova Remnant
Original Caption Released with Image Composite NASA's three Great Observatories -- the Hubble Space Telescope, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory -- joined forces to probe the expanding remains of a supernova, called Kepler's supernova remnant, first seen 400 years ago by sky watchers, including astronomer Johannes Kepler. The combined image unveils a bubble-shaped shroud of gas and dust that is 14 light-years wide and is expanding at 4 million miles per hour (2,000 kilometers per second). Observations from each telescope highlight distinct features of the supernova remnant, a fast-moving shell of iron-rich material from the exploded star, surrounded by an expanding shock wave that is sweeping up interstellar gas and dust. Each color in this image represents a different region of the electromagnetic spectrum, from X-rays to infrared light. These diverse colors are shown in the panel of photographs below the composite image. The X-ray and infrared data cannot be seen with the human eye. By color-coding those data and combining them with Hubble's visible-light view, astronomers are presenting a more complete picture of the supernova remnant. Visible-light images from the Hubble telescope (colored yellow) reveal where the supernova shock wave is slamming into the densest regions of surrounding gas. The bright glowing knots are dense clumps from instabilities that form behind the shock wave. The Hubble data also show thin filaments of gas that look like rippled sheets seen edge-on. These filaments reveal where the shock wave is encountering lower-density, more uniform interstellar material. The Spitzer telescope shows microscopic dust particles (colored red) that have been heated by the supernova shock wave. The dust re-radiates the shock wave's energy as infrared light. The Spitzer data are brightest in the regions surrounding those seen in detail by the Hubble telescope. The Chandra X-ray data show regions of very hot gas, and extremely high-energy particles. The hottest gas (higher-energy X-rays, colored blue) is located primarily in the regions directly behind the shock front. These regions also show up in the Hubble observations, and also align with the faint rim of glowing material seen in the Spitzer data. The X-rays from the region on the lower left (colored blue) may be dominated by extremely high-energy electrons that were produced by the shock wave and are radiating at radio through X-ray wavelengths as they spiral in the intensified magnetic field behind the shock front. Cooler X-ray gas (lower-energy X-rays, colored green) resides in a thick interior shell and marks the location of heated material expelled from the exploded star. Kepler's supernova, the last such object seen to explode in our Milky Way galaxy, resides about 13,000 light-years away in the constellation Ophiuchus. The Chandra observations were taken in June 2000, the Hubble in August 2003, and the Spitzer in August 2004.
Three Great Eye …
PIA06907
Chandra X-Ray T …
Title Three Great Eyes on Kepler's Supernova Remnant
Original Caption Released with Image Composite NASA's three Great Observatories -- the Hubble Space Telescope, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory -- joined forces to probe the expanding remains of a supernova, called Kepler's supernova remnant, first seen 400 years ago by sky watchers, including astronomer Johannes Kepler. The combined image unveils a bubble-shaped shroud of gas and dust that is 14 light-years wide and is expanding at 4 million miles per hour (2,000 kilometers per second). Observations from each telescope highlight distinct features of the supernova remnant, a fast-moving shell of iron-rich material from the exploded star, surrounded by an expanding shock wave that is sweeping up interstellar gas and dust. Each color in this image represents a different region of the electromagnetic spectrum, from X-rays to infrared light. These diverse colors are shown in the panel of photographs below the composite image. The X-ray and infrared data cannot be seen with the human eye. By color-coding those data and combining them with Hubble's visible-light view, astronomers are presenting a more complete picture of the supernova remnant. Visible-light images from the Hubble telescope (colored yellow) reveal where the supernova shock wave is slamming into the densest regions of surrounding gas. The bright glowing knots are dense clumps from instabilities that form behind the shock wave. The Hubble data also show thin filaments of gas that look like rippled sheets seen edge-on. These filaments reveal where the shock wave is encountering lower-density, more uniform interstellar material. The Spitzer telescope shows microscopic dust particles (colored red) that have been heated by the supernova shock wave. The dust re-radiates the shock wave's energy as infrared light. The Spitzer data are brightest in the regions surrounding those seen in detail by the Hubble telescope. The Chandra X-ray data show regions of very hot gas, and extremely high-energy particles. The hottest gas (higher-energy X-rays, colored blue) is located primarily in the regions directly behind the shock front. These regions also show up in the Hubble observations, and also align with the faint rim of glowing material seen in the Spitzer data. The X-rays from the region on the lower left (colored blue) may be dominated by extremely high-energy electrons that were produced by the shock wave and are radiating at radio through X-ray wavelengths as they spiral in the intensified magnetic field behind the shock front. Cooler X-ray gas (lower-energy X-rays, colored green) resides in a thick interior shell and marks the location of heated material expelled from the exploded star. Kepler's supernova, the last such object seen to explode in our Milky Way galaxy, resides about 13,000 light-years away in the constellation Ophiuchus. The Chandra observations were taken in June 2000, the Hubble in August 2003, and the Spitzer in August 2004.
Three Great Eye …
PIA06907
Chandra X-Ray T …
Title Three Great Eyes on Kepler's Supernova Remnant
Original Caption Released with Image Composite NASA's three Great Observatories -- the Hubble Space Telescope, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory -- joined forces to probe the expanding remains of a supernova, called Kepler's supernova remnant, first seen 400 years ago by sky watchers, including astronomer Johannes Kepler. The combined image unveils a bubble-shaped shroud of gas and dust that is 14 light-years wide and is expanding at 4 million miles per hour (2,000 kilometers per second). Observations from each telescope highlight distinct features of the supernova remnant, a fast-moving shell of iron-rich material from the exploded star, surrounded by an expanding shock wave that is sweeping up interstellar gas and dust. Each color in this image represents a different region of the electromagnetic spectrum, from X-rays to infrared light. These diverse colors are shown in the panel of photographs below the composite image. The X-ray and infrared data cannot be seen with the human eye. By color-coding those data and combining them with Hubble's visible-light view, astronomers are presenting a more complete picture of the supernova remnant. Visible-light images from the Hubble telescope (colored yellow) reveal where the supernova shock wave is slamming into the densest regions of surrounding gas. The bright glowing knots are dense clumps from instabilities that form behind the shock wave. The Hubble data also show thin filaments of gas that look like rippled sheets seen edge-on. These filaments reveal where the shock wave is encountering lower-density, more uniform interstellar material. The Spitzer telescope shows microscopic dust particles (colored red) that have been heated by the supernova shock wave. The dust re-radiates the shock wave's energy as infrared light. The Spitzer data are brightest in the regions surrounding those seen in detail by the Hubble telescope. The Chandra X-ray data show regions of very hot gas, and extremely high-energy particles. The hottest gas (higher-energy X-rays, colored blue) is located primarily in the regions directly behind the shock front. These regions also show up in the Hubble observations, and also align with the faint rim of glowing material seen in the Spitzer data. The X-rays from the region on the lower left (colored blue) may be dominated by extremely high-energy electrons that were produced by the shock wave and are radiating at radio through X-ray wavelengths as they spiral in the intensified magnetic field behind the shock front. Cooler X-ray gas (lower-energy X-rays, colored green) resides in a thick interior shell and marks the location of heated material expelled from the exploded star. Kepler's supernova, the last such object seen to explode in our Milky Way galaxy, resides about 13,000 light-years away in the constellation Ophiuchus. The Chandra observations were taken in June 2000, the Hubble in August 2003, and the Spitzer in August 2004.
Happy Sweet Six …
Title Happy Sweet Sixteen, Hubble Telescope!
Spitzer and Hub …
Title Spitzer and Hubble Team Up to Find "Big Baby" Galaxies in the Newborn Universe
Death Star" Gal …
Title Death Star" Galaxy Black Hole Fires at Neighboring Galaxy
The Universe's …
Title The Universe's First Fireworks
Description The right panel is an image from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope of stars and galaxies in the Ursa Major constellation. This infrared image covers a region of space so large that light would take up to 100 million years to travel across it. The left panel is the same image after stars, galaxies and other sources were masked out. The remaining background light is from a period of time when the universe was less than one billion years old, and most likely originated from the universe's very first groups of objects -- either huge stars or voracious black holes. Darker shades in the image on the left correspond to dimmer parts of the background glow, while yellow and white show the brightest light.
The Universe's …
Title The Universe's First Fireworks
Description The right panel is an image from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope of stars and galaxies in the Ursa Major constellation. This infrared image covers a region of space so large that light would take up to 100 million years to travel across it. The left panel is the same image after stars, galaxies and other sources were masked out. The remaining background light is from a period of time when the universe was less than one billion years old, and most likely originated from the universe's very first groups of objects -- either huge stars or voracious black holes. Darker shades in the image on the left correspond to dimmer parts of the background glow, while yellow and white show the brightest light.
The Universe's …
Title The Universe's First Fireworks
Description The right panel is an image from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope of stars and galaxies in the Ursa Major constellation. This infrared image covers a region of space so large that light would take up to 100 million years to travel across it. The left panel is the same image after stars, galaxies and other sources were masked out. The remaining background light is from a period of time when the universe was less than one billion years old, and most likely originated from the universe's very first groups of objects -- either huge stars or voracious black holes. Darker shades in the image on the left correspond to dimmer parts of the background glow, while yellow and white show the brightest light.
Cartwheel of Fo …
Title Cartwheel of Fortune
Explanation By chance, a collision [ http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/galaxies/ colliding.html ] of two galaxies has created a surprisingly recognizable shape on a cosmic scale - The Cartwheel Galaxy [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/ 1995/02 ]. The Cartwheel is part of a group of galaxies about 400 million light years away in the constellation Sculptor [ http://hawastsoc.org/deepsky/scl/index.html ] (two smaller galaxies in the group are visible below and left). Its rim is an immense ring-like structure over 100,000 light years in diameter, composed of star forming regions filled with extremely bright, massive stars. When galaxies collide [ http://www.astro.umd.edu/education/astro/gal/ interact.html ] they pass through [ http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/models/models.html ] each other, their individual stars do not come into contact. However, this ring-like shape is the result of gravitational [ http://www.public.iastate.edu/~curt/cg/ section1.html ] disruption caused by a smaller galaxy [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap970224.html ] passing through a large one, compressing the interstellar gas and dust and causing a star formation wave to move out like a ripple across the surface of a pond. This false-color composite [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2006/cartwheel/ ] image of the Cartwheel Galaxy is from space-based observatories. The Chandra X-ray Observatory data is [ http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0407446 ] in purple, the Galaxy Evolution Explorer [ http://www.galex.caltech.edu/ABOUT/about.html ] ultraviolet view is in blue, the Hubble Space Telescope visible [ http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l2/ emspectrum.html ] light picture is in green and the Spitzer Space Telescope infrared [ http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/ ] image is in red.
Hubble Approach …
Title Hubble Approaches the Final Frontier: The Dawn of Galaxies
Hubble Approach …
Title Hubble Approaches the Final Frontier: The Dawn of Galaxies
Spitzer and Hub …
Title Spitzer and Hubble Team Up to Find "Big Baby" Galaxies in the Newborn Universe
Hubble Spies Sh …
Title Hubble Spies Shells of Sparkling Stars Around Quasar
Hubble Spies Sh …
Title Hubble Spies Shells of Sparkling Stars Around Quasar
Hubble Spies Sh …
Title Hubble Spies Shells of Sparkling Stars Around Quasar
Astronomers Fin …
Title Astronomers Find One of the Youngest and Brightest Galaxies in the Early Universe
Astronomers Fin …
Title Astronomers Find One of the Youngest and Brightest Galaxies in the Early Universe
Hubble Maps the …
Title Hubble Maps the Cosmic Web of "Clumpy" Dark Matter in 3-D
General Information What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. An international team of astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has created a three-dimensional map that provides the first direct look at the large-scale distribution of dark matter in the universe. Read more: * NASA Press Release [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/01/text/ ] * The Full Story [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/01/full/ ]
Kepler's SNR fr …
Title Kepler's SNR from Chandra, Hubble, and Spitzer
Explanation Light from the stellar explosion that created this energized cosmic cloud was first seen on planet Earth in October 1604, a mere four hundred years ago [ http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0410081 ]. The supernova produced a bright new star [ http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/Media/releases/ ssc2004-15/ssc2004-15c.shtml ] in early 17th century skies within the constellation Ophiuchus. It was studied by astronomer Johannes Kepler [ http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/kepler.html ] and his contemporaries, with out the benefit of a telescope, as they searched for an explanation of the heavenly apparition. Armed with a modern understanding [ http://rsd-www.nrl.navy.mil/7212/montes/sne.html ] of stellar evolution, early 21st century astronomers continue to explore the expanding debris cloud, but can now use orbiting space telescopes to survey Kepler's supernova remnant (SNR) across the spectrum [ http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/ multiwavelength_astronomy/multiwavelength_astronomy/ index.html ]. In this tantalizing composite image, x-rays [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2004/kepler/ ], visible [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/ 2004/29/ ] light, and infrared [ http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/Media/releases/ssc2004-15/ ssc2004-15a.shtml ] radiation recorded by NASA's astrophysical observatories - the Chandra [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/ ] X-Ray Observatory, Hubble [ http://hubblesite.org/ ] and Spitzer [ http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/ ] space telescopes - are combined to give a more comprehensive view of the still enigmatic supernova remnant. About 13,000 light years away, Kepler's supernova [ http://www.seds.org/~spider/spider/Vars/ sn1604.html ] represents the most recent stellar explosion seen to occur within [ http://www.mrao.cam.ac.uk/surveys/snrs/ ] our Milky Way galaxy.
Mystery Solved: …
Title Mystery Solved: High-Energy Fireworks Linked to Massive Star Cluster
General Information What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. Call it the Bermuda Triangle of our Milky Way Galaxy: a tiny patch of sky that has been known for years to be the source of the mysterious blasts of X-rays and gamma rays. Now, a team of astronomers, led by Don Figer of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., has solved the mystery by identifying one of the most massive star clusters in the galaxy. The little-known cluster, which has not been catalogued, is about 20 times more massive than typical star clusters in our galaxy, and appears to be the source of the powerful outbursts. Supporting evidence for the hefty weight of this cluster is the presence of 14 red supergiants, hefty stars that have reached the end of their lives. They bloat up to about 100 times their normal size before exploding as supernovae. This image shows the star-studded region surrounding the massive star cluster. The bluish cluster is inside the white box. A close-up of the cluster can be seen in the inset photo. Read more: * The Full Story [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2006/03/full/ ]
Mystery Solved: …
Title Mystery Solved: High-Energy Fireworks Linked to Massive Star Cluster
General Information What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. Call it the Bermuda Triangle of our Milky Way Galaxy: a tiny patch of sky that has been known for years to be the source of the mysterious blasts of X-rays and gamma rays. Now, a team of astronomers, led by Don Figer of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., has solved the mystery by identifying one of the most massive star clusters in the galaxy. The little-known cluster, which has not been catalogued, is about 20 times more massive than typical star clusters in our galaxy, and appears to be the source of the powerful outbursts. Supporting evidence for the hefty weight of this cluster is the presence of 14 red supergiants, hefty stars that have reached the end of their lives. They bloat up to about 100 times their normal size before exploding as supernovae. This image shows the star-studded region surrounding the massive star cluster. The bluish cluster is inside the white box. A close-up of the cluster can be seen in the inset photo. Read more: * The Full Story [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2006/03/full/ ]
Mystery Solved: …
Title Mystery Solved: High-Energy Fireworks Linked to Massive Star Cluster
General Information What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. Call it the Bermuda Triangle of our Milky Way Galaxy: a tiny patch of sky that has been known for years to be the source of the mysterious blasts of X-rays and gamma rays. Now, a team of astronomers, led by Don Figer of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., has solved the mystery by identifying one of the most massive star clusters in the galaxy. The little-known cluster, which has not been catalogued, is about 20 times more massive than typical star clusters in our galaxy, and appears to be the source of the powerful outbursts. Supporting evidence for the hefty weight of this cluster is the presence of 14 red supergiants, hefty stars that have reached the end of their lives. They bloat up to about 100 times their normal size before exploding as supernovae. This image shows the star-studded region surrounding the massive star cluster. The bluish cluster is inside the white box. A close-up of the cluster can be seen in the inset photo. Read more: * The Full Story [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2006/03/full/ ]
Death Star" Gal …
Title Death Star" Galaxy Black Hole Fires at Neighboring Galaxy
Hubble Approach …
Title Hubble Approaches the Final Frontier: The Dawn of Galaxies
Mystery Solved: …
Title Mystery Solved: High-Energy Fireworks Linked to Massive Star Cluster
General Information What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. Call it the Bermuda Triangle of our Milky Way Galaxy: a tiny patch of sky that has been known for years to be the source of the mysterious blasts of X-rays and gamma rays. Now, a team of astronomers, led by Don Figer of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., has solved the mystery by identifying one of the most massive star clusters in the galaxy. The little-known cluster, which has not been catalogued, is about 20 times more massive than typical star clusters in our galaxy, and appears to be the source of the powerful outbursts. Supporting evidence for the hefty weight of this cluster is the presence of 14 red supergiants, hefty stars that have reached the end of their lives. They bloat up to about 100 times their normal size before exploding as supernovae. This image shows the star-studded region surrounding the massive star cluster. The bluish cluster is inside the white box. A close-up of the cluster can be seen in the inset photo. Read more: * The Full Story [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2006/03/full/ ]
Galaxy Mission …
PIA09337
GALEX Telescope
Title Galaxy Mission Completes Four Star-Studded Years in Space
Original Caption Released with Image NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer is celebrating its fourth year in space with some of M81's "hottest" stars. In a new ultraviolet image, the magnificent M81 spiral galaxy is shown at the center. The orbiting observatory spies the galaxy's "sizzling young starlets" as wisps of bluish-white swirling around a central golden glow. The tints of gold at M81's center come from a "senior citizen" population of smoldering stars. "This is a spectacular view of M81," says Dr. John Huchra, of the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Mass. "When we proposed to observe this galaxy with GALEX we hoped to see globular clusters, open clusters, and young stars...this view is everything that we were hoping for." The image is one of thousands gathered so far by GALEX, which launched April 28, 2003. This mission uses ultraviolet wavelengths to measure the history of star formation 80 percent of the way back to the Big Bang. The large fluffy bluish-white material to the left of M81 is a neighboring galaxy called Holmberg IX. This galaxy is practically invisible to the naked human eye. However, it is illuminated brilliantly in GALEX's wide ultraviolet eyes. Its ultraviolet colors show that it is actively forming young stars. The bluish-white fuzz in the space surrounding M81 and Holmberg IX is new star formation triggered by gravitational interactions between the two galaxies. Huchra notes that the active star formation in Holmberg IX is a surprise, and says that more research needs to be done in light of the new findings from GALEX. "Some astronomers suspect that the galaxy Holmberg IX is the result of a galactic interaction between M81 and another neighboring galaxy M82," says Huchra. "This particular galaxy is especially important because there are a lot of galaxies like Holmberg IX around our Milky Way galaxy. By understanding how Holmberg IX came to be, we hope to understand how all the little galaxies surrounding the Milky Way developed.""Four years after GALEX's launch, the spacecraft is performing magnificently. The mission results have been simply amazing as it helps us to unlock the secrets of galaxies, the building blocks of our universe," says Kerry Erickson, GALEX project manager. M81 and Holberg IX are located approximately 12 million light-years away in the northern constellation Ursa Major. In addition to leading the GALEX observations of M81, Huchra and his team also took observations of the region with NASA's Spitzer and Hubble space telescopes. By combining all these views of M81, Huchra hopes to gain a better understanding about how M81 has developed into the spiral galaxy we see today. The California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Calif., leads the Galaxy Evolution Explorer mission and is responsible for science operations and data analysis. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, also in Pasadena, manages the mission and built the science instrument. The mission was developed under NASA's Explorers Program, managed by the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. Researchers from South Korea and France collaborated on this mission.
Hubble Approach …
Title Hubble Approaches the Final Frontier: The Dawn of Galaxies
Hubble Pinpoint …
Title Hubble Pinpoints Doomed Star that Explodes as Supernova
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