Search Results: All Fields similar to 'Space and Shuttle' and Where equal to 'Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)'

NASA TV's This Week at NASA, …

Scientists now believe Earth …

04/09/10

Description	Scientists now believe Earth's nearest neighbor Venus is more like our planet than they previously thought. New findings based on pictures and infrared imagery captured by the European Space Agency's Venus Express mission and NASA's Magellan spacecraft confirm that Venus is not a cold rock but a dynamic host of active volcanoes like those found in Hawaii. * Opportunity, the Mars Exploration Rover, has reached another milestone in its travels around the Red Planet. The rover has covered more than twelve-and-a-half miles since landing on Mars six years ago. * The first, full-scale, friction stir welded and spun-formed tank dome was unveiled by NASA and its partners at a special ceremony at the Marshall Space Flight Center. * Four members of the STS-130 Endeavour space shuttle crew expressed their appreciation for employees of the Marshall Space Flight Center during a recent visit. The crew thanked employees for supporting the successful February mission to the International Space Station. Among other contributions, Marshall provided the three main engines that powered the crew on their 14-day mission. * Twenty-nine years ago, on April 12, 1981, space shuttle Columbia was launched from the Kennedy Space Center. Commanded by Gemini and Apollo veteran John Young and piloted by first-time flyer Bob Crippen, this first space shuttle mission, STS-1, was also the first U.S. manned orbital space flight since the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project almost six years earlier.
Date	04/09/10

NASA TV's This Week @NASA, J …

Soyuz Commander Fyodor Yurch …

06/18/10

Description	Soyuz Commander Fyodor Yurchikhin and NASA Flight Engineers Doug Wheelock and Shannon Walker got a warm welcome from the resident Expedition 24 crew after arriving at the International Space Station. * The Glenn Research Center held a 'Mail Room Mayday.'The drill was a test of cutting- edge robotic technology to detect a simulated biological contaminant in the center's mailroom.* The STS-134 crew traveled to the Stennis Space Center on June 11 for a preflight visit with employees. STS-134 is the last scheduled mission of the Space Shuttle Program.* A video program sponsored by NASA and the National Institute of Aerospace aimed at helping high school students learn about science, technology, engineering and mathematics, STEM, has won a regional Emmy television award.* Making robots, building lunar landers, and competing in a paper airplane contest was all part of the fun and educational activities at the Marshall Space Flight Center's annual ''Take Our Children to Work Day''
Date	06/18/10

Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) Test Firing

Space Shuttle Main Engine (S …

Title	Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) Test Firing
Full Description	A Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) undergoing a full power level 290.04 second test firing at the National Space Technology Laboratories (currently called the Stennis Space Center) in Mississippi. The firings were part of a series of developmental testing designed to increase the amount of thrust available to the Shuttle from its three main engines. The additional thrust allowed the Shuttle to launch heavier payloads into orbit. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) had management responsibility of Space Shuttle propulsion elements, including the Main Engines.
Date	5/21/1981
NASA Center	Marshall Space Flight Center

Space Shuttle Main Engine Te …

Title	Space Shuttle Main Engine Test Firing
Full Description	On the 25th Anniversary of the Apollo 11 (the first moon landing mission) launch, Marshall Space & Flight Center celebrated with a test firing of the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) at the Technology Test Bed (TTB). This drew a large crowd who stood in the fields around the test site and watched as plumes of white smoke verified ignition.
Date	7/20/1994
NASA Center	Marshall Space Flight Center

Shuttle Transported to Cape

Name of Image	Shuttle Transported to Cape
Date of Image	1999-11-24
Full Description	In this Quick Time movie, a Space Shuttle is piggy-backed aboard a Boeing 747 airliner. The shuttle is being ferried to Kennedy Space Center for launch preparations. The shuttle is accompanied by a T-38 trainer, flown by NASA pilots.

The First Space Shuttle Exte …

Title	The First Space Shuttle External Tank
Full Description	The first Space Shuttle External Tank (ET), the Main Propulsion Test Article (MPTA), rolls off the assembly line on September 9, 1977 at Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans, Louisiana. The MPTA was then transported to the National Space Technology Laboratories (currently called Stennis Space Center) in southern Mississippi where it was used in the static test firing of the Shuttle's cluster of three main engines. Marshall Space Flight Center was responsible for developing the External Tank. External Tank contains two tanks, one for liquid hydrogen and one for liquid oxygen, and a plumbing system that supplies propellant to the Main Engines of the Space Shuttle Orbiter.
Date	9/9/1977
NASA Center	Marshall Space Flight Center

Space Shuttle Enterprise Lifted into Dynamic Test Stand

Space Shuttle Enterprise Lif …

Title	Space Shuttle Enterprise Lifted into Dynamic Test Stand
Full Description	Aerial view of Shuttle Orbiter Enterprise being hoisted into Marshall's Dynamic Test Stand for the Mated Vertical Ground Vibration test (MVGVT). The test marked the first time ever that the entire Space Shuttle elements, an Orbiter, an External Tank (ET), and two Solid Rocket Boosters (SRB), were mated together. Purpose of the vibration tests was to verify that the Space Shuttle performed its launch configuration as predicted.
Date	10/4/1978
NASA Center	Marshall Space Flight Center

Shuttle Transported to Cape

Name of Image	Shuttle Transported to Cape
Date of Image	1999-11-24
Full Description	In this Quick Time movie, a Space Shuttle is piggy-backed aboard a Boeing 747 airliner. The shuttle is being ferried to Kennedy Space Center for launch preparations.

Space Shuttle-Illustration

Name of Image	Space Shuttle-Illustration
Date of Image	2001-01-01
Full Description	The Space Shuttle represented an entirely new generation of space vehicles, the world's first reusable spacecraft. Unlike earlier expendable rockets, the Shuttle was designed to be launched over and over again and would serve as a system for ferrying payloads and persornel to and from Earth orbit. The Shuttle's major components are the orbiter spacecraft, the three main engines, with a combined thrust of more than 1.2 million pounds, the huge external tank (ET) that feeds the liquid hydrogen fuel and liquid oxygen oxidizer to the three main engines, and the two solid rocket boosters (SRB's), with their combined thrust of some 5.8 million pounds, that provide most of the power for the first two minutes of flight. Crucially involved with the Space Shuttle program virtually from its inception, the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) played a leading role in the design, development, testing, and fabrication of many major Shuttle propulsion components. The MSFC was assigned responsibility for developing the Shuttle orbiter's high-performance main engines, the most complex rocket engines ever built. The MSFC was also responsible for developing the Shuttle's massive ET and the solid rocket motors and boosters.

Orbiter Model in Wind Tunnel

Title	Orbiter Model in Wind Tunnel
Full Description	Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) engineer holding a replica of the proposed Liquid Booster Module, observes the testing of a small Space Shuttle orbiter model at 14 Wind Tunnel at MSFC. 14 Wind Tunnel is a trisonic wind tunnel, which is capable of running subsonic, transonic, and supersonic. It is used to test the integrity of rockets and launch vehicles in launch and reentry environments. The Wind Tunnel was used to test rockets and launch vehicles from the Jupiter C through the Saturn family up to the current Space Shuttle and will be used to test future advanced launch vehicles.
Date	04/1/1980
NASA Center	Marshall Space Flight Center

Space Station Shows Off New …

Title	Space Station Shows Off New Robot Arm
Explanation	The International Space Station (ISS) continues to grow. Last month, the crew of the Space Shuttle Endeavor [ http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/resources/orbiters/endeavour.html ] delivered new Logistics Modules [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/assembly/elements/mplm/ ] and installed the new Canadarm2 [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/assembly/elements/mss/index.html ] on the growing outpost. The ISS [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010430.html ] -- complete with its new arm -- was photographed [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-100/html/s100e5958.html ] 400 kilometers above planet Earth by the Space Shuttle Endeavor [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/archives/sts-100/index.html ] crew soon after they undocked. The shuttle then flew around the station [ http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/spacestation/ ] for a survey. Three members of the Expedition Two Crew [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp2/index.html ] remain aboard the ISS running scientific experiments [ http://www.scipoc.msfc.nasa.gov/ ] and unpacking [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/spacenews/reports/issreports/2001/iss01-11.html ] over two tons of material delivered by the shuttle. The next shuttle [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/ ] scheduled to visit the ISS [ http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/ISS_OVR/ ] will be Atlantis [ http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/resources/orbiters/atlantis.html ] in June.

Space Shuttle Vehicle Illust …

Name of Image	Space Shuttle Vehicle Illustration
Date of Image	1975-01-01
Full Description	The Space Shuttle represented an entirely new generation of space vehicle, the world's first reusable spacecraft. Unlike earlier expendable rockets, the Shuttle was designed to be launched over and over again and would serve as a system for ferrying payloads and persornel to and from Earth orbit. The Shuttle's major components are the orbiter spacecraft, the three main engines, with a combined thrust of more than 1.2 million pounds, the huge external tank (ET) that feeds the liquid hydrogen fuel and liquid oxygen oxidizer to the three main engines, and the two solid rocket boosters (SRB's), with their combined thrust of some 5.8 million pounds. The SRB's provide most of the power for the first two minutes of flight. Crucially involved with the Space Shuttle program virtually from its inception, the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) played a leading role in the design, development, testing, and fabrication of many major Shuttle propulsion components. The MSFC was assigned responsibility for developing the Shuttle orbiter's high-performance main engines, the most complex rocket engines ever built. The MSFC was also responsible for developing the Shuttle's massive ET and the solid rocket motors and boosters.

SPACEHAB in Columbia's Paylo …

Name of Image	SPACEHAB in Columbia's Payload Bay
Date of Image	2003-01-01
Full Description	The Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia STS-107 mission, launched January 16, 2003, is strictly a multidiscipline microgravity and Earth science research mission involving 80-plus International experiments tp be performed during 16-days, many of which will be managed by the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. The majority of the research will be conducted in the Shuttle's middeck, the area directly under the cockpit, and in the new SPACEHAB Research Double Module. This is the first flight for that module, which doubles the volume available for experiments and significantly increases the amount and complexity of research from the last dedicated Shuttle science mission, STS-95, flown in 1998 with a single SPACEHAB module. The pressurized module is carried in Columbia's payload bay and is accessible to the crew via a turnel from the Shuttle's middeck. This onboard photo shows the SPACEHAB Research Double Module in Columbia's payload bay, back dropped by the shuttle vertical stabilizer, the blackness of space, and a thin slice of Earth's horizon. The first shuttle mission in 2003, the STS-107 mission marks the 113th flight overall in NASA's Space Shuttle program, and the 28th flight of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia.

STS-1 Launch

Name of Image	STS-1 Launch
Date of Image	1981-04-12
Full Description	The new era in space flight began on April 12, 1981. That is when the first Space Shuttle mission (STS-1) was launched. The Marshall Space Flight Center developed the propulsion system for the Space Shuttle. This photograph depicts the launch of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia marned with two astronauts, John Young and Robert Crippen.

Space Shuttle Endeavour laun …

Name of Image	Space Shuttle Endeavour launch
Date of Image	1992-09-12
Full Description	A smooth countdown culminated in a picture-perfect launch as the Space Shuttle Endeavour (STS-47) climbed skyward atop a ladder of billowing smoke. Primary payload for the plarned seven-day flight was Spacelab-J science laboratory. The second flight of Endeavour marks a number of historic firsts: the first space flight of an African-American woman, the first Japanese citizen to fly on a Space Shuttle, and the first married couple to fly in space.

Space Shuttle Main Engine Te …

Name of Image	Space Shuttle Main Engine Test-Firing
Date of Image	1981-01-01
Full Description	A Space Shuttle Main Engine undergoes test-firing at the National Space Technology Laboratories (now the Sternis Space Center) in Mississippi. The Marshall Space Flight Center had management responsibility of Space Shuttle propulsion elements, including the Main Engines.

Shuttle-C

Name of Image	Shuttle-C
Date of Image	1989-01-01
Full Description	In this 1989 artist's concept, the Shuttle-C floats in space with its cargo bay doors open. As envisioned by Marshall Space Flight Center plarners, the Shuttle-C would be an unmanned heavy lift cargo vehicle derived from Space Shuttle elements. The vehicle would utilize the basic Shuttle propulsion units (Solid Rocket Boosters, Space Shuttle Main Engine, External Tank), but would replace the Oribiter with an unmanned Shuttle-C Cargo Element (SCE). The SCE would have a payload bay length of eighty-two feet, compared to sixty feet for the Orbiter cargo bay, and would be able to deliver 170,000 pound payloads to low Earth orbit, more than three times the Orbiter's capacity.

Astronaut Anderson Works in …

Name of Image	Astronaut Anderson Works in SPACEHAB
Date of Image	2003-01-01
Full Description	The Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia STS-107 mission launched January 16, 2003. STS-107 is strictly a multidiscipline microgravity and Earth science research mission involving 80-plus International experiments to be performed during 16-days, many of which will be managed by the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. The majority of the research will be conducted in the Shuttle's mid deck, the area directly under the cockpit, and in the new SPACEHAB Research Double Module. This is the first flight for that module, which doubles the volume available for experiments and significantly increases the amount and complexity of research from the last dedicated Shuttle science mission, STS-95, flown in 1998 with a single SPACEHAB module. The pressurized module is carried in Columbia's payload bay and is accessible to the crew via a turnel from the Shuttle's mid deck. Pictured is an interesting view, looking through the adjoining tunnel, of astronaut Michael P. Anderson, mission specialist, performing work in SPACEHAB. The first shuttle mission in 2003, the STS-107 mission marks the 113th flight overall in NASA's Space Shuttle program, and the 28th flight of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia.

STS-114 Space Shuttle Discov …

Name of Image	STS-114 Space Shuttle Discovery Landed on Runway
Date of Image	2005-08-08
Full Description	The sun rises on the Space Shuttle Discovery as it rests on the runway at Edward?s Air Force Base in California after a safe landing at 5:11 am (PDT) on August 9, 2005. The STS-114 landing concluded a historic 14 day return to flight mission to the International Space Station (ISS) after nearly a two and one half year delay in flight after the Space Shuttle Columbia tragedy in February 2003. Three successful space walks performed during the mission included a demonstration of repair techniques to the Shuttle?s thermal tiles known as the Thermal Protection System, the replacement of a failed Control Moment Gyroscope which helps keep the station oriented properly, and the installation of the External Stowage Platform, a space ?shelf? for holding spare parts during Station construction. The shuttle?s heat shield repair was a first for Shuttle repair while still in space.

Astronaut Kalpana Chawla Mon …

Name of Image	Astronaut Kalpana Chawla Monitors Data
Date of Image	2003-01-01
Full Description	Astronaut Kalpana Chawla, STS-107 mission specialist is shown keeping up with the brisk stream of science data in the SPACEHAB Research Double Module aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia. Launched January 16, 2003, the STS-107 mission is strictly a multidiscipline microgravity and Earth science research mission involving 80-plus International experiments to be performed during 16-days, many of which will be managed by the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. The majority of the research will be conducted in the Shuttle's middeck, the area directly under the cockpit, and in the new SPACEHAB Research Double Module. This is the first flight for that module, which doubles the volume available for experiments and significantly increases the amount and complexity of research from the last dedicated Shuttle science mission, STS-95, flown in 1998 with a single SPACEHAB module. The pressurized module, carried in Columbia's payload bay, is accessible to the crew via a turnel from the Shuttle's middeck. The first shuttle mission in 2003, the STS-107 mission marks the 28th flight of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia and the 113th flight overall in NASA's Space Shuttle program.

Static Test Firing DM-2 for Solid Rocket Booster

Static Test Firing DM-2 for …

Title	Static Test Firing DM-2 for Solid Rocket Booster
Full Description	This photograph was taken during the static test firing of the DM-2 (Demonstration Motor) for the Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) at the testing ground of Thiokol Corporation near Brigham City, Utah. As one of the major components of the Space Shuttle, SRBs provide most of the power, their combined thrust of some 5.8 million pounds, for the first two minutes of flight. The SRBs take the Space Shuttle to an altitude of 28 miles and a speed of 3,094 miles per hour before they separate and fall back into the ocean to be retrieved, refurbished, and prepared for another flight. MSFC has the management responsibilities with Thiokol Corporation as the prime contractor.
Date	1/1/1978
NASA Center	Marshall Space Flight Center

Shuttle-C Launch

Name of Image	Shuttle-C Launch
Date of Image	1989-01-01
Full Description	This 1989 artist's rendering shows how a Shuttle-C would look during launch. As envisioned by Marshall Space Flight Center plarners, the Shuttle-C would be an unmanned heavy-lift cargo vehicle derived from Space Shuttle elements. The vehicle would utilize the basic Shuttle propulsion units (Solid Rocket Boosters, Space Shuttle Main Engine, External Tank), but would replace the Orbiter with an unmanned Shuttle-C Cargo Element (SCE). The SCE would have a payload bay lenght of eighty-two feet, compared to sixty feet for the Orbiter cargo bay, and would be able to deliver 170,000 pound payloads to low Earth orbit, more than three times the Orbiter's capacity.

Space Shuttle STS-78 Columbi …

Name of Image	Space Shuttle STS-78 Columbia landing
Date of Image	1996-07-07
Full Description	The longest Shuttle flight to date came to a successful close as the orbiter Columbia (STS-78) touched down on Runway 33 of the Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility. During the nearly 17-day flight, the seven crew members on board for the 78th Shuttle mission conducted extensive research in the primary payload, the Life and Microgravity Spacelab (LMS). The results from this Marshall managed payload will be sent to Marshall Space Flight Center for futher review.

Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeav …

Name of Image	Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour STS-47 Landing
Date of Image	1992-09-20
Full Description	After completion of a seven-day flight mission, the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour (STS-47) landed at Kennedy Space Center's (KSC) Shuttle Landing Facility. Spacelab-J, a joint research venture between NASA and NASDA (National Space Development Agency of Japan) completed a successful mission.

Spacelab-2 Onboard Photograp …

Name of Image	Spacelab-2 Onboard Photograph, Instrument Pointing System
Date of Image	1985-07-01
Full Description	This photograph shows the Instrument Pointing System (IPS) for Spacelab-2 being deployed in the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Challenger. The European Space Agency (ESA) developed this irnovative pointing system for the Spacelab program. Previously, instruments were pointed toward particular celestial objects or areas by maneuvering the Shuttle to an appropriate attitude. The IPS could aim instruments more accurately than the Shuttle and kept them fixed on a target as the Shuttle moved. On the first pallet, three solar instruments and one atmospheric instrument were mounted on the IPS. Spacelab-2 was the first pallet-only mission. One of the goals of the mission was to verify that the pallets' configuration was satisfactory for observations and research. Except for two biological experiments and an experiment that used ground-based instruments, the Spacelab-2 scientific instruments needed direct exposure to space. The Spacelab-2 mission was designed to capitalize on the Shuttle-Spacelab capabilities to carry very large instruments, launch and retrieve satellites, and point several instruments independently with accuracy and stability. Spacelab-2 (STS-51F, 19th Shuttle mission) was launched on July 29, 1985 aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Challenger. The Marshall Space Flight Center had overall management responsibilities of the Spacelab missions.

Spacelab-2 Onboard Photograp …

Name of Image	Spacelab-2 Onboard Photograph, Instrument Pointing System
Date of Image	1985-07-01
Full Description	This photograph shows the Instrument Pointing System (IPS) for Spacelab-2 being deployed in the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Challenger. The European Space Agency (ESA) developed this irnovative pointing system for the Spacelab program. Previously, instruments were pointed toward particular celestial objects or areas by maneuvering the Shuttle to an appropriate attitude. The IPS could aim instruments more accurately than the Shuttle and kept them fixed on a target as the Shuttle moved. On the first pallet, three solar instruments and one atmospheric instrument were mounted on the IPS. Spacelab-2 was the first pallet-only mission. One of the goals of the mission was to verify that the pallets' configuration was satisfactory for observations and research. Except for two biological experiments and an experiment that uses ground-based instruments, the Spacelab-2 scientific instruments needed direct exposure to space. The Spacelab-2 mission was designed to capitalize on the Shuttle-Spacelab capabilities to carry very large instruments, launch and retrieve satellites, and point several instruments independently with accuracy and stability. Spacelab-2 (STS-51F, 19th Shuttle mission) was launched on July 29, 1985 aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Challenger. The Marshall Space Flight Center had overall management responsibilities of the Spacelab missions.

Shuttle Transported to Cape

Name of Image	Shuttle Transported to Cape
Date of Image	1999-11-24
Full Description	In this Quick Time movie, a Space Shuttle, piggy-backed aboard a Boeing 747 airliner, lands at the Kennedy Space Center for launch preparations.

Orbiter Atlantis (STS-110) L …

Name of Image	Orbiter Atlantis (STS-110) Launch With New Block II Engines
Date of Image	2002-04-08
Full Description	Powered by three newly-enhanced Space Shuttle Maine Engines (SSMEs), called the Block II Maine Engines, the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis lifted off from the Kennedy Space Center launch pad on April 8, 2002 for the STS-110 mission. The Block II Main Engines incorporate an improved fuel pump featuring fewer welds, a stronger integral shaft/disk, and more robust bearings, making them safer and more reliable, and potentially increasing the number of flights between major overhauls. NASA continues to increase the reliability and safety of Shuttle flights through a series of enhancements to the SSME. The engines were modified in 1988 and 1995. Developed in the 1970s and managed by the Space Shuttle Projects Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center, the SSME is the world's most sophisticated reusable rocket engine. The new turbopump made by Pratt and Whitney of West Palm Beach, Florida, was tested at NASA's Stennis Space Center in Mississippi. Boeing Rocketdyne in Canoga Park, California, manufactures the SSME. This image was extracted from engineering motion picture footage taken by a tracking camera.

Space Shuttle Drawing

Name of Image	Space Shuttle Drawing
Date of Image	2004-04-15
Full Description	The Apollo program demonstrated that men could travel into space, perform useful tasks there, and return safely to Earth. But space had to be more accessible. This led to the development of the Space Shuttle. The Shuttle's major components are the orbiter spacecraft, the three main engines, with a combined thrust of more than 1.2 million pounds, the huge external tank (ET) that feeds the liquid hydrogen fuel and liquid oxygen oxidizer to the three main engines, and the two solid rocket boosters (SRBs), with their combined thrust of some 5.8 million pounds, that provide most of the power for the first two minutes of flight. Crucially involved with the Space Shuttle program virtually from its inception, the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) played a leading role in the design, development, testing, and fabrication of many major Shuttle propulsion components.

Materials Science Experiments Conducted at MSFC

Materials Science Experiment …

Title	Materials Science Experiments Conducted at MSFC
Full Description	In another first for NASA, an all-female crew of scientific experimenters began a five-day exercise on December 16, 1974, to test the feasibility of experiments that were later tested on the Space Shuttle/Spacelab missions. The experimenters, Dr. Mary H. Johnston (seated, left), Ann F. Whitaker and Carolyn S. Griner (standing, left to right), and the crew chief, Doris Chandler, spent spend eight hours each day of the mission in the Marshall Space Flight Centers General Purpose Laboratory (GPL). They conducted 11 selected experiments in materials science to determine their practical application for Spacelab missions and to identify integration and operational problems that might occur on actual missions. Inside the GPL, the four women worked under conditions simulating, as nearly as practical, those that would exist in a space station in Earth orbit, excepting, of course, weightlessness. Air circulation, temperature, humidity and other factors were carefully controlled. The test was conducted at NASAs Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, where the GPL is part of the centers Concept Verification Test (CVT), a project oriented to reducing future costs of experimentation in space by involving potential experimenters early in the development cycle of their hardware.
Date	11/13/1974
NASA Center	Marshall Space Flight Center

Female Astronauts

Title	Female Astronauts
Full Description	Astronauts Dr. N. Jan Davis (left) and Dr. Mae C. Jemison (right) were mission specialists on board the STS-47 mission. Born on November 1, 1953 in Cocoa Beach, Florida, Dr. N. Jan Davis received a Master degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1983 followed by a Doctorate in Engineering from the University of Alabama in Huntsville in 1985. In 1979 she joined NASA Marshall Space Flight Center as an aerospace engineer. A veteran of three space flights, Dr. Davis has logged over 678 hours in space since becoming an astronaut in 1987. She flew as a mission specialist on STS-47 in 1992 and STS-60 in 1994, and was the payload commander on STS-85 in 1997. In July 1999, she transferred to the Marshall Space Flight Center, where she became Director of Flight Projects. Dr. Mae C. Jemison, the first African-American woman in space, was born on October 17, 1956 in Decatur, Alabama but considers Chicago, Illinois her hometown. She received a Bachelor degree in Chemical Engineering (and completed the requirements for a Bachelor degree in African and Afro-American studies) at Stanford University in 1977, and a Doctorate degree in medicine from Cornell University in 1981. After receiving her doctorate, she worked as a General Practitioner while attending graduate engineering classes in Los Angeles. She was named an astronaut candidate in 1987, and flew her first flight as a science mission specialists on STS-47, Spacelab-J, in September 1992, logging 190 hours, 30 minutes, 23 seconds in space. In March 1993, Dr. Jemison resigned from NASA, thought she still resides in Houston, Texas. She went on to publish her memoirs, Find Where the Wind Goes: Moments from My Life, in 2001. The astronauts are shown preparing to deploy the lower body negative pressure (LBNP) apparatus in this 35mm frame taken in the science module aboard the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Endeavor. Fellow astronauts Robert L. Gibson (Commander), Curtis L. Brown (Junior Pilot), Mark C. Lee (Payload Commander), Jay Apt (Mission Specialist), and Mamoru Mohri (Payload Specialist) joined the two on their maiden space flight. The Spacelab-J mission was a joint effort between Japan and the United States.
Date	09/15/1992
NASA Center	Johnson Space Center

STS-76 Mission Insignia

Name of Image	STS-76 Mission Insignia
Date of Image	1995-11-12
Full Description	The STS-76 crew patch depicts the Space Shuttle Atlantis and Russia's Mir Space Station as the space ships prepare for a rendezvous and docking. The Spirit of 76, an era of new beginnings, is represented by the Space Shuttle rising through the circle of 13 stars in the Betsy Ross flag. STS-76 begins a new period of international cooperation in space exploration with the first Shuttle transport of a United States astronaut, Shannon W. Lucid, to the Mir Space Station for extended joint space research. Frontiers for future exploration are represented by stars and the planets. The three gold trails and the ring of stars in union form the astronaut logo. Two suited extravehicular activity (EVA) crew members in the outer ring represent the first EVA during Shuttle-Mir docked operations. The EVA objectives were to install science experiments on the Mir exterior and to develop procedures for future EVA's on the International Space Station. The surnames of the crew members encircle the patch: Kevin P. Chilton, mission commander, Richard A. Searfoss, pilot, Ronald M. Sega, Michael R. ( Rich) Clifford, Linda M. Godwin and Lucid, all mission specialists. This patch was designed by Brandon Clifford, age 12, and the crew members of STS-76.

Space Shuttle Mission Sequen …

Name of Image	Space Shuttle Mission Sequence-Illustration
Date of Image	1975-10-10
Full Description	This diagram illustrates the Space Shuttle mission sequence. The Space Shuttle was approved as a national program in 1972 and developed through the 1970s. Part spacecraft and part aircraft, the Space Shuttle orbiter, the brain and the heart of the Space Transportation System (STS), required several technological advances, including thousands of insulating tiles able to stand the heat of reentry over the course of many missions, as well as sophisticated engines that could be used again and again without being thrown away. The airplane-like orbiter has three main engines, that burn liquid hydrogen and oxygen stored in the large external tank, the single largest structure in the Shuttle. Attached to the tank are two solid rocket boosters that provide the vehecile with most of the thrust needed for liftoff. Two minutes into the flight, the spent solids drop into the ocean to be recovered and refurbished for reuse, while the orbiter engines continue burning until approximately 8 minutes into the flight. After the mission is completed, the orbiter lands on a runway like an airplane.

Space Shuttle Light Weight E …

Name of Image	Space Shuttle Light Weight External Tank Illustration
Date of Image	1976-01-01
Full Description	This is a cutaway illustration of the Space Shuttle external tank (ET) with callouts. The giant cylinder, higher than a 15-story building, with a length of 154-feet (47-meters) and a diameter of 27.5-feet (8.4-meters), is the largest single piece of the Space Shuttle. During launch, the ET also acts as a backbone for the orbiter and solid rocket boosters. Separate pressurized tank sections within the external tank hold the liquid hydrogen fuel and liquid oxygen oxidizer for the Shuttle's three main engines. During launch, the ET feeds the fuel under pressure through 17-inch (43.2-centimeter) ducts that branch off into smaller lines that feed directly into the main engines. The main engines consume 64,000 gallons (242,260 liters) of fuel each minute. Machined from aluminum alloys, the Space Shuttle's external tank is currently the only part of the launch vehicle that is not reused. After its 526,000-gallons (1,991,071 liters) of propellants are consumed during the first 8.5-minutes of flight, it is jettisoned from the orbiter and breaks up in the upper atmosphere, its pieces falling into remote ocean waters. The Marshall Space Flight Center was responsible for developing the ET.

STS-99 Crew Insignia

Name of Image	STS-99 Crew Insignia
Date of Image	1999-06-01
Full Description	The STS-99 crew members designed the flight insignia for the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), the most ambitious Earth mapping mission to date. Two radar anternas, one located in the Shuttle bay and the other located on the end of a 60-meter deployable mast, was used during the mission to map Earth's features. The goal was to provide a 3-dimensional topographic map of the world's surface up to the Arctic and Antarctic Circles. In the patch, the clear portion of Earth illustrates the radar beams penetrating its cloudy atmosphere and the unique understanding of the home planet that is provided by space travel. The grid on Earth reflects the mapping character of the SRTM mission. The patch depicts the Space Shuttle Endeavour orbiting Earth in a star spangled universe. The rainbow along Earth's horizon resembles an orbital sunrise. The crew deems the bright colors of the rainbow as symbolic of the bright future ahead because of human beings' venturing into space. The crew of six launched aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavor on February 11, 2000 and completed 222 hours of around the clock radar mapping gathering enough information to fill more than 20,000 CDs.

STS-43 Mission Insignia

Name of Image	STS-43 Mission Insignia
Date of Image	1991-02-05
Full Description	Designed by the astronauts assigned to fly on the mission, the STS 43 patch portrays the evolution and continuity of the USA's space program by highlighting 30 years of American manned space flight experience -- from Mercury to the Space Shuttle. The emergence of the Shuttle Atlantis from the outlined configuration of the Mercury space capsule commemorates this special relationship. The energy and momentum of launch are conveyed by the gradations of blue which mark the Shuttle's ascent from Earth to space. Once in Earth orbit, Atlantis' cargo bay opens to reveal the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) which appears in gold emphasis against the white wings of Atlantis and the stark blackness of space. A primary mission objective, the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) will enable almost continuous communication from Earth to space for future Space Shuttle missions. The stars on the patch are arranged to suggest this mission's numerical designation, with four stars left of Atlantis and three to the right.

Liquid Hydrogen Tank of the …

Name of Image	Liquid Hydrogen Tank of the External Tank
Date of Image	1978-03-01
Full Description	A liquid hydrogen tank of the Shuttle's external tank (ET) is installed into the S-1C Test Stand for a structural test at the Marshall Space Flight Center. At 154-feet long and more than 27-feet in diameter, the ET is the largest component of the Space Shuttle, the structural backbone of the entire Shuttle system, and is the only part of the vehicle that is not reusable. The ET is manufactured at the Michoud Assembly Facility near New Orleans, Louisiana, by the Martin Marietta Corporation under management of the Marshall Space Flight Center.

STS-41D Mission Insignia

Name of Image	STS-41D Mission Insignia
Date of Image	1984-04-24
Full Description	The official mission insignia for the 41-D Space Shuttle flight features the Discovery - NASA's third orbital vehicle - as it makes its maiden voyage. The ghost ship represents the orbiter's namesakes which have figured prominently in the history of exploration. The Space Shuttle Discovery heads for new horizons to extend that proud tradition. Surnames for the crewmembers of NASA's eleventh Space Shuttle mission encircle the red, white, and blue scene.

STS-38 Mission Insignia

Name of Image	STS-38 Mission Insignia
Date of Image	1990-07-08
Full Description	The STS-38 patch was designed to represent and pay tribute to all the men and woman who contribute to the Space Shuttle program. The top orbiter, with the stylistic Orbital Maneuvering System burn, symbolizes the continuing dynamic nature of the Space Shuttle Program. The bottom orbiter, a black and white mirror image, acknowledges the thousands of unheralded individuals who work behind the scenes in support of America's Space Shuttle program. This mirror image symbolizes the importance of their contributions.

Test panels covered with adv …

Photo Date	January 12, 1999

Test panels covered with adv …

Photo Date	January 12, 1999

Close-up of test panels cove …

Photo Date	January 12, 1999

Close-up of test panels cove …

Photo Date	January 12, 1999

Close-up of test panels cove …

Photo Date	January 12, 1999

Space Shuttle Columbia (STS- …

Name of Image	Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-52) landing
Date of Image	1997-07-17
Full Description	Framed by the Vehicle Assembly Building at right and the Mate-Demate Device at left, the Space Shuttle orbiter Columbia (STS-94) glided onto Runway 33 of Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility. On board for the reflight of STS-83 were a crew of seven and the Microgravity Science Laboratory-1 (MSL-1)which was managed by scientists and engineers from the Marshall Space Flight Center. Mission STS-94 marked the 23rd flight of Columbia and the 85th mission flown since the start of the Space Shuttle program in 1981. During the mission, the Spacelab module was used to test some of the hardware, facilities and procedures that are planned for use on the International Space Station while the flight crew conducted combustion, protein crystal growth and materials processing experiments.

STS-113 Astronaut Herrington …

Name of Image	STS-113 Astronaut Herrington Performs Third Scheduled Space Walk
Date of Image	2002-11-30
Full Description	STS-113, the 16th American assembly flight and 112th overall American flight to the International Space Station (ISS), launched on November 23, 2002 from Kennedy's launch pad 39A aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour. The main mission objective was the the installation and activation of the Port 1 Integrated Truss Assembly (P1). The first major component installed on the left side of the Station, the P1 truss provides an additional three External Thermal Control System radiators. Weighing in at 27,506 pounds, the P1 truss is 45 feet (13.7 meters) long, 15 feet (4.6 meters) wide, and 13 feet (4 meters) high. Three space walks, aided by the use of the Robotic Manipulator Systems of both the Shuttle and the Station, were performed in the installation of P1. In this photograph astronaut and mission specialist John B. Herrington, (center left frame), participates in the mission's third space walk. The forward section of the Space Shuttle Endeavour, docked to the Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA-2) on the ISS, is visible center frame. The station's Canadarm2 appears to stand in between the shuttle and Herrington.

STS-27, Orbiter Atlantis, Li …

Title	STS-27, Orbiter Atlantis, Liftoff
Full Description	Space Shuttle Atlantis takes flight on its STS-27 mission on December 2, 1988, 9:30 a.m. EST, utilizing 375,000 pounds thrust produced by its three main engines. The STS-27 was the third classified mission dedicated to the Department of Defense (DoD). After completion of mission, Orbiter Atlantis landed December 6, 1988, 3:36 p.m. PST at Edwards Air Force Base, California.
Date	12/2/1988
NASA Center	Marshall Space Flight Center

Space Shuttle Orbiter Columb …

Name of Image	Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia STS-75 Landing
Date of Image	1996-03-09
Full Description	The Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia's (STS-75) mission came to a close as the orbiter touched down on Runway 33 of Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility on March 9, 1996. Off to the right is the Vehicle Assembly Building and the Shuttle Training Aircraft (STA). The Mate/Demate Device (MDM) is at left. This Marshall Space Flight Center managed mission lasted 15 days and 17-hours, during which time the seven member crew conducted microgravity research with the U.S. Microgravity Payload (USMP-3), which flew for the third time. The other primary payload was the Tethered Satellite System (TSS-1R),a reflight from an earlier mission, but the satellite was lost when the tether broke just short of its fully deployed length of nearly 13 miles.

STS-27 Launch

Name of Image	STS-27 Launch
Date of Image	1988-12-02
Full Description	Space Shuttle Atlantis takes flight on its STS-27 mission, December 2, 1988, utilizing 375,000 pounds of thrust produced by its three main engines. The engines start in 3.9 seconds of ignition and go to static pump speeds of approximately 35,000 revolutions per minute during that time. The Marshall Space Flight Center had management responsibility of Space Shuttle propulsion elements, including the Main Engines.

Shuttle STS-61 Onboard view: …

Name of Image	Shuttle STS-61 Onboard view: Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
Date of Image	1993-12-01
Full Description	Backdropped against the Earth, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)is shown sporting new and modified solar arrays stowed against its barrel. Orbiting Earth at an altitude of 325 nautical miles, an astronaut begins other repairs of the HST while perched atop a foot restraint on shuttle Endeavour's remote manipulator system arm. The 59th and final Shuttle flight of 1993 was one of most challenging and complex marned missions ever attempted. During record five back-to-back space walks totaling 35 hours and 28 minutes, two teams of astronauts completed the first servicing of the HST. The STS-061 mission was launched aboard Space Shuttle Endeavor on December 2, 1993.

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