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The Colorful Lives of the Ou …
Title The Colorful Lives of the Outer Planets
The Colorful Lives of the Ou …
Title The Colorful Lives of the Outer Planets
Earth, Moon, and Jupiter, as …
PIA04529
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
Title Earth, Moon, and Jupiter, as seen from Mars
Original Caption Released with Image MGS MOC Release No. MOC2-368, 22 May 2003 What does Earth look like when viewed from Mars? At 13:00 GMT on 8 May 2003, the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) had an opportunity to find out. In addition, a fortuitous alignment of Earth and Jupiter--the first planetary conjunction viewed from another planet--permitted the MOC to acquire an image of both of these bodies and their larger satellites. At the time, Mars and the orbiting camera were 139 million kilometers (86 million miles) from Earth and almost 1 billion kilometers (nearly 600 million miles) from Jupiter. The orbit diagram, from 24-bit color to 8-bit color using a JPEG to GIF conversion program. These 8-bit color images were converted to 8-bit grayscale and an associated lookup table mapping each gray value of that image to a red-green-blue color triplet (RGB). Each color triplet was root-sum-squared (RSS), and sorted in increasing RSS value. These sorted lists were brightness-to-color maps for their respective images. Each brightness-to-color map was then used to convert the 8-bit grayscale MOC image to an 8-bit color image. This 8-bit color image was then converted to a 24-bit color image. The color image was edited to return the background to black. Three separate color tables were used: one each for the Earth, Moon and Jupiter. Jupiter's Galilean Satellites were not colored. To view images separately, see: Earth and Jupiter as viewed from Mars PIA04530 [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA04530 ], Earth and Moon as viewed from Mars PIA04531 [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA04531 ], Jupiter and its Galilean Satellites as viewed from Mars PIA04532 [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA04532 ]., shows the geometry at the time the images were obtained. Because Jupiter is over 5 times farther from the Sun than Earth, two different exposures were needed to image the two planets. The images are shown mosaiced together. The composite has been highly contrast-enhanced and "colorized" to show both planets and their satellites. The MGS MOC high resolution camera only takes grayscale (black-and-white) images, the color was derived from Mariner 10 and Cassini pictures of Earth/Moon and Jupiter, respectively, as described in the note below. Earth/Moon: This is the first image of Earth ever taken from another planet that actually shows our home as a planetary disk. Because Earth and the Moon are closer to the Sun than Mars, they exhibit phases, just as the Moon, Venus, and Mercury do when viewed from Earth. As seen from Mars by MGS on 8 May 2003 at 13:00 GMT (6:00 AM PDT), Earth and the Moon appeared in the evening sky. The MOC Earth/Moon image has been specially processed to allow both Earth (with an apparent magnitude of -2.5) and the much darker Moon (with an apparent magnitude of +0.9) to be visible together. The bright area at the top of the image of Earth is cloud cover over central and eastern North America. Below that, a darker area includes Central America and the Gulf of Mexico. The bright feature near the center-right of the crescent Earth consists of clouds over northern South America. The image also shows the Earth-facing hemisphere of the Moon, since the Moon was on the far side of Earth as viewed from Mars. The slightly lighter tone of the lower portion of the image of the Moon results from the large and conspicuous ray system associated with the crater Tycho. Jupiter/Galilean Satellites: When Galileo first turned his telescope toward Jupiter four centuries ago, he saw that the giant planet had four large satellites, or moons. These, the largest of dozens of moons that orbit Jupiter, later became known as the Galilean satellites. The larger two, Callisto and Ganymede, are roughly the size of the planet Mercury, the smallest, Io and Europa, are approximately the size of Earth's Moon. This MGS MOC image, obtained from Mars orbit on 8 May 2003, shows Jupiter and three of the four Galilean satellites: Callisto, Ganymede, and Europa. At the time, Io was behind Jupiter as seen from Mars, and Jupiter's giant red spot had rotated out of view. This image has been specially processed to show both Jupiter and its satellites, since Jupiter, at an apparent magnitude of -1.8, was much brighter than the three satellites. A note about the coloring process: The MGS MOC high resolution camera only takes grayscale (black-and-white) images. To "colorize" the image, a Mariner 10 Earth/Moon image taken in 1973 was used to color the MOC Earth and Moon picture, and a recent Cassini image acquired during its Jupiter flyby was used to color the MOC Jupiter picture. The procedure used was as follows: the Mariner 10 and Cassini color images were converted
Earth, Moon, and Jupiter, as …
PIA04529
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
Title Earth, Moon, and Jupiter, as seen from Mars
Original Caption Released with Image MGS MOC Release No. MOC2-368, 22 May 2003 What does Earth look like when viewed from Mars? At 13:00 GMT on 8 May 2003, the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) had an opportunity to find out. In addition, a fortuitous alignment of Earth and Jupiter--the first planetary conjunction viewed from another planet--permitted the MOC to acquire an image of both of these bodies and their larger satellites. At the time, Mars and the orbiting camera were 139 million kilometers (86 million miles) from Earth and almost 1 billion kilometers (nearly 600 million miles) from Jupiter. The orbit diagram, from 24-bit color to 8-bit color using a JPEG to GIF conversion program. These 8-bit color images were converted to 8-bit grayscale and an associated lookup table mapping each gray value of that image to a red-green-blue color triplet (RGB). Each color triplet was root-sum-squared (RSS), and sorted in increasing RSS value. These sorted lists were brightness-to-color maps for their respective images. Each brightness-to-color map was then used to convert the 8-bit grayscale MOC image to an 8-bit color image. This 8-bit color image was then converted to a 24-bit color image. The color image was edited to return the background to black. Three separate color tables were used: one each for the Earth, Moon and Jupiter. Jupiter's Galilean Satellites were not colored. To view images separately, see: Earth and Jupiter as viewed from Mars PIA04530 [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA04530 ], Earth and Moon as viewed from Mars PIA04531 [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA04531 ], Jupiter and its Galilean Satellites as viewed from Mars PIA04532 [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA04532 ]., shows the geometry at the time the images were obtained. Because Jupiter is over 5 times farther from the Sun than Earth, two different exposures were needed to image the two planets. The images are shown mosaiced together. The composite has been highly contrast-enhanced and "colorized" to show both planets and their satellites. The MGS MOC high resolution camera only takes grayscale (black-and-white) images, the color was derived from Mariner 10 and Cassini pictures of Earth/Moon and Jupiter, respectively, as described in the note below. Earth/Moon: This is the first image of Earth ever taken from another planet that actually shows our home as a planetary disk. Because Earth and the Moon are closer to the Sun than Mars, they exhibit phases, just as the Moon, Venus, and Mercury do when viewed from Earth. As seen from Mars by MGS on 8 May 2003 at 13:00 GMT (6:00 AM PDT), Earth and the Moon appeared in the evening sky. The MOC Earth/Moon image has been specially processed to allow both Earth (with an apparent magnitude of -2.5) and the much darker Moon (with an apparent magnitude of +0.9) to be visible together. The bright area at the top of the image of Earth is cloud cover over central and eastern North America. Below that, a darker area includes Central America and the Gulf of Mexico. The bright feature near the center-right of the crescent Earth consists of clouds over northern South America. The image also shows the Earth-facing hemisphere of the Moon, since the Moon was on the far side of Earth as viewed from Mars. The slightly lighter tone of the lower portion of the image of the Moon results from the large and conspicuous ray system associated with the crater Tycho. Jupiter/Galilean Satellites: When Galileo first turned his telescope toward Jupiter four centuries ago, he saw that the giant planet had four large satellites, or moons. These, the largest of dozens of moons that orbit Jupiter, later became known as the Galilean satellites. The larger two, Callisto and Ganymede, are roughly the size of the planet Mercury, the smallest, Io and Europa, are approximately the size of Earth's Moon. This MGS MOC image, obtained from Mars orbit on 8 May 2003, shows Jupiter and three of the four Galilean satellites: Callisto, Ganymede, and Europa. At the time, Io was behind Jupiter as seen from Mars, and Jupiter's giant red spot had rotated out of view. This image has been specially processed to show both Jupiter and its satellites, since Jupiter, at an apparent magnitude of -1.8, was much brighter than the three satellites. A note about the coloring process: The MGS MOC high resolution camera only takes grayscale (black-and-white) images. To "colorize" the image, a Mariner 10 Earth/Moon image taken in 1973 was used to color the MOC Earth and Moon picture, and a recent Cassini image acquired during its Jupiter flyby was used to color the MOC Jupiter picture. The procedure used was as follows: the Mariner 10 and Cassini color images were converted
The Colorful Lives of the Ou …
Title The Colorful Lives of the Outer Planets
The Colorful Lives of the Ou …
Title The Colorful Lives of the Outer Planets
The Colorful Lives of the Ou …
Title The Colorful Lives of the Outer Planets
The Colorful Lives of the Ou …
Title The Colorful Lives of the Outer Planets
Eris: The Largest Known Dwar …
Title Eris: The Largest Known Dwarf Planet
Explanation Is Pluto the largest dwarf planet? No! Currently, the largest known dwarf planet is (136199) Eris [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/136199_Eris ], renamed last week from 2003 UB313 [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap060207.html ]. Eris is just slightly larger than Pluto, but orbits as far as twice Pluto [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap060903.html ]'s distance from the Sun. Eris is shown above [ http://www.keckobservatory.org/view_album.php?album_id=4 ] in an image taken by a 10-meter Keck Telescope [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap971227.html ] from Hawaii [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap951216.html ], USA [ https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/us.html ]. Like Pluto, Eris has a moon, which has been officially named [ http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/special/08747.pdf ] by the International Astronomical Union [ http://www.iau.org/ ] as (136199) Eris I (Dysnomia). Dysnomia [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysnomia_%28moon%29 ] is visible above just to the right of Eris. Dwarf planets [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet ] Pluto and Eris are trans-Neptunian objects [ http://www.planetary.org/explore/topics/trans_neptunian_objects/ ] that orbit in the Kuiper belt [ http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~jewitt/kb.html ] of objects past Neptune. Eris [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap050801.html ] was discovered in 2003, and is likely composed of frozen water-ice and methane [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane ]. Since Pluto's recent demotion by the IAU [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union ] from planet to dwarf planet status, Pluto [ http://voyagesolarsystem.org/gallery/gallery_10.html ] has recently also been given a new numeric designation: (134340) Pluto. Currently, the only other officially designated "dwarf planet" is (1) Ceres [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap060821.html ].
Mars Exploration Rover Launc …
Edited raw footage compilati …
8/15/03
MER Entry, Descent & Landing …
Brief highlights of testing …
5/20/03
Jupiter and its Galilean Sat …
PIA04532
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
Title Jupiter and its Galilean Satellites as viewed from Mars
Original Caption Released with Image MGS MOC Release No. MOC2-368, 22 May 2003"Jupiter/Galilean Satellites:" When Galileo first turned his telescope toward Jupiter four centuries ago, he saw that the giant planet had four large satellites, or moons. These, the largest of dozens of moons that orbit Jupiter, later became known as the Galilean satellites. The larger two, Callisto and Ganymede, are roughly the size of the planet Mercury, the smallest, Io and Europa, are approximately the size of Earth's Moon. This MGS MOC image, obtained from Mars orbit on 8 May 2003, shows Jupiter and three of the four Galilean satellites: Callisto, Ganymede, and Europa. At the time, Io was behind Jupiter as seen from Mars, and Jupiter's giant red spot had rotated out of view. This image has been specially processed to show both Jupiter and its satellites, since Jupiter, at an apparent magnitude of -1.8, was much brighter than the three satellites. A note about the coloring process: The MGS MOC high resolution camera only takes grayscale (black-and-white) images. To "colorize" the image, a recent Cassini image acquired during its Jupiter flyby was used to color the MOC Jupiter picture. The procedure used was as follows: the Cassini color image was converted from 24-bit color to 8-bit color using a JPEG to GIF conversion program. The 8-bit color image was converted to 8-bit grayscale and an associated lookup table mapping each gray value of that image to a red-green-blue color triplet (RGB). Each color triplet was root-sum-squared (RSS), and sorted in increasing RSS value. These sorted lists were brightness-to-color maps for their respective images. Each brightness-to-color map was then used to convert the 8-bit grayscale MOC image to an 8-bit color image. This 8-bit color image was then converted to a 24-bit color image. The color image was edited to return the background to black. Jupiter's Galilean Satellites were not colored.
Jupiter and its Galilean Sat …
PIA04532
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
Title Jupiter and its Galilean Satellites as viewed from Mars
Original Caption Released with Image MGS MOC Release No. MOC2-368, 22 May 2003"Jupiter/Galilean Satellites:" When Galileo first turned his telescope toward Jupiter four centuries ago, he saw that the giant planet had four large satellites, or moons. These, the largest of dozens of moons that orbit Jupiter, later became known as the Galilean satellites. The larger two, Callisto and Ganymede, are roughly the size of the planet Mercury, the smallest, Io and Europa, are approximately the size of Earth's Moon. This MGS MOC image, obtained from Mars orbit on 8 May 2003, shows Jupiter and three of the four Galilean satellites: Callisto, Ganymede, and Europa. At the time, Io was behind Jupiter as seen from Mars, and Jupiter's giant red spot had rotated out of view. This image has been specially processed to show both Jupiter and its satellites, since Jupiter, at an apparent magnitude of -1.8, was much brighter than the three satellites. A note about the coloring process: The MGS MOC high resolution camera only takes grayscale (black-and-white) images. To "colorize" the image, a recent Cassini image acquired during its Jupiter flyby was used to color the MOC Jupiter picture. The procedure used was as follows: the Cassini color image was converted from 24-bit color to 8-bit color using a JPEG to GIF conversion program. The 8-bit color image was converted to 8-bit grayscale and an associated lookup table mapping each gray value of that image to a red-green-blue color triplet (RGB). Each color triplet was root-sum-squared (RSS), and sorted in increasing RSS value. These sorted lists were brightness-to-color maps for their respective images. Each brightness-to-color map was then used to convert the 8-bit grayscale MOC image to an 8-bit color image. This 8-bit color image was then converted to a 24-bit color image. The color image was edited to return the background to black. Jupiter's Galilean Satellites were not colored.
NASA Destination Tomorrow - …
NASA Destination Tomorrow Vi …
6/1/03
Description NASA Destination Tomorrow Video containing three segments as described below. NASA Destination Tomorrow Segment exploring the function of aerobraking and how this helps reduce costs and create more room in aircraft. NASA Destination Tomorrow Segment exploring new materials technology development and how it has revolutionized the world of science and technology. NASA Destination Tomorrow Segment exploring a newly discovered moon called Titan that revolves around the planet Saturn.
Date 6/1/03
Earth and Moon as viewed fro …
PIA04531
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
Title Earth and Moon as viewed from Mars
Original Caption Released with Image MGS MOC Release No. MOC2-368, 22 May 2003Globe diagram illustrates the Earth's orientation as viewed from Mars (North and South America were in view)."Earth/Moon:" This is the first image of Earth ever taken from another planet that actually shows our home as a planetary disk. Because Earth and the Moon are closer to the Sun than Mars, they exhibit phases, just as the Moon, Venus, and Mercury do when viewed from Earth. As seen from Mars by MGS on 8 May 2003 at 13:00 GMT (6:00 AM PDT), Earth and the Moon appeared in the evening sky. The MOC Earth/Moon image has been specially processed to allow both Earth (with an apparent magnitude of -2.5) and the much darker Moon (with an apparent magnitude of +0.9) to be visible together. The bright area at the top of the image of Earth is cloud cover over central and eastern North America. Below that, a darker area includes Central America and the Gulf of Mexico. The bright feature near the center-right of the crescent Earth consists of clouds over northern South America. The image also shows the Earth-facing hemisphere of the Moon, since the Moon was on the far side of Earth as viewed from Mars. The slightly lighter tone of the lower portion of the image of the Moon results from the large and conspicuous ray system associated with the crater Tycho. A note about the coloring process: The MGS MOC high resolution camera only takes grayscale (black-and-white) images. To "colorize" the image, a Mariner 10 Earth/Moon image taken in 1973 was used to color the MOC Earth and Moon picture. The procedure used was as follows: the Mariner 10 image was converted from 24-bit color to 8-bit color using a JPEG to GIF conversion program. The 8-bit color image was converted to 8-bit grayscale and an associated lookup table mapping each gray value of the image to a red-green-blue color triplet (RGB). Each color triplet was root-sum-squared (RSS), and sorted in increasing RSS value. These sorted lists were brightness-to-color maps for the images. Each brightness-to-color map was then used to convert the 8-bit grayscale MOC image to an 8-bit color image. This 8-bit color image was then converted to a 24-bit color image. The color image was edited to return the background to black.
Earth and Moon as viewed fro …
PIA04531
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
Title Earth and Moon as viewed from Mars
Original Caption Released with Image MGS MOC Release No. MOC2-368, 22 May 2003Globe diagram illustrates the Earth's orientation as viewed from Mars (North and South America were in view)."Earth/Moon:" This is the first image of Earth ever taken from another planet that actually shows our home as a planetary disk. Because Earth and the Moon are closer to the Sun than Mars, they exhibit phases, just as the Moon, Venus, and Mercury do when viewed from Earth. As seen from Mars by MGS on 8 May 2003 at 13:00 GMT (6:00 AM PDT), Earth and the Moon appeared in the evening sky. The MOC Earth/Moon image has been specially processed to allow both Earth (with an apparent magnitude of -2.5) and the much darker Moon (with an apparent magnitude of +0.9) to be visible together. The bright area at the top of the image of Earth is cloud cover over central and eastern North America. Below that, a darker area includes Central America and the Gulf of Mexico. The bright feature near the center-right of the crescent Earth consists of clouds over northern South America. The image also shows the Earth-facing hemisphere of the Moon, since the Moon was on the far side of Earth as viewed from Mars. The slightly lighter tone of the lower portion of the image of the Moon results from the large and conspicuous ray system associated with the crater Tycho. A note about the coloring process: The MGS MOC high resolution camera only takes grayscale (black-and-white) images. To "colorize" the image, a Mariner 10 Earth/Moon image taken in 1973 was used to color the MOC Earth and Moon picture. The procedure used was as follows: the Mariner 10 image was converted from 24-bit color to 8-bit color using a JPEG to GIF conversion program. The 8-bit color image was converted to 8-bit grayscale and an associated lookup table mapping each gray value of the image to a red-green-blue color triplet (RGB). Each color triplet was root-sum-squared (RSS), and sorted in increasing RSS value. These sorted lists were brightness-to-color maps for the images. Each brightness-to-color map was then used to convert the 8-bit grayscale MOC image to an 8-bit color image. This 8-bit color image was then converted to a 24-bit color image. The color image was edited to return the background to black.
Earth and Moon as viewed fro …
PIA04531
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
Title Earth and Moon as viewed from Mars
Original Caption Released with Image MGS MOC Release No. MOC2-368, 22 May 2003Globe diagram illustrates the Earth's orientation as viewed from Mars (North and South America were in view)."Earth/Moon:" This is the first image of Earth ever taken from another planet that actually shows our home as a planetary disk. Because Earth and the Moon are closer to the Sun than Mars, they exhibit phases, just as the Moon, Venus, and Mercury do when viewed from Earth. As seen from Mars by MGS on 8 May 2003 at 13:00 GMT (6:00 AM PDT), Earth and the Moon appeared in the evening sky. The MOC Earth/Moon image has been specially processed to allow both Earth (with an apparent magnitude of -2.5) and the much darker Moon (with an apparent magnitude of +0.9) to be visible together. The bright area at the top of the image of Earth is cloud cover over central and eastern North America. Below that, a darker area includes Central America and the Gulf of Mexico. The bright feature near the center-right of the crescent Earth consists of clouds over northern South America. The image also shows the Earth-facing hemisphere of the Moon, since the Moon was on the far side of Earth as viewed from Mars. The slightly lighter tone of the lower portion of the image of the Moon results from the large and conspicuous ray system associated with the crater Tycho. A note about the coloring process: The MGS MOC high resolution camera only takes grayscale (black-and-white) images. To "colorize" the image, a Mariner 10 Earth/Moon image taken in 1973 was used to color the MOC Earth and Moon picture. The procedure used was as follows: the Mariner 10 image was converted from 24-bit color to 8-bit color using a JPEG to GIF conversion program. The 8-bit color image was converted to 8-bit grayscale and an associated lookup table mapping each gray value of the image to a red-green-blue color triplet (RGB). Each color triplet was root-sum-squared (RSS), and sorted in increasing RSS value. These sorted lists were brightness-to-color maps for the images. Each brightness-to-color map was then used to convert the 8-bit grayscale MOC image to an 8-bit color image. This 8-bit color image was then converted to a 24-bit color image. The color image was edited to return the background to black.
Earth and Moon as viewed fro …
PIA04531
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
Title Earth and Moon as viewed from Mars
Original Caption Released with Image MGS MOC Release No. MOC2-368, 22 May 2003Globe diagram illustrates the Earth's orientation as viewed from Mars (North and South America were in view)."Earth/Moon:" This is the first image of Earth ever taken from another planet that actually shows our home as a planetary disk. Because Earth and the Moon are closer to the Sun than Mars, they exhibit phases, just as the Moon, Venus, and Mercury do when viewed from Earth. As seen from Mars by MGS on 8 May 2003 at 13:00 GMT (6:00 AM PDT), Earth and the Moon appeared in the evening sky. The MOC Earth/Moon image has been specially processed to allow both Earth (with an apparent magnitude of -2.5) and the much darker Moon (with an apparent magnitude of +0.9) to be visible together. The bright area at the top of the image of Earth is cloud cover over central and eastern North America. Below that, a darker area includes Central America and the Gulf of Mexico. The bright feature near the center-right of the crescent Earth consists of clouds over northern South America. The image also shows the Earth-facing hemisphere of the Moon, since the Moon was on the far side of Earth as viewed from Mars. The slightly lighter tone of the lower portion of the image of the Moon results from the large and conspicuous ray system associated with the crater Tycho. A note about the coloring process: The MGS MOC high resolution camera only takes grayscale (black-and-white) images. To "colorize" the image, a Mariner 10 Earth/Moon image taken in 1973 was used to color the MOC Earth and Moon picture. The procedure used was as follows: the Mariner 10 image was converted from 24-bit color to 8-bit color using a JPEG to GIF conversion program. The 8-bit color image was converted to 8-bit grayscale and an associated lookup table mapping each gray value of the image to a red-green-blue color triplet (RGB). Each color triplet was root-sum-squared (RSS), and sorted in increasing RSS value. These sorted lists were brightness-to-color maps for the images. Each brightness-to-color map was then used to convert the 8-bit grayscale MOC image to an 8-bit color image. This 8-bit color image was then converted to a 24-bit color image. The color image was edited to return the background to black.
Hubble Uncovers Smallest Moo …
Title Hubble Uncovers Smallest Moons Yet Seen Around Uranus
Hubble Uncovers Smallest Moo …
Title Hubble Uncovers Smallest Moons Yet Seen Around Uranus
NASA's Hubble Discovers New …
Title NASA's Hubble Discovers New Rings and Moons Around Uranus
Brighter Neptune Suggests a …
Title Brighter Neptune Suggests a Planetary Change of Seasons
NASA's Hubble Discovers New …
Title NASA's Hubble Discovers New Rings and Moons Around Uranus
Hubble Uncovers Smallest Moo …
Title Hubble Uncovers Smallest Moons Yet Seen Around Uranus
Hubble Uncovers Smallest Moo …
Title Hubble Uncovers Smallest Moons Yet Seen Around Uranus
NASA Destination Tomorrow - …
NASA Destination Tomorrow Se …
6/1/03
Description NASA Destination Tomorrow Segment exploring the function of aerobraking and how this helps reduce costs and create more room in aircraft.
Date 6/1/03
Saturn Seen from Far and Nea …
Title Saturn Seen from Far and Near
Brown Dwarf Companion
Title Brown Dwarf Companion
Description This is an artist's concept of the star HD 3651 as it is orbited by a close-in Saturn-mass planetary companion and the distant brown dwarf companion discovered by Spitzer infrared photographs. The Saturn-mass planet was discovered through Doppler observations in 2003. Its orbit is very small, the size of Mercury's, and is highly elliptical. The gravity of the distant brown dwarf companion may be reponsible for the distorted shape of the inner planet's orbit.
Description Here on the Gallery page you can find the very latest images, videos and products from the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn, including the spectacular launch, spacecraft assembly and the exciting trip to Saturn.
Full Description Massive Gas Cloud Around Jupiter February 27, 2003 An innovative instrument on NASA's Cassini spacecraft makes the space environment around Jupiter visible, revealing a donut-shaped gas cloud encircling the planet. The image was taken with the energetic neutral atom imaging technique by the Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument on Cassini as the spacecraft flew past Jupiter in early 2001 at a distance of about 10 million kilometers (6 million miles). This technique provides information about a source by detecting neutral atoms emitted by the source, comparable to how a camera reveals information about an object by detecting photons coming from the object. The central object in this image represents energetic neutral atom emissions from Jupiter itself. The outer two objects represent emissions from a donut-shaped cloud, or torus, that shares an orbit with Jupiter's moon Europa. The cloud's emissions appear dot-like because of the viewing angle. The torus is viewed edge-on, and the image is brightest at the line-of-sight angles that pass through the greatest volume of it. For higher resolution, go to the Plantetary Photojournal.
Description Here on the Gallery page you can find the very latest images, videos and products from the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn, including the spectacular launch, spacecraft assembly and the exciting trip to Saturn.
Full Description Jupiter Torus Diagram February 27, 2003 A cut-away schematic of Jupiter¿s space environment shows magnetically trapped radiation ions (in red), the neutral gas torus of the volcanic moon Io (green) and the newly discovered neutral gas torus of the moon Europa (blue). The white lines represent magnetic field lines. Energetic neutral atoms (ENA) are emitted from the Europa torus regions because of the interaction between the trapped ions and the neutral gases. The Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument on NASA's Cassini spacecraft imaged those energetic neutral atoms in early 2001 during Cassini's flyby of Jupiter. Energetic neutral atoms also come from Jupiter when radiation ions impinge onto Jupiter¿s upper atmosphere. For higher resolution, go to the Plantetary Photojournal.
Saturn Seen from Far and Nea …
Title Saturn Seen from Far and Near
Saturn Stars in Three Hubble …
Title Saturn Stars in Three Hubble Movies
Brighter Neptune Suggests a …
Title Brighter Neptune Suggests a Planetary Change of Seasons
Brighter Neptune Suggests a …
Title Brighter Neptune Suggests a Planetary Change of Seasons
Butterfly Ejecta
PIA04729
Sol (our sun)
Thermal Emission Imaging Sys …
Title Butterfly Ejecta
Original Caption Released with Image Released 4 September 2003 In the heavily cratered southern highlands of Mars, the type of crater seen in this THEMIS visible image is relatively rare. Elliptical craters with "butterfly" ejecta patterns make up roughly 5% of the total crater population of Mars. They are caused by impactors which hit the surface at oblique, or very shallow angles. Similar craters are also seen in about the same abundance on the Moon and Venus. Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude -24.6, Longitude 41 East (319 West). 19 meter/pixel resolution. Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.
Brighter Neptune Suggests a …
Title Brighter Neptune Suggests a Planetary Change of Seasons
Hot Shot
title Hot Shot
description The black dot in this picture of the Sun is Mercury. The planet made a rare pass in front of the Sun on May 7, 2003. The SOHO and TRACE spacecraft were watching with all instruments. The spacecraft websites are among many with Mercury transit galleries. *Image Credit*: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Brighter Neptune Suggests a …
Title Brighter Neptune Suggests a Planetary Change of Seasons
Find the Moon
title Find the Moon
date 10.01.2003
description New Satellites of Uranus Discovered in 2003 Discovery images of one of the newly found Uranus satellites S/2003 U3 showing its motion relative to background stars and galaxies. Scott S. Sheppard and David Jewitt at the University of Hawaii have discovered 2 new outer satellites of Uranus designated S/2001 U2 and S/2003 U3. The discovery images were obtained from the Subaru 8.3m telescope atop Mauna Kea in Hawaii on August 29, 2003. Further observations by the Hawaii team using the Gemini 8.2m telescope allowed Brian Marsden at the Minor Planet Center to link the satellites to independent discovery observations obtained in 2001 by a group lead by Matt Holman and JJ Kavelaars. The 2001 observations were not enough to determine if the objects were satellites of Uranus and no reliable orbits were found. They were than lost until discovery in 2003 by the Hawaii team. The new Uranus satellite S/2001 U2 was announced by the International Astronomical Union on October 1 ( IAU Circular 8213 ) and S/2003 U3 on October 9 ( IAU Circular 8217 ). The new satellites are about 12 and 11 kilometers in diameter respectively. S/2001 U2 has an orbital period of about 8 years and is in a retrograde orbit. S/2003 U3 has an orbital period of just over 4 years and is the first prograde irregular satellite discovered around Uranus. All the giant planets now have known prograde and retrograde irregular satellites. Uranus now has 27 known satellites of which 9 have irregular orbits. See http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~sheppard/satellites/uranus2003.html for more information.
An Asteroid's Sky Trek
title An Asteroid's Sky Trek
description While analyzing NASA Hubble Space Telescope images of the Sagittarius dwarf irregular galaxy (SagDIG), an international team of astronomers led by Simone Marchi, Yazan Momany, and Luigi Bedin were surprised to see the trail of a faint asteroid that had drifted across the field of view during the exposures. The trail is seen as a series of 13 reddish arcs on the right in this August 2003 Advanced Camera for Surveys image. As the Hubble telescope orbits around the Earth, and the Earth moves around the Sun, a nearby asteroid in our solar system will appear to move with respect to the vastly more distant background stars, due to an effect called parallax. It is somewhat similar to the effect you see from a moving car, in which trees by the side of the road appear to be moving much more rapidly than background objects at much larger distances. If the Hubble exposure were a continuous one, the asteroid trail would appear like a continuous wavy line. However, the exposure with Hubble's camera was actually broken up into more than a dozen separate exposures. After each exposure, the camera's shutter was closed while the image was transferred from the electronic detector into the camera's computer memory, this accounts for the many interruptions in the asteroid's trail. Since the trajectory of the Hubble spacecraft around the Earth is known very accurately, it is possible to triangulate the distance to the asteroid in a manner similar to that used by terrestrial surveyors. It turns out to be a previously unknown asteroid, located 169 million miles from Earth at the time of observation. The distance places the new object, most likely, in the main asteroid belt, lying between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Based on the observed brightness of the asteroid, the astronomers estimate that it has a diameter of about 1.5 miles. The brightest stars in the picture (easily distinguished by the spikes radiating from their images, produced by optical effects within the telescope), are foreground stars lying within our own Milky Way galaxy. Their distances from Earth are typically a few thousand light-years. The faint, bluish SagDIG stars lie at about 3.5 million light-years (1.1 Megaparsecs) from us. Lastly, background galaxies (reddish/brown extended objects with spiral arms and halos) are located even further beyond SagDIG at several tens of millions parsecs away. There is thus a vast range of distances among the objects visible in this photo, ranging from about 169 million miles for the asteroid, up to many quadrillions of miles for the faint, small galaxies. The team reported their science findings about the asteroid in the October 2004 issue of New Astronomy. *Image Credit*: NASA, ESA, and Y. Momany (University of Padua)
A Gallery of Views of Saturn …
Description A Gallery of Views of Saturn's Deep Clouds
Full Description This is a collection of the most detailed images of deep-level clouds obtained by the visual and infrared mapping spectrometer onboard the Cassini spacecraft. Images were obtained at 5.1 micron wavelength, inverted photographically to show clouds as bright. Donut-shaped clouds are seen near the north pole (upper panel). A planetary wave pattern dominates the cloud structures just south of the equator (upper part of middle panel), with many swirls of clouds connected to discrete cloud "cells." The southern hemisphere is striped with numerous thin lanes of clouds throughout the southern hemisphere (bottom image, and middle part of middle image). Many thin wisps of clouds appear to be connected to discrete cloud "cells." Images were acquired during three passes by Saturn between February and July, 2005. The top image was acquired on Feb. 17, 2005, from a distance of 683,000 kilometers (424,397 miles). The middle image was acquired on March 8, 2005, from 725,000 kilometers (450,494 miles) altitude. The bottom image was acquired on July 12, 2003, from a distance of 1.1 million kilometers (683,508 miles). The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter was designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The visual and infrared mapping spectrometer team is based at the University of Arizona. For more information about the Cassini-Huygens mission http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov. The visual and infrared mapping spectrometer team homepage is at http://wwwvims.lpl.arizona.edu. Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Date September 5, 2005
NASA Approves James Webb Spa …
Title NASA Approves James Webb Space Telescope Mirror Architecture
NASA Approves James Webb Spa …
Title NASA Approves James Webb Space Telescope Mirror Architecture
Titan's X-Ray
Title Titan's X-Ray
Explanation This June's rare and much heralded transit of Venus [ http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/transit/ venus0412.html ] will feature our currently brilliant evening star [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap040415.html ] in silhouette, as the inner planet glides across the face of the Sun. But on January 5, 2003 an even rarer transit took place. Titan, large moon [ http://www.nineplanets.org/titan.html ] of ringed gas giant Saturn, crossed in front of the Crab [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap030110.html ] Nebula, a supernova remnant some 7,000 light-years away. During Titan's transit [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/04_releases/ press_040504.html ], the orbiting Chandra Observatory's [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/chronicle/0204/ solsys/index.html ] x-ray detectors recorded the shadowing of cosmic x-rays generated by the Crab's amazing pulsar nebula [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap030904.html ], pictured above, in a situation analogous to a medical x-ray [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_astro/medxray.html ]. The resulting image (inset at left) probes the extent of Titan's atmosphere [ http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/?0403283 ]. So, how rare was Titan's transit of the Crab? While Saturn itself passes within a few degrees of the Crab Nebula every 30 years, the next similar transit is reportedly due in 2267. And since the stellar explosion which gave birth to the Crab was seen in 1054, the 2003 Titan transit may have been the first to occur ... ever.
Earth and Jupiter as viewed …
PIA04530
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
Title Earth and Jupiter as viewed from Mars
Original Caption Released with Image MGS MOC Release No. MOC2-368, 22 May 2003 What does Earth look like when viewed from Mars? At 13:00 GMT on 8 May 2003, the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) had an opportunity to find out. In addition, a fortuitous alignment of Earth and Jupiter--the first planetary conjunction viewed from another planet--permitted the MOC to acquire an image of both of these bodies and their larger satellites. At the time, Mars and the orbiting camera were 139 million kilometers (86 million miles) from Earth and almost 1 billion kilometers (nearly 600 million miles) from Jupiter. The orbit diagram shows the geometry at the time the images were obtained. Because Jupiter is over 5 times farther from the Sun than Earth, two different exposures were needed to image the two planets. The image shown has been mosaiced together. The composite has been highly contrast-enhanced and "colorized" to show both planets and their satellites. The MGS MOC high resolution camera only takes grayscale (black-and-white) images, the color was derived from Mariner 10 and Cassini pictures of Earth/Moon and Jupiter, respectively, as described in the note below. A note about the coloring process: The MGS MOC high resolution camera only takes grayscale (black-and-white) images. To "colorize" the image, a Mariner 10 Earth/Moon image taken in 1973 was used to color the MOC Earth and Moon picture, and a recent Cassini image acquired during its Jupiter flyby was used to color the MOC Jupiter picture. The procedure used was as follows: the Mariner 10 and Cassini color images were converted from 24-bit color to 8-bit color using a JPEG to GIF conversion program. These 8-bit color images were converted to 8-bit grayscale and an associated lookup table mapping each gray value of that image to a red-green-blue color triplet (RGB). Each color triplet was root-sum-squared (RSS), and sorted in increasing RSS value. These sorted lists were brightness-to-color maps for their respective images. Each brightness-to-color map was then used to convert the 8-bit grayscale MOC image to an 8-bit color image. This 8-bit color image was then converted to a 24-bit color image. The color image was edited to return the background to black. Three separate color tables were used: one each for the Earth, Moon and Jupiter.
Earth and Jupiter as viewed …
PIA04530
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
Title Earth and Jupiter as viewed from Mars
Original Caption Released with Image MGS MOC Release No. MOC2-368, 22 May 2003 What does Earth look like when viewed from Mars? At 13:00 GMT on 8 May 2003, the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) had an opportunity to find out. In addition, a fortuitous alignment of Earth and Jupiter--the first planetary conjunction viewed from another planet--permitted the MOC to acquire an image of both of these bodies and their larger satellites. At the time, Mars and the orbiting camera were 139 million kilometers (86 million miles) from Earth and almost 1 billion kilometers (nearly 600 million miles) from Jupiter. The orbit diagram shows the geometry at the time the images were obtained. Because Jupiter is over 5 times farther from the Sun than Earth, two different exposures were needed to image the two planets. The image shown has been mosaiced together. The composite has been highly contrast-enhanced and "colorized" to show both planets and their satellites. The MGS MOC high resolution camera only takes grayscale (black-and-white) images, the color was derived from Mariner 10 and Cassini pictures of Earth/Moon and Jupiter, respectively, as described in the note below. A note about the coloring process: The MGS MOC high resolution camera only takes grayscale (black-and-white) images. To "colorize" the image, a Mariner 10 Earth/Moon image taken in 1973 was used to color the MOC Earth and Moon picture, and a recent Cassini image acquired during its Jupiter flyby was used to color the MOC Jupiter picture. The procedure used was as follows: the Mariner 10 and Cassini color images were converted from 24-bit color to 8-bit color using a JPEG to GIF conversion program. These 8-bit color images were converted to 8-bit grayscale and an associated lookup table mapping each gray value of that image to a red-green-blue color triplet (RGB). Each color triplet was root-sum-squared (RSS), and sorted in increasing RSS value. These sorted lists were brightness-to-color maps for their respective images. Each brightness-to-color map was then used to convert the 8-bit grayscale MOC image to an 8-bit color image. This 8-bit color image was then converted to a 24-bit color image. The color image was edited to return the background to black. Three separate color tables were used: one each for the Earth, Moon and Jupiter.
NASA KSNN - Manned Mars Miss …
Manned Mars Mission. This se …
6/1/03
Description Manned Mars Mission. This segment describes what astronauts will need when they make manned missions to Mars.
Date 6/1/03
NASA Destination Tomorrow - …
NASA Destination Tomorrow Se …
6/1/03
Description NASA Destination Tomorrow Segment describing how Dr. Maxime Faget's space capsule design helped launch the United States into the Space Age.
Date 6/1/03
NASA Destination Tomorrow - …
NASA Destination Tomorrow Vi …
6/1/03
Description NASA Destination Tomorrow Video containing five segments as described below. NASA Destination Tomorrow Segment describing NASA's Child Safety Alert System for automobiles. NASA Destination Tomorrow Segment explaining how NASA uses flight simulators to ass
Date 6/1/03
NASA Destination Tomorrow - …
NASA Destination Tomorrow Se …
6/1/03
Description NASA Destination Tomorrow Segment exploring the history of the Gemini project that was instrumental in getting man to the moon.
Date 6/1/03
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