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Search Results: All Fields similar to 'Pioneer' and When equal to '1972'
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Pioneer 10 Trajectory
| Title |
Pioneer 10 Trajectory |
| Full Description |
This image, drawn in 1970, is an artist's rendering of the Pioneer 10 spacecraft trajectory, with the planets labeled and a list of the instruments that were intended to be flown. Before the use of computer animation, artists were hired by JPL and NASA to depict a spacecraft in flight, for use as a visual aid to promote the project during development. Pioneer 10 was managed by NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California. The Pioneer F spacecraft, as it was known before launch, was designed and built by TRW Systems Group, Inc. JPL developed three instruments that flew on the spacecraft: Magnetic Fields, S-Band Occultation, and Celestial Mechanics, as well as running the Deep Space Network which provided tracking and data system support. Caltech was responsible for the Jovian Infrared Thermal Structure experiment. Pioneer was very successful, crossing the orbit of Mars and the asteroid belt beyond it, encountering, studying, and photographing Jupiter, then crossing the orbits of Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. It left the solar system in 1983 and has been contacted several times in the past few years. As of July 2001, the spacecraft was still able to send a return signal to Earth. At Jupiter, the experiments of Pioneer were used to examine the environmental and atmospheric characteristics of the giant planet. Pioneer was also the vital precursor to all future flights to the outer solar system. It determined that a spacecraft could safely fly through the asteroid belt. It also measured the intensity of Jupiter's radiation belt so that NASA could design future Jupiter (and other outer planets) orbiters. |
| Date |
03/07/1972 |
| NASA Center |
Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
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Pioneer F Plaque Location
| Title |
Pioneer F Plaque Location |
| Full Description |
The Pioneer F spacecraft, destined to be the first man made object to escape from the solar system into interstellar space, carries this pictorial plaque. It is designed to show scientifically educated inhabitants of some other star system, who might intercept it millions of years from now, when Pioneer was launched, from where, and by what kind of beings. (Hopefully, any aliens reading the plaque will not use this knowledge to immediately invade Earth.) The design is etched into a 6 inch by 9 inch gold-anodized aluminum plate, attached to the spacecraft's attenna support struts in a position to help shield it from erosion by interstellar dust. The radiating lines at left represents the positions of 14 pulsars, a cosmic source of radio energy, arranged to indicate our sun as the home star of our civilization. The "1-" symbols at the ends of the lines are binary numbers that represent the frequencies of these pulsars at the time of launch of Pioneer F relative of that to the hydrogen atom shown at the upper left with a "1" unity symbol. The hydrogen atom is thus used as a "universal clock," and the regular decrease in the frequencies of the pulsars will enable another civilization to determine the time that has elapsed since Pioneer F was launched. The hydrogen is also used as a "universal yardstick" for sizing the human figures and outline of the spacecraft shown on the right. The hydrogen wavelength, about 8 inches, multiplied by the binary number representing "8" shown next to the woman gives her height, 64 inches. The figures represent the type of creature that created Pioneer. The man's hand is raised in a gesture of good will. Across the bottom are the planets, ranging outward from the Sun, with the spacecraft trajectory arching away from Earth, passing Mars, and swinging by Jupiter. |
| Date |
02/25/1972 |
| NASA Center |
Headquarters |
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Pioneer F Plaque Symbology
| Title |
Pioneer F Plaque Symbology |
| Full Description |
The Pioneer F spacecraft, destined to be the first man made object to escape from the solar system into interstellar space, carries this pictorial plaque. It is designed to show scientifically educated inhabitants of some other star system, who might intercept it millions of years from now, when Pioneer was launched, from where, and by what kind of beings. (With the hope that they would not invade Earth.) The design is etched into a 6 inch by 9 inch gold-anodized aluminum plate, attached to the spacecraft's attenna support struts in a position to help shield it from erosion by interstellar dust. The radiating lines at left represents the positions of 14 pulsars, a cosmic source of radio energy, arranged to indicate our sun as the home star of our civilization. The "1-" symbols at the ends of the lines are binary numbers that represent the frequencies of these pulsars at the time of launch of Pioneer F relative of that to the hydrogen atom shown at the upper left with a "1" unity symbol. The hydrogen atom is thus used as a "universal clock," and the regular decrease in the frequencies of the pulsars will enable another civilization to determine the time that has elapsed since Pioneer F was launched. The hydrogen is also used as a "universal yardstick" for sizing the human figures and outline of the spacecraft shown on the right. The hydrogen wavelength, about 8 inches, multiplied by the binary number representing "8" shown next to the woman gives her height, 64 inches. The figures represent the type of creature that created Pioneer. The man's hand is raised in a gesture of good will. Across the bottom are the planets, ranging outward from the Sun, with the spacecraft trajectory arching away from Earth, passing Mars, and swinging by Jupiter. |
| Date |
02/25/1972 |
| NASA Center |
Headquarters |
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AC72-2135
PHOTOGRAPHER: N/A PIONEER F
…
2/26/72
| Description |
PHOTOGRAPHER: N/A PIONEER F (PIONEER-10) SPACECRAFT AT CAPE KENNEDY BEING READIED FOR MISSION (SHOWS THE POSITION OF THE PIONEER INTERSTALLER PLAQUE) |
| Date |
2/26/72 |
|
Testing Pioneer F Spacecraft
| Title |
Testing Pioneer F Spacecraft |
| Full Description |
Technicians prepare Pioneer F spacecraft for testing in the Space Simulation Chamber at TRW Systems, Redondo Beach, California. The chamber subjects the spacecraft to the heat, cold, vacuum and simulated radiation that it encounters in space. Pioneer F is the first spacecraft designed to travel into the outer solar system and operate effectively there, for possibly as long as seven years and as far from the sun as 1.5 billion miles. Its primary objective will be to take the first close-up look at the planet Jupiter, its moons and environment. |
| Date |
01/25/1972 |
| NASA Center |
Headquarters |
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AC72-1338
Photographer: N/A Pioneer F/
…
1/31/72
| Description |
Photographer: N/A Pioneer F/G Plaque: Pioneer 10 the first spacecraft to leave our solar system carries a message to other worlds. The plaque was designed by Drs. Carl Sagan and Frank Drake, the artwork was prepared by Linda Salzman Sagan. |
| Date |
1/31/72 |
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AC72-2134
Photographer: N/A Pioneer F
…
2/26/72
| Description |
Photographer: N/A Pioneer F (Pioneer-10) spacecraft delivered to NASA at Cape Kennedy from TRW |
| Date |
2/26/72 |
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AC72-2136
Photographer: N/A Pioneer f
…
2/26/72
| Description |
Photographer: N/A Pioneer f (Pioneer-10) being readied for shipment to KSC |
| Date |
2/26/72 |
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A72-5621
Charles "Charlile" Hall, Han
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9/21/72
| Description |
Charles "Charlile" Hall, Hans Mark and Cy Syvertson holding Pioneer 10 Plaque |
| Date |
9/21/72 |
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AC72-1350
Artwork Pioneer 10 mission a
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2/1/72
| Description |
Artwork Pioneer 10 mission artwork depicts Jupiter and it's moons (Used in NASA SP-349) |
| Date |
2/1/72 |
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AC72-1351
Date: Dec. 1972 Pioneer 10 A
…
12/1/72
| Description |
Date: Dec. 1972 Pioneer 10 Artwork Spacecraft shown above Jupiter's surface (used in NASA SP-349) |
| Date |
12/1/72 |
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AC72-1352
Date: Dec. 1972 Pioneer 10 A
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12/1/72
| Description |
Date: Dec. 1972 Pioneer 10 Artwork Spacecraft shown during encounter above Jupiter's surface (used in NASA SP-349) |
| Date |
12/1/72 |
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AC72-1353
Date: Dec. 1972 Pioneer 10 A
…
12/2/72
| Description |
Date: Dec. 1972 Pioneer 10 Artwork Spacecraft shown only 11 hours after launch passing the orbit of the Moon in this artist concept on it's way to orbit above Jupiter's surface (used in NASA SP-349) |
| Date |
12/2/72 |
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AC72-1354
Pioneer 10 Artwork Spacecraf
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12/1/72
| Description |
Pioneer 10 Artwork Spacecraft shown during encounter above Jupiter's surface (used in NASA SP-349) |
| Date |
12/1/72 |
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AC72-2142
Photographer: KSC Launch of
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3/2/72
| Description |
Photographer: KSC Launch of Pioneer 10 to Jupiter occured at 8:49 p.m. EST March 2, 1972 |
| Date |
3/2/72 |
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A72-1280
Photographer: JPL 210' Dish
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1/26/72
| Description |
Photographer: JPL 210' Dish Antenna at Goldstone Ca - used in tracking Pioneer spacecraft |
| Date |
1/26/72 |
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A72-2137
Photographer: TRW Pioneer-10
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2/26/72
| Description |
Photographer: TRW Pioneer-10 interstellar plaque positioned on spacecraft |
| Date |
2/26/72 |
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A72-2141
Photographer: N/A Pre Launch
…
2/26/72
| Description |
Photographer: N/A Pre Launch View of Pioneer F |
| Date |
2/26/72 |
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AC72-1281
Artist: Rick Guidice Pioneer
…
1/26/72
| Description |
Artist: Rick Guidice Pioneer F spacecraft in orbit around Jupiter |
| Date |
1/26/72 |
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AC72-2138
Photographer: KSC Pioneer-10
…
2/26/72
| Description |
Photographer: KSC Pioneer-10 (or F) spacecraft encapsulated and moving to pad at Cape Kennedy for matting with a Atlas-Centaura launch vehicle in preparation for mission to Jupiter |
| Date |
2/26/72 |
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AC72-2139
Photographer: KSC A pre laun
…
2/26/72
| Description |
Photographer: KSC A pre launch view of Pioneer-10 (or F) spacecraft encapsulated and mated with a Atlas-Centaura launch vehicle in preparation for mission to Jupiter |
| Date |
2/26/72 |
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AC72-2140
Photographer: KSC A pre laun
…
2/26/72
| Description |
Photographer: KSC A pre launch view of Pioneer-10 (or F) spacecraft encapsulated and mated with a Atlas-Centaura launch vehicle in preparation for mission to Jupiter |
| Date |
2/26/72 |
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Alan B. Shepard Jr. 1923-199
…
| Title |
Alan B. Shepard Jr. 1923-1998 |
| Explanation |
On another Friday (May 5, 1961), at the dawn of the space age [ http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/sputnik/index.html ], NASA controllers "lit the candle" and sent Alan B. Shepard Jr. arcing into space atop a Redstone rocket [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap980404.html ]. The picture shows the pressure-suited Shepard before the launch in his cramped space capsule [ http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/images/pao/MERC_OV/10073402.htm ] dubbed "Freedom 7" [ http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/images/pao/MR3/10073523.htm ]. This historic flight [ http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mr-3/mr-3.html ] - the first spaceflight by an American - made Shepard a national hero [ http://www.nasm.edu/GALLERIES/GAL114/SpaceRace/ ]. Born in East Derry, New Hampshire on November 18, 1923, Shepard graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1944 and went on to train and serve as a Naval Aviator. Chosen as one of the original seven Mercury Program [ http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4201/toc.htm ] astronauts, he considered this first flight [ http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4201/ch11-4.htm ] the greatest challenge and actively sought the assignment. Shepard's accomplishments in his career as an astronaut spanned a remarkable period in human achievement and in 1972 he walked on the moon [ http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/ ] as commander of the Apollo 14 mission. A true pioneer and intrepid explorer, Alan Shepard died Tuesday [ http://www.nasa.gov/shepard.html ] at age 74 after a lengthy illness. |
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