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Search Results: All Fields similar to 'Pioneer' and When equal to '1959'
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Pioneer 4
| title |
Pioneer 4 |
| date |
03.03.1959 |
| description |
Pioneer 4 was a spin stabilized spacecraft launched on a lunar flyby trajectory and into a heliocentric orbit making it the first US probe to escape from the Earth's gravity. It carried a payload similar to Pioneer 3: a lunar radiation environment experiment using a Geiger-Mueller tube detector and a lunar photography experiment. It passed within 60,000 km of the Moon's surface. However, Pioneer 4 did not come close enough to trigger the photoelectric sensor. No lunar radiation was detected. The spacecraft was still in solar orbit as of 1969. *Image Credit*: NASA |
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Dr. von Braun with Pioneer I
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| Name of Image |
Dr. von Braun with Pioneer IV |
| Date of Image |
1959-03-01 |
| Full Description |
Dr. von Braun and engineers inspect two components of Pioneer IV satellite, the payload of the Juno II AM14, March 1, 1959. The mercury batteries (left) would be used to power the radio transmitter, cosmic radiation counter and other instruments in Pioneer IV. The conical shroud placed over instruments of Pioneer IV was plated with gold to improve conductivity. The metal surface also served as the anterna for the probe's instruments signaling back to the Earth receiving stations. |
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Pioneer Launch on Delta Vehi
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| Title |
Pioneer Launch on Delta Vehicle |
| Full Description |
NASA launches the last in the series of interplanetary Pioneer spacecraft, Pioneer 10 from Cape Kennedy, Florida. The long-tank Delta launch vehicle placed the spacecraft in a solar orbit along the path of Earth's orbit. The spacecraft then passed inside and outside Earth's orbit, alternately speeding up and slowing down relative to Earth. The Delta launch vehicle family started development in 1959. The Delta was composed of parts from the Thor, an intermediate-range ballistic missile, as its first stage, and the Vanguard as its second. The first Delta was launched from Cape Canaveral on May 13, 1960 and was powerful enough to deliver a 100-pound spacecraft into geostationary transfer orbit. Delta has been used to launch civil, commercial, and military satellites into orbit. For more information about Delta, please see Chapter 3 in Roger Launius and Dennis Jenkins' book To Reach the High Frontier published by The University Press of Kentucky in 2002. |
| Date |
08/22/1969 |
| NASA Center |
Kennedy Space Center |
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Pioneer III
| Name of Image |
Pioneer III |
| Date of Image |
1959-01-01 |
| Full Description |
Assemblies of Pioneer III, lunar and planetary exploration satellite and the payload for AM-11 (Juno II). Pioneer III was launched on December 6, 1959. The mission was unsuccessful. |
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Launch of Juno II/Pioneer IV
| Name of Image |
Launch of Juno II/Pioneer IV |
| Date of Image |
1959-03-03 |
| Full Description |
The launch of Juno II (AM-14), carrying the lunar and planetary exploration satellite in orbit, Pioneer IV, on March 3, 1959. the Pioneer IV probe was the first U.S. satellite to orbit the Sun. |
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Pioneer IV
| Name of Image |
Pioneer IV |
| Date of Image |
1959-02-16 |
| Full Description |
Installing Pioneer IV, payload for AM-14 (Juno II) onto the fourth stage on the cluster before a spin test, February 16, 1959. The Pioneer IV, lunar and planetary exploration satellite, was the first U.S. satellite to orbit the Sun. |
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Dr. von Braun During the Pio
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| Name of Image |
Dr. von Braun During the Pioneer IV Launch |
| Date of Image |
1959-03-03 |
| Full Description |
Dr. von Braun at the launch control room during the Pioneer IV launch, March 3, 1959. |
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Dr. von Braun at a Parade Ce
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| Name of Image |
Dr. von Braun at a Parade Celebrating the Launch of the Pioneer IV |
| Date of Image |
1959-03-04 |
| Full Description |
Dr. Wernher von Braun, Director of the U.S. Army Ballistic Missile Agency's (ABMA) Development Operations Division, rides with his two daughters, Margrit and Iris, in a parade in downtown Huntsville, Alabama, March 4, 1959. Although the official occasion had been plarned a "Moon Day" weeks before, it was the successful launch of the sun probe Pioneer IV two days previously that increased the celebratory atmosphere. |
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Juno II
| Name of Image |
Juno II |
| Date of Image |
1959-03-03 |
| Full Description |
Wernher von Braun and his team were responsible for the Jupiter-C hardware. The family of launch vehicles developed by the team also came to include the Juno II, which was used to launch the Pioneer IV satellite on March 3, 1959. Pioneer IV passed within 37,000 miles of the Moon before going into solar orbit. |
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Installation of Pioneer III
| Name of Image |
Installation of Pioneer III |
| Date of Image |
1959-01-01 |
| Full Description |
In this photograph, the lunar and planetary exploration satellite, Pioneer III, is being prepared for installation to Juno II (AM-11) launch vehicle. AM-11 was launched on December 5, 1959, but the mission was unsuccessful. |
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Juno II
| title |
Juno II |
| date |
03.03.1959 |
| description |
Von Braun and his team were responsible for the Jupiter-C hardware. The family of launch vehicles, developed by the team, also came to include the Juno II used to launch the Pioneer IV satellite on March 3, 1959. Pioneer IV passed within 37,000 miles of the moon before going into solar orbit. *Image Credit*: NASA |
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Dr. von Braun on the Telepho
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| Name of Image |
Dr. von Braun on the Telephone |
| Date of Image |
1959-03-01 |
| Full Description |
Dr. von Braun on the telephone prior to the launch of the Pioneer IV, March 1, 1959. |
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Juno II (AM-14)
| Name of Image |
Juno II (AM-14) |
| Date of Image |
1959-03-03 |
| Full Description |
Juno II (AM-14) on the launch pad just prior to launch, March 3, 1959. The payload of AM-14 was Pioneer IV, America's first successful lunar mission. The Juno II was a modification of Jupiter ballistic missile |
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Dr. von Braun and Dr. Debus
| Name of Image |
Dr. von Braun and Dr. Debus |
| Date of Image |
1959-03-03 |
| Full Description |
Dr. von Braun, Director of the Development Operations Divisons, and Dr. Debus, Director of the Missile Firing Laboratory, Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA), in the blockhouse during the launch of the Pioneer IV, March 3, 1959. |
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Dr. von Braun During Pioneer
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| Name of Image |
Dr. von Braun During Pioneer IV Launch |
| Date of Image |
1959-03-03 |
| Full Description |
This photograph shows Dr. von Braun, second from the left, in the blockhouse at the Florida launch facilities on March 3, 1959. He and others gathered for the launch of the Pioneer IV satellite. On the left of Dr. von Braun is Kurt Debus, who managed the Florida launch facilities. To the right of Dr. von Braun is Army General John B. Medaris. Next to him is General John Barclay. At this time, Dr. von Braun and his associates were members of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency in Huntsville, Alabama. |
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Project Red Socks
| title |
Project Red Socks |
| date |
10.01.1957 |
| description |
Project RED SOCKS was to be "the world's first useful moon rocket," proposed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology in October 1957. These artist's renditions show the configuration of motors and a diagram of the moon orbit. RED SOCKS was to respond to the Sputnik launch challenge with a significant technological advance over the Soviet Union instead of merely matching them with another earth-orbiting satellite. The objectives of the project were to "1) get photos, 2) refine space guidance techniques, and 3) impress the world" with a series of nine rocket flights to the moon. The second of the nine flights was to take pictures of the back of the moon. The necessary technology had already been developed for earlier projects, such as the Re-entry Test Vehicle and the Microlock radio ground tracking system. Project RED SOCKS received no support in Washington. In December 1957, JPL and the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) were instead asked to orbit an Earth satellite. Explorer 1 was launched 81 days later, on January 29, 1958. A modified RED SOCKS plan was carried out in the Pioneer 4 project in March 1959. *Image Credit*: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
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Space Pioneer Nancy Roman
| title |
Space Pioneer Nancy Roman |
| date |
01.01.1962 |
| description |
Dr. Nancy Roman, one of the nations top scientists in the space program, is shown with a model of the Orbiting Solar Observatory (OSO). Roman received her PhD in astronomy from the University of Chicago in 1949. In 1959, Dr. Roman joined NASA and in 1960 served as Chief of the Astronomy and Relativity Programs in the Office of Space Science. She was very influential in creating satellites such as the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). She retired from NASA in 1979, but continued working as a contractor at the Goddard Space Flight Center. Throughout her career, Dr. Roman was a spokesperson and advocate of women in the sciences. *Image Credit*: NASA |
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Dr. von Braun and Dr. Debus
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| Name of Image |
Dr. von Braun and Dr. Debus During CM-21 Firing |
| Date of Image |
1959-01-21 |
| Full Description |
In this photo, (left to right) Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) Missile Firing Laboratory Chief Dr. Kurt Debus, Director of the ABMA Development Operations Division, Dr. von Braun and an unidentified individual in blockhouse during the CM-21 (Jupiter) firing. The Jupiter missile CM-21 became the first Chrysler production qualification missile to be fired and in March 1959 launched the Pioneer IV. |
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Juno II Launch Vehicle
| Name of Image |
Juno II Launch Vehicle |
| Date of Image |
1958-01-01 |
| Full Description |
The modified Jupiter C (sometimes called Juno I), used to launch Explorer I, had minimum payload lifting capabilities. Explorer I weighed slightly less than 31 pounds. Juno II was part of America's effort to increase payload lifting capabilities. Among other achievements, the vehicle successfully launched a Pioneer IV satellite on March 3, 1959, and an Explorer VII satellite on October 13, 1959. Responsibility for Juno II passed from the Army to the Marshall Space Flight Center when the Center was activated on July 1, 1960. On November 3, 1960, a Juno II sent Explorer VIII into a 1,000-mile deep orbit within the ionosphere. |
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