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Skylab Over Earth
| Title |
Skylab Over Earth |
| Explanation |
Skylab [ http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/skylab.html ] was an orbiting laboratory launched by a Saturn V rocket [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950829.html ] in May 1973. Skylab [ http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/images/skylab_images.html ] was visited three times by NASA astronauts who sometimes stayed as long as two and a half months. Many scientific tests were performed on Skylab [ http://www.ssl.msfc.nasa.gov/ssl/pad/solar/skylab.htm ], including astronomical observations in ultraviolet [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#uv ] and X-ray [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#X-ray ] light. Some of these observations yielded valuable information about Comet Kohoutek [ http://www.exploratorium.edu/exploring/space/kohoutek.html ], our Sun [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960916.html ] and about the mysterious X-ray background [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000114.html ] - radiation that comes from all over the sky. Skylab [ http://www.xmission.com/~skylab/skylab.html ] fell back to earth on 11 July 1979. |
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Skylab Over Earth
| Title |
Skylab Over Earth |
| Explanation |
Skylab [ http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/history/skylab/skylab.html ] was an orbiting laboratory launched by a Saturn V rocket [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950829.html ] in May 1973. Skylab [ http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/Images/pretty_pictures_skylab.html ] was visited three times by NASA astronauts who sometimes stayed as long as two and a half months. Many scientific tests were preformed on Skylab, including astronomical observations in ultraviolet [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#uv ] and X-ray [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#X-ray ] light. Some of these observations yielded valuable information about Comet Kohoutek, our Sun [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950813.html ] and about the mysterious X-ray background - radiation that comes from all over the sky. Skylab fell back to earth on 11 July 1979. Tomorrow's picture: X-Raying the Moon |
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Skylab
| Name of Image |
Skylab |
| Date of Image |
1974-01-01 |
| Full Description |
This image is an artist's concept of the Skylab in orbit with callouts of its major components. In an early effort to extend the use of Apollo for further applications, NASA established the Apollo Applications Program (AAP) in August of 1965. The AAP was to include long duration Earth orbital missions during which astronauts would carry out scientific, technological, and engineering experiments in space by utilizing modified Saturn launch vehicles and the Apollo spacecraft. Established in 1970, the Skylab Program was the forerurner of the AAP. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The Skylab also conducted 19 selected experiments submitted by high school students. Skylab's 3 different 3-man crews spent up to 84 days in Earth orbit. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) had responsibility for developing and integrating most of the major components of the Skylab: the Orbital Workshop (OWS), Airlock Module (AM), Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), Payload Shroud (PS), and most of the experiments. MSFC was also responsible for providing the Saturn IB launch vehicles for three Apollo spacecraft and crews and a Saturn V launch vehicle for the Skylab. |
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Skylab Illustration
| Name of Image |
Skylab Illustration |
| Date of Image |
1972-01-01 |
| Full Description |
This artist's concept is a cutaway illustration of the Skylab with the Command/Service Module being docked to the Multiple Docking Adapter. In an early effort to extend the use of Apollo for further applications, NASA established the Apollo Applications Program (AAP) in August of 1965. The AAP was to include long duration Earth orbital missions during which astronauts would carry out scientific, technological, and engineering experiments in space by utilizing modified Saturn launch vehicles and the Apollo spacecraft. Established in 1970, the Skylab Program was the forerurner of the AAP. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The Skylab also conducted 19 selected experiments submitted by high school students. Skylab's 3 different 3-man crews spent up to 84 days in Earth orbit. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) had responsibility for developing and integrating most of the major components of the Skylab: the Orbital Workshop (OWS), Airlock Module (AM), Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), Payload Shroud (PS), and most of the experiments. MSFC was also responsible for providing the Saturn IB launch vehicles for three Apollo spacecraft and crews and a Saturn V launch vehicle for the Skylab. |
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General Characteristics of t
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| Name of Image |
General Characteristics of the Skylab |
| Date of Image |
1970-01-01 |
| Full Description |
This illustration shows general characteristics of the Skylab with callouts of its major components. In an early effort to extend the use of Apollo for further applications, NASA established the Apollo Applications Program (AAP) in August of 1965. The AAP was to include long duration Earth orbital missions during which astronauts would carry out scientific, technological, and engineering experiments in space by utilizing modified Saturn launch vehicles and the Apollo spacecraft. Established in 1970, the Skylab Program was the forerurner of the AAP. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The Skylab also conducted 19 selected experiments submitted by high school students. Skylab's 3 different 3-man crews spent up to 84 days in Earth orbit. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) had responsibility for developing and integrating most of the major components of the Skylab: the Orbital Workshop (OWS), Airlock Module (AM), Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), Payload Shroud (PS), and most of the experiments. MSFC was also responsible for providing the Saturn IB launch vehicles for three Apollo spacecraft and crews and a Saturn V launch vehicle for the Skylab. |
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Skylab Components in Launch
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| Name of Image |
Skylab Components in Launch Configuration |
| Date of Image |
1969-01-01 |
| Full Description |
This cutaway drawing illustrates major Skylab components in launch configuration on top of the Saturn V. In an early effort to extend the use of Apollo for further applications, NASA established the Apollo Applications Program (AAP) in August of 1965. The AAP was to include long duration Earth orbital missions during which astronauts would carry out scientific, technological, and engineering experiments in space by utilizing modified Saturn launch vehicles and the Apollo spacecraft. Established in 1970, the Skylab Program was the forerurner of the AAP. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The Skylab also conducted 19 selected experiments submitted by high school students. Skylab's 3 different 3-man crews spent up to 84 days in Earth orbit. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) had responsibility for developing and integrating most of the major components of the Skylab: the Orbital Workshop (OWS), Airlock Module (AM), Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), Payload Shroud (PS), and most of the experiments. MSFC was also responsible for providing the Saturn IB launch vehicles for three Apollo spacecraft and crews and a Saturn V launch vehicle for the Skylab. |
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Skylab Program Illustration
| Name of Image |
Skylab Program Illustration |
| Date of Image |
1971-01-01 |
| Full Description |
This image illustrates major areas of emphasis of the Skylab Program. In an early effort to extend the use of Apollo for further applications, NASA established the Apollo Applications Program (AAP) in August of 1965. The AAP was to include long duration Earth orbital missions during which astronauts would carry out scientific, technological, and engineering experiments in space by utilizing modified Saturn launch vehicles and the Apollo spacecraft. Established in 1970, the Skylab Program was the forerurner of the AAP. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The Skylab also conducted 19 selected experiments submitted by high school students. Skylab's 3 different 3-man crews spent up to 84 days in Earth orbit. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) had responsibility for developing and integrating most of the major components of the Skylab: the Orbital Workshop (OWS), Airlock Module (AM), Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), Payload Shroud (PS), and most of the experiments. MSFC was also responsible for providing the Saturn IB launch vehicles for three Apollo spacecraft and crews and a Saturn V launch vehicle for the Skylab. |
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Skylab
| Name of Image |
Skylab |
| Date of Image |
1974-01-01 |
| Full Description |
This image is an artist's concept of the Skylab in orbit. In an early effort to extend the use of Apollo for further applications, NASA established the Apollo Applications Program (AAP) in August of 1965. The AAP was to include long duration Earth orbital missions during which astronauts would carry out scientific, technological, and engineering experiments in space by utilizing modified Saturn launch vehicles and the Apollo spacecraft. Established in 1970, the Skylab program was the forerurner of the AAP. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The Skylab also conducted 19 selected experiments submitted by high school students. Skylab's 3 different 3-man crews spent up to 84 days in Earth orbit. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) had responsibility for developing and integrating most of the major components of the Skylab: the Orbital Workshop (OWS), Airlock Module (AM), Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), Payload Shroud (PS), and most of the experiments. MSFC was also responsible for providing the Saturn IB launch vehicles for three Apollo spacecraft and crews and a Saturn V launch vehicle for the Skylab. |
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Skylab Model
| Name of Image |
Skylab Model |
| Date of Image |
1967-01-01 |
| Full Description |
This photograph is of a model of the Skylab with the Command/Service Module being docked. In an early effort to extend the use of Apollo for further applications, NASA established the Apollo Applications Program (AAP) in August of 1965. The AAP was to include long duration Earth orbital missions during which astronauts would carry out scientific, technological, and engineering experiments in space by utilizing modified Saturn launch vehicles and the Apollo spacecraft. Established in 1970, the Skylab Program was the forerurner of the AAP. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The Skylab also conducted 19 selected experiments submitted by high school students. Skylab's 3 different 3-man crews spent up to 84 days in Earth orbit. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) had responsibility for developing and integrating most of the major components of the Skylab: the Orbital Workshop (OWS), Airlock Module (AM), Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), Payload Shroud (PS), and most of the experiments. MSFC was also responsible for providing the Saturn IB launch vehicles for three Apollo spacecraft and crews and a Saturn V launch vehicle for the Skylab. |
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Skylab-4 Mission Onboard Pho
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| Name of Image |
Skylab-4 Mission Onboard Photograph - Skylab in Orbit |
| Date of Image |
1974-01-01 |
| Full Description |
This photograph was taken as the third crew (Skylab-4) departed the space station. The solar observatory was designed for full exposure to the Sun throughout most of the Skylab mission. Solar energy was transformed into electrical power for operation of all spacecraft systems. The proper operation of these solar arrays was vital to the mission. This Skylab in orbit view was taken by the Skylab-4 crew. |
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Skylab Over Earth
| Title |
Skylab Over Earth |
| Explanation |
Skylab [ http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/history/skylab/skylab.html ] was an orbiting laboratory launched by a Saturn V rocket [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950829.html ] in May 1973. Skylab [ http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/Images/pretty_pictures_skylab.html ] was visited three times by NASA astronauts who sometimes stayed as long as two and a half months. Many scientific tests were performed on Skylab, including astronomical observations in ultraviolet [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#uv ] and X-ray [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#X-ray ] light. Some of these observations yielded valuable information about Comet Kohoutek, our Sun [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950813.html ] and about the mysterious X-ray background - radiation that comes from all over the sky. Skylab fell back to earth on 11 July 1979. |
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Skylab Astronauts' Neutral B
…
| Name of Image |
Skylab Astronauts' Neutral Buoyancy Simulator Training |
| Date of Image |
1970-11-18 |
| Full Description |
After the end of the Apollo missions, NASA's next adventure into space was the marned spaceflight of Skylab. Using an S-IVB stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle, Skylab was a two-story orbiting laboratory, one floor being living quarters and the other a work room. The objectives of Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. At the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), astronauts and engineers spent hundreds of hours in an MSFC Neutral Buoyancy Simulator (NBS) rehearsing procedures to be used during the Skylab mission, developing techniques, and detecting and correcting potential problems. The NBS was a 40-foot deep water tank that simulated the weightlessness environment of space. This photograph shows astronaut Ed Gibbon (a prime crew member of the Skylab-4 mission) during the neutral buoyancy Skylab extravehicular activity training at the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) mockup. One of Skylab's major components, the ATM was the most powerful astronomical observatory ever put into orbit to date. |
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Emblem for the second manned
…
| Title |
Emblem for the second manned Skylab mission, Skylab 3 |
| Description |
This is the emblem for the second manned Skylab mission. It will be a mission of up to 56 days. The patch symbolizes the main objectives of the flight. The central figure, adapted from one by Leonardo da Vinci, illustrates the proportions of the human form and suggests the many studies of man himself to be conducted in the zero-gravity environment of space. This drawing is superimposed on two hemispheres representing the two additional main areas of research - studies of the Sun and the development of techniques for survey of the Earth's resources. The left hemisphere show the Sun as it will be seen in the red light radiated by hydrogen atoms in the solar atmosphere. The right hemisphere is intended to suggest the studies of Earth resources to be conducted on Skylab. Although the patch denotes this mission as Skylab II, it is actually consided to be the Skylab III mission. |
| Date Taken |
1973-02-01 |
|
Skylab Program
| Name of Image |
Skylab Program |
| Date of Image |
1971-01-01 |
| Full Description |
This illustration depicts the Skylab-1 and Skylab-2 mission sequence. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The Skylab also conducted 19 selected experiments submitted by high school students. Skylab's 3 different 3-man crews spent up to 84 days in Earth orbit. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) had responsibility for developing and integrating most of the major components of the Skylab: the Orbital Workshop (OWS), Airlock Module (AM), Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), Payload Shroud (PS), and most of the experiments. MSFC was also responsible for providing the Saturn IB launch vehicles for three Apollo spacecraft and crews and a Saturn V launch vehicle for the Skylab. |
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Skylab-3 Onboard Photograph
…
| Name of Image |
Skylab-3 Onboard Photograph - Skylab in Orbit |
| Date of Image |
1973-01-01 |
| Full Description |
This striking image of Skylab was photographed by Astronaut Jack Lousma (Skylab-3), as the second crew reached the orbiting laboratory over the delta of the mighty Amazon River. Skylab's solar arrays were exposed directly to the Sun's rays. Solar energy was transformed into electrical power for operation of all spacecraft systems. The proper operation of these solar arrays was vital to the mission. |
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Skylab Over Earth
| Title |
Skylab Over Earth |
| Explanation |
Skylab [ http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/skylab/skylab.htm ] was an orbiting laboratory launched by a Saturn V rocket [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010525.html ] in May 1973. Skylab [ http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/images/skylab_images.html ], pictured above [ http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001055.html ], was visited three times by NASA astronauts who sometimes stayed as long as two and a half months. Many scientific tests were performed on Skylab [ http://www.ssl.msfc.nasa.gov/ssl/pad/solar/skylab.htm ], including astronomical observations in ultraviolet [ http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/uv.html ] and X-ray [ http://cxpi.spme.monash.edu.au/xray_history.htm ] light. Some of these observations yielded valuable information about Comet Kohoutek [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohoutek ], our Sun [ http://www.nineplanets.org/sol.html ] and about the mysterious X-ray background [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000114.html ] - radiation that comes from all over the sky. Skylab [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab ] fell back to earth on 11 July 1979. |
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Skylab Solar Shield
| Title |
Skylab Solar Shield |
| Full Description |
A sail like sunshade for possible use as a sunscreen for the Skylab Orbital Workshop (OWS) is shown being fabricated in the GE Building across the street from Johnson Space Center, Houston Texas. Three people help the steamstress feed the material through the sewing machine. The three-layered sunshade will be composed of a top layer of aluminized mylar, a middle layer of laminated nylon ripstop, and a bottom layer of thin nylon. Working on the sunshade are from left to right: Dale Gentry, Elizabeth Gauldin, Alyene Baker, and James H. Barnett Jr. Mrs. Baker, a GE employee, operates the double needle Singer sewing machine. Barnett is head of the Crew Equipment Development Section of JSC Crew Systems Division. Mrs. Gauldin is also with the Crew Systems Division. Gentry works for GE. The work shown here is part of the crash program underway to prepare a sunshield for Skylab to replace the orginal shield which was lost when Skylab 1 was launched on May 14, 1973. The improvised solar shield selected to be used will be carried to Earth orbit by the Skylab 2 crewman who will then deploy the reflective parasol to shade part of the OWS from the hot rays of the sun. Loss of the orginal sun shield has caused an overheating problem. in the Orbital Work Shop. |
| Date |
01/01/1973 |
| NASA Center |
Headquarters |
|
Emblem for the third manned
…
| Title |
Emblem for the third manned Skylab mission - Skylab 4 |
| Description |
This is the emblem for the third manned Skylab mission. It will be a mission of up to 56 days. The symbols in the patch refer to the three major areas of investigation proposed in the mission. The tree represents man's natural environment and relates directly to the Skylab mission objectives of advancing the study of Earth resources. The hydrogen atom, as the basic building block of the universe, represents man's exploration of the physical world, his application of knowledge, and his development of technology. Since the Sun is composed primarily of hydrogen, it is appropriate that the symbol refers to the solar physics mission objectives. The human silhouette represents mankind and the human capacity to direct technology with a wisdom tempered by regard for his natural environment. It also directly relates to the Skylab medical studies of man himself. The rainbow, adopted from the Biblical story of the flood, symbolizes the promise that is offered man. It embraces man and extends to t |
| Date Taken |
1973-02-01 |
|
Seamstresses Stitch a Sun-Sh
…
| Title |
Seamstresses Stitch a Sun-Shade for Skylab |
| Full Description |
Two seamstresses stitch together a sun-shade for the Skylab Orbital Workshop, the first United States Experimental space station in orbit, which lost its thermal protection shield during the launch on May 14, 1973. Without the heat shield, the temperature inside the Orbital Workshop became dangerously high, rendering the workshop uninhabitable and threatening the interior insulation and adhesive to deteriorate. Marshall engineers and scientists worked tirelessly around the clock to develop an emergency repair procedure. The Skylab crew and the repair kits were launched just 11 days after the incident. The crew successfully deployed the twin-pole sail parasol sun-shade during their EVA (Extravehicular Activity) the next day. |
| Date |
5/1/1973 |
| NASA Center |
Marshall Space Flight Center |
|
Launch of the Skylab-2
| Name of Image |
Launch of the Skylab-2 |
| Date of Image |
1973-05-25 |
| Full Description |
This is an image of the Saturn IB vehicle that lifted off on May 25, 1973, carrying the crew of the Skylab-2 (SL-2) mission. The Saturn IV launch vehicle was used to carry a crew of three astronauts to the Skylab. The SL-2 mission launched the first crew to the Skylab, astronauts Charles "Pete" Conrad, Joseph Kerwin and Paul Weitz. This crew made urgent repair work on the damaged Skylab to make it operational and habitable. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The duration of this mission was 28 days. |
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White Light Coronagraph - Sk
…
| Name of Image |
White Light Coronagraph - Skylab Experiment S052 |
| Date of Image |
1970-01-01 |
| Full Description |
This 1970 photograph shows the flight unit for Skylab's White Light Coronagraph, an Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) facility that photographed the solar corona in the visible light spectrum. A TV camera in the instrument provided real-time pictures of the occulted Sun to the astronauts at the control console and also transmitted the images to the ground. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments. |
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Ultraviolet (UV) Polychromat
…
| Name of Image |
Ultraviolet (UV) Polychromator Spectroheliometer - Skylab Experiment S055A |
| Date of Image |
1970-01-01 |
| Full Description |
This 1970 photograph shows the flight unit for Skylab's Ultraviolet (UV) Scarning Polychromator Spectroheliometer, an Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) facility. It was designed to observe temporal changes in UV radiation emitted by the Sun's chromosphere and lower corona. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments. |
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Ultraviolet (UV) Scarning Po
…
| Name of Image |
Ultraviolet (UV) Scarning Polychromator Spectroheliometer - Skylab Experiment S055A |
| Date of Image |
1973-01-01 |
| Full Description |
This chart describes scientific parameters of the Skylab Ultraviolet (UV) Scanning Polychromator Spectroheliometer, one the eight Apollo Telescope Mount facilities. It was designed to observe and provide temporal changes in UV radiation emitted by the Sun's chromosphere and lower corona. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of skylab hardware and experiments. |
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Artist's concept of deployme
…
| Title |
Artist's concept of deployment of twin pole thermal shield on Skylab |
| Description |
An artist's concept of the Skylab space station cluster in Earth orbit illustrating the deployment of the twin pole thermal shield to shade the Orbital Workshop (OWS) from the Sun. This is one of the sunshade possibilities considered to solve the problem of the overheated OWS. Here the two Skylab 2 astronauts have completely deployed the sunshade. Note the evidence of another Skylab problem - the solar panels on the OWS are not deployed as required (26127), In this view the Skylab astronauts have partially deployed the sunshade (26128). |
| Date |
05.18.1973 |
|
Artist's concept of deployme
…
| Title |
Artist's concept of deployment of twin pole thermal shield on Skylab |
| Description |
An artist's concept of the Skylab space station cluster in Earth orbit illustrating the deployment of the twin pole thermal shield to shade the Orbital Workshop (OWS) from the Sun. This is one of the sunshade possibilities considered to solve the problem of the overheated OWS. Here the two Skylab 2 astronauts have completely deployed the sunshade. Note the evidence of another Skylab problem - the solar panels on the OWS are not deployed as required (26127), In this view the Skylab astronauts have partially deployed the sunshade (26128). |
| Date |
05.18.1973 |
|
Testing of Skylab Emergency
…
| Name of Image |
Testing of Skylab Emergency Procedures |
| Date of Image |
1973-05-01 |
| Full Description |
After its launch on May 14, 1973, it was immediately known that there were some major problems with Skylab. The large, delicate, meteoroid shield on the outside of the workshop was ripped off by the vibration of the launch. Its tearing off caused serious damage to the two wings of solar cells that were to supply most of the electric power to the workshop. Once in orbit, the news worsened. The loss of the big shade exposed the metal skin of the workshop to the sun. Internal temperatures soared to 126 degrees F. This heat not only threatened its habitation by astronauts, but if prolonged, would cause serious damage to instruments and film. After twice delaying the launch of the first astronaut crew, engineers worked frantically to develop solutions to these problems and salvage the Skylab. After designing a protective solar sail to cover the workshop, crews needed to practice using the specially designed tools and materials to facilitate the repair procedure. Marshall Space Flight Center's Neutral Buoyancy Simulator (NBS), was used to practice these maneuvers. Pictured here are the astronauts in the NBS deploying the protecticve solar sail. On may 25, 1973, an Apollo command and service module was launched and later docked with Skylab. The next day, astronauts Conrad and Kerwin were able to complete the needed repairs to Skylab, salvaging the entire program. |
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Skylab-3 Mission Onboard Pho
…
| Name of Image |
Skylab-3 Mission Onboard Photograph - Skylab with a Twin-Pole Sunshield |
| Date of Image |
1973-01-01 |
| Full Description |
Shortly after liftoff on May 14, 1973, atmospheric drag tore off the thin metallic shield of Skylab that was designed to protect her from micro-meteorites and the Sun's intense heat. The Skylab-2 crew deployed a parasol sunshield to protect the orbiting laboratory. Concern over the possibility that materials used for the parasol would deteriorate with prolonged exposure to the Sun's rays prompted the installation of a second sunshield during the Skylab-3 mission. This time, the crew exited the space station and installed a twin-pole device to position the shield over the parasol. This photograph was taken by the Skylab-4 mission. |
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Damaged Exterior of the Skyl
…
| Name of Image |
Damaged Exterior of the Skylab Orbital Workshop |
| Date of Image |
1973-05-01 |
| Full Description |
The Saturn V vehicle, carrying the unmarned orbital workshop for the Skylab-1 mission, lifted off successfully and all systems performed normally. Sixty-three seconds into flight, engineers in the operation support and control center saw an unexpected telemetry indication that signalled that damages occurred on one solar array and the micrometeoroid shield during the launch. The micrometeoroid shield, a thin protective cylinder surrounding the workshop protecting it from tiny space particles and the sun's scorching heat, ripped loose from its position around the workshop. This caused the loss of one solar wing and jammed the other. Still unoccupied, the Skylab was stricken with the loss of the heat shield and sunlight beat mercilessly on the lab's sensitive skin. Internal temperatures soared, rendering the the station uninhabitable, threatening foods, medicines, films, and experiments. This image shows the sun-ravaged skin of the Orbital Workshop, bared by the missing heat shield, with blister scars and tarnish from temperatures that reached 300 degrees F. The rectangular opening at the upper center is the scientific airlock through which the parasol to protect the workshop from sun's rays was later deployed. This view was taken during a fly-around inspection by the Skylab-2 crew. The Marshall Space Flight Center had a major role in developing the procedures to repair the damaged Skylab. |
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Damaged Skylab
| Name of Image |
Damaged Skylab |
| Date of Image |
1973-05-01 |
| Full Description |
The Saturn V vehicle, carrying the unmarned orbital workshop for the Skylab-1 mission, lifted off successfully and all systems performed normally. Sixty-three seconds into the flight, engineers in the operation support and control center saw an unexpected telemetry indication that signalled that damages occurred on one solar array and the micrometeoroid shield during the launch. The micrometeoroid shield, a thin protective cylinder surrounding the workshop protecting it from tiny space particles and the sun's scorching heat, ripped loose from its position around the workshop. This caused the loss of one solar wing and jammed the other. Still unoccupied, the Skylab was stricken with the loss of the heat shield and sunlight beat mercilessly on the lab's sensitive skin. Internal temperatures soared, rendering the station uninhabitable, threatening foods, medicines, films, and experiments. This image, taken during a fly-around inspection by the Skylab-2 crew, shows a crippled Skylab in orbit. The crew found their home in space to be in serious shape, the heat shield gone, one solar wing gone, and the other jammed. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) developed, tested, rehearsed, and approved three repair options. These options included a parasol sunshade and a twin-pole sunshade to restore the temperature inside the workshop, and a set of metal cutting tools to free the jammed solar panel. |
|
Emblem for the first manned
…
| Title |
Emblem for the first manned Skylab mission |
| Description |
This is the emblem for the first manned Skylab mission. It wil be a mission of up to 28 days. The patch, designed by artist Kelly Freas, shows the Skylab silhouetted against the earth's globe, which in turn is eclipsing the Sun - showing the brilliant signet-ring pattern of the instant before total eclipse. |
| Date Taken |
1972-02-01 |
|
Parasol construction in bldg
…
| Title |
Parasol construction in bldg 10 for Skylab 2 flight |
| Description |
Technicians in the Technical Services shop in bldg 10 work on the fabrication of the umbrella-like mechanical device called the "parasol" during Skylab 2 preflight preparations at JSC. Here, they are attaching the telescoping extension rods to the canopy. The "parasol" is one of several sunscreen possibilities being considered for use in shading the overheated Skylab 1 Orbital Workshop. |
| Date Taken |
1973-05-23 |
|
Emblem for the NASA Skylab p
…
| Title |
Emblem for the NASA Skylab program |
| Description |
This is the Official emblem for the NASA Skylab program. The emblem depicts the United States Skylab space station cluster in Earth orbit with the Sun in the background. |
| Date Taken |
1973-04-25 |
|
Skylab 2 Solar Physics Exper
…
| Title |
Skylab 2 Solar Physics Experiment |
| Description |
Skylab 2 Solar Physics Experiment. This black and white view of a solar flare was taken from the skylab remote solar experiment module mounted on top of the vehicle and worked automatically without any interaction from the crew. Solar flares or sunspots are eruptions on the sun's surface and appear to occur in cycles. When these cycles occur, there is worldwide electromagnetic interference affecting radio and television transmission. |
| Date Taken |
1973-06-22 |
|
Artist's concept of Skylab 4
…
| Title |
Artist's concept of Skylab 4 astronauts observing Comet Kohoutek |
| Description |
An artist's concept illustrating how the Skylab 4 astronauts will observe through the scientific airlock of the Orbital Workshop the passing of the newly-discovered Comet Kohoutek. The favorable location of the Skylab space station in Earth orbit will help provide a comprehensive investigation of the nature and evolution of the coma and tails as the comet approaches, passes, and recedes from the Sun. |
| Date Taken |
1973-11-27 |
|
Emblem for the second manned
…
| Title |
Emblem for the second manned Skylab mission, Skylab 3 |
| Description |
This is the emblem for the second manned Skylab mission. It will be a mission of up to 56 days. The patch symbolizes the main objectives of the flight. The central figure, adapted from one by Leonardo da Vinci, illustrates the proportions of the human form and suggests the many studies of man himself to be conducted in the zero-gravity environment of space. This drawing is superimposed on two hemispheres representing the two additional main areas of research - studies of the Sun and the development of techniques for survey of the Earth's resources. The left hemisphere show the Sun as it will be seen in the red light radiated by hydrogen atoms in the solar atmosphere. The right hemisphere is intended to suggest the studies of Earth resources to be conducted on Skylab. Although the patch denotes this mission as Skylab II, it is actually consided to be the Skylab III mission. |
| Date |
02.01.1973 |
|
Skylab-4 Mission EVA
| Name of Image |
Skylab-4 Mission EVA |
| Date of Image |
1974-07-26 |
| Full Description |
In this photograph, a skylab-4 astronaut performs Extra Vehicular Activities (EVA) outside of the lab. The third crew (Skylab-4) spent 84 days in the orbiting laboratory. The solar observatory was designed for full exposure to the Sun throughout most of the Skylab mission. Solar energy was transformed into electrical power for operation of all spacecraft systems. The proper operation of these solar arrays was vital to the mission. |
|
Space Station/Skylab Sketch
| Name of Image |
Space Station/Skylab Sketch |
| Date of Image |
1966-01-01 |
| Full Description |
Seldom in aerospace history has a major decision been as promptly and concisely recorded as with the Skylab shown in this sketch. At a meeting at the Marshall Space Flight Center on August 19, 1966, George E. Mueller, NASA Associate Administrator for Marned Space Flight, used a felt pen and poster paper to pin down the final conceptual layout for the budding space station's (established as the Skylab in 1970) major elements. General Davy Jones, first program director, added his initials and those of Dr. Mueller in the lower right corner. The goals of the Skylab were to enrich our scientific knowledge of the Earth, the Sun, the stars, and cosmic space, to study the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, including man, to study the effects of the processing and manufacturing of materials utilizing the absence of gravity, and to conduct Earth resource observations. The Skylab also conducted 19 selected experiments submitted by high school students. Skylab's 3 different 3-man crews spent up to 84 days in Earth orbit. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) had responsibility for developing and integrating most of the major components of the Skylab: the Orbital Workshop (OWS), Airlock Module (AM), Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), Payload Shroud (PS), and most of the experiments. MSFC was also responsible for providing the Saturn IB launch vehicles for three Apollo spacecraft and crews and a Saturn V launch vehicle for the Skylab. |
|
Artist's concept of deployme
…
| Title |
Artist's concept of deployment of twin pole thermal shield on Skylab |
| Description |
An artist's concept of the Skylab space station cluster in Earth orbit illustrating the deployment of the twin pole thermal shield to shade the Orbital Workshop (OWS) from the Sun. This is one of the sunshade possibilities considered to solve the problem of the overheated OWS. Here the two Skylab 2 astronauts have completely deployed the sunshade. Note the evidence of another Skylab problem - the solar panels on the OWS are not deployed as required (26127), In this view the Skylab astronauts have partially deployed the sunshade (26128). |
| Date Taken |
1973-05-18 |
|
Artist's concept of deployme
…
| Title |
Artist's concept of deployment of twin pole thermal shield on Skylab |
| Description |
An artist's concept of the Skylab space station cluster in Earth orbit illustrating the deployment of the twin pole thermal shield to shade the Orbital Workshop (OWS) from the Sun. This is one of the sunshade possibilities considered to solve the problem of the overheated OWS. Here the two Skylab 2 astronauts have completely deployed the sunshade. Note the evidence of another Skylab problem - the solar panels on the OWS are not deployed as required (26127), In this view the Skylab astronauts have partially deployed the sunshade (26128). |
| Date Taken |
1973-05-18 |
|
The Sun Erupts
| Title |
The Sun Erupts |
| Explanation |
The sun [ http://www.c3.lanl.gov/~cjhamil/SolarSystem/sun.html ] was captured in 1973 throwing one of the largest eruptive prominences ever recorded. Sol, our sun, [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/gifcity/interv.html ] is a normal star. It formed about 5 billion years ago, and will last about another 5 billion years. The sun [ http://www.seds.org/billa/tnp/sol.html ] will never explode, and a solar flare will never destroy the earth. Eventually the sun will become a white dwarf [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#wd ] star. The sun is made of mostly hydrogen [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#hydrogen ] and helium [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#helium ]. The sun's center is so hot that when hydrogen nuclei collide, they stick together and release energy - a process called nuclear fusion [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#fusion ] No one knows why the center of the sun emits so few neutrinos [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#neutrino ]. Tomorrow's picture: Mercury: Closest Planet to the Sun |
|
Skylab Observations of Comet
…
| Name of Image |
Skylab Observations of Comet Kohoutek |
| Date of Image |
1974-01-01 |
| Full Description |
This montage is an artist's conception of progressive views of the Comet Kohoutek based on sketches and a description by Skylab-4 astronaut Edward Gibson. An early discovery of a large comet in an orbit that would reach close to the Sun at the end of 1973 prompted NASA to initiate Operation Kohoutek, a program to coordinate widespread observations of the comet from ground observatories, aircraft, balloons, rockets, unmarned satellites, and Skylab. |
|
Skylab-4 Mission Onboard Pho
…
| Name of Image |
Skylab-4 Mission Onboard Photograph - Astronaut Ed Gibson at Work |
| Date of Image |
1974-01-01 |
| Full Description |
This Skylab-4 mission onboard photograph shows Astronaut Ed Gibson at the complex control and display console for the Apollo Telescope Mount solar telescopes located in the Skylab Multiple Docking Adapter. Astronauts watched the Sun, and photographed and recorded the solar activities, such as the birth of a solar flare. |
|
Emergency Sun-Shade for Skyl
…
| Name of Image |
Emergency Sun-Shade for Skylab Orbital Workshop |
| Date of Image |
1973-05-21 |
| Full Description |
Two seamstresses stitch together a sun-shade for Skylab Orbital Workshop (OWS), the first U.S. experimental space station in orbit, which lost its thermal protection shield during the launch on May 14, 1973. Without the heat shield, the temperature inside the Orbital Workshop became dangerously high, rendering the workshop uninhabitable and threatened deterioration of the interior insulation and adhesive. Engineers and scientists at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) worked tirelessly around the clock on the emergency repair procedure. The Skylab crew and the repair kits were launched just 11 days after the incident. The crew successfully deployed the twin-pole sail parasol sun-shade during their EVA (Extravehicular Activity) the next day. |
|
The Jammed Skylab Workshop S
…
| Name of Image |
The Jammed Skylab Workshop Solar Array |
| Date of Image |
1973-05-01 |
| Full Description |
The Saturn V vehicle, carrying the unmarned orbital workshop for the Skylab-1 mission, lifted off successfully and all systems performed normally. Sixty-three seconds into the flight, engineers in the operation support and control center saw an unexpected telemetry indication that signalled that damages occurred on one solar array and the micrometeoroid shield during the launch. The micrometeoroid shield, a thin protective cylinder surrounding the workshop protecting it from tiny space particles and the sun's scorching heat, ripped loose from its position around the workshop. This caused the loss of one solar wing and jammed the other. Still unoccupied, the Skylab was stricken with the loss of the heat shield and sunlight beat mercilessly on the lab's sensitive skin. Internal temperatures soared, rendering the station uninhabitable, threatening foods, medicines, films, and experiments. This image, taken during a fly-around inspection by the Skylab-2 crew, shows the station's remaining solar panel jammed against its side. The Marshall Space Flight Center had a major role in developing the procedures to repair the damaged Skylab. |
|
H-Alpha #1 Telescope - Skyla
…
| Name of Image |
H-Alpha #1 Telescope - Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount |
| Date of Image |
1973-01-01 |
| Full Description |
This chart describes the Hydrogen-Alpha (H-Alpha) #1 Telescope, one of eight major solar study facilities on the Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM). There were two H-Alpha telescopes on the ATM that were used primarily to point the ATM and keep a continuous photographic record during the solar observation periods. Both telescopes gave the Skylab astronauts a real-time picture of the Sun in the red light of the H-Alpha spectrum through a closed-circuit television. The H-Alpha #1 Telescope provided simultaneous photographic and ultraviolet (UV) pictures, while the #2 Telescope operated only in the TV mode. The Marshall Space Flight Center was responsible for development of the H-Alpha Telescopes. |
|
H-Alpha #2 Telescope - Skyla
…
| Name of Image |
H-Alpha #2 Telescope - Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount |
| Date of Image |
1973-01-01 |
| Full Description |
This chart describes the Hydrogen-Alpha (H-Alpha) #2 Telescope, one of eight major solar study facilities on the Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM). There were two H-Alpha telescopes on the ATM that were used primarily to point the ATM and keep a continuous photographic record during solar observation periods. Both telescopes gave the Skylab astronauts a real-time picture of the Sun in the red light of the H-Alpha spectrum through a closed-circuit television. The H-Alpha #1 telescope provided simultaneous photographic and ultraviolet (UV) pictures, while the #2 telescope operated only in the TV mode. The Marshall Space Flight Center was responsible for development of the H-Alpha Telescopes. |
|
The Sun's Corona Observed by
…
| Name of Image |
The Sun's Corona Observed by the Skylab Mission |
| Date of Image |
1970-01-01 |
| Full Description |
The Sun's corona stretches far beyond the dense, irner corona seen in x-rays and ultraviolet light, and beyond the limits of what we normally see in the dark sky of a total solar eclipse. Its farthest reaches are delineated by tapered streamers that stretch into interplanetary space, extending the domain of our nearest star much farther than its visible disk. We see the outer corona briefly at total eclipses of the Sun, where it appears white and delicate against the starry background of a temporarily darkened, daytime sky. Even then, Earth's intervening atmosphere is bright enough to limit our view of the outer corona. At Skylab's orbital altitude, where almost no air was left and where the sky was starkly black, the outer corona was at last clearly seen. In the thousands of coronal portraits made by Skylab, in which the corona was observed more extensively than in all the centuries of humanity's interest in the Sun, the corona was constantly altering its form, ever adjusting to the shifting magnetic fields from the Sun's surface that so obviously gave it its distinctive shape. Skylab's coronagraph observations coupled with x-ray pictures of the inner corona helped establish the origin of the corona's varied forms and the important connection between coronal holes and high-speed streams in the solar wind. |
|
Emblem for the third manned
…
| Title |
Emblem for the third manned Skylab mission - Skylab 4 |
| Description |
This is the emblem for the third manned Skylab mission. It will be a mission of up to 56 days. The symbols in the patch refer to the three major areas of investigation proposed in the mission. The tree represents man's natural environment and relates directly to the Skylab mission objectives of advancing the study of Earth resources. The hydrogen atom, as the basic building block of the universe, represents man's exploration of the physical world, his application of knowledge, and his development of technology. Since the Sun is composed primarily of hydrogen, it is appropriate that the symbol refers to the solar physics mission objectives. The human silhouette represents mankind and the human capacity to direct technology with a wisdom tempered by regard for his natural environment. It also directly relates to the Skylab medical studies of man himself. The rainbow, adopted from the Biblical story of the flood, symbolizes the promise that is offered man. It embraces man and extends to t |
| Date |
02.01.1973 |
|
Engineer's drawing of Skylab
…
| Title |
Engineer's drawing of Skylab 4 Far Ultraviolet Electronographic camera |
| Description |
An engineer's drawing of the Skylab 4 Far Ultraviolet Electronographic camera (Experiment S201). Arrows point to various features and components of the camera. As the Comet Kohoutek streams through space at speeds of 100,000 miles per hour, the Skylab 4 crewmen will use the S201 UV camera to photograph features of the comet not visible from the earth's surface. While the comet is some distance from the Sun, the camera will be pointed through the scientific airlock in the wall of the Skylab space station Orbital Workshop (OWS). By using a movable mirror system built for the Ultraviolet Stellar Astronomy (S019) Experiment and rotating the space station, the S201 camera will be able to photograph the comet around the side of the space station. |
| Date Taken |
1973-11-19 |
|
Ultraviolet (UV) Spectrograp
…
| Name of Image |
Ultraviolet (UV) Spectrograph - Skylab Experiment S082B |
| Date of Image |
1970-01-01 |
| Full Description |
This 1970 photograph shows the Skylab's Ultraviolet (UV) Spectrograph, an Apollo Telescope Mount instrument. Its telescope, with camera and TV capability, photographed the Sun in selected ultraviolet wavelengths. The spectrograph was used to record the spectrum of UV emissions, such as flares or filaments, from a small individual feature on the solar disc. Real-time TV was used by the crew to monitor the performance of the telescope, transmit to the ground, and record. The exposed films were retrieved by astronaut extravehicular activities. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of the Skylab hardware and experiments. |
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