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Pioneering Venus
title Pioneering Venus
description An ultraviolet image of Venus' clouds as seen by the Pioneer Venus orbiter in 1979. Pioneer Venus used an orbiter and several small probes to study the planet from above and within the clouds. This image is from the orbiter. *Image Credit*: NASA
An Atlas Centaur Rocket Laun …
Title An Atlas Centaur Rocket Launches
Explanation Atlas Centaur [ http://www.lerc.nasa.gov/Other_Groups/PAO/html/atlas2as.htm ] rockets have launched over 75 successful unmanned missions. These missions included the Surveyor [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap951008.html ] series - the first vehicles to make soft landings on the Moon [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950903.html ], Pioneer [ http://pyroeis.arc.nasa.gov/pioneer/PNhome.html ] 10 and 11 - the first missions to fly by Jupiter [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap951206.html ] and Saturn [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950705.html ] and the first man-made objects able to leave our Solar System [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950819.html ], the Viking missions [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950721.html ] which landed on Mars [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950716.html ], several satellites in the High Energy Astrophysics Observatory [ http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] (HEAO) series, Pioneer Venus [ http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/pioneer_venus.html ] which circled and mapped the surface of Venus [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950822.html ], and numerous Intelsat [ http://www.intelsat.int:8080/info/html/is5.html ] satellites. Of recent scientific interest was the Atlas [ http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/elv/ATLAS_CENTAUR/atlcent.htm ] launched SOHO [ http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/index-text.html ] mission which will continually observe the Sun [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950813.html ]. Atlas rockets are manufactured by Lockheed Martin [ http://www.mmc.com/ ] Co.
Perspective View of Ishtar T …
PIA00093
Sol (our sun)
Imaging Radar
Title Perspective View of Ishtar Terra
Original Caption Released with Image This perspective view of Ishtar Terra was derived from data obtained by the Pioneer Venus spacecraft's altimetry radar instrument. Ishtar viewed from the west (bottom of image) is centered at about 65 degrees north latitude and 0 degrees longitude. Ishtar (approximately equal in size to Australia) is a large plateau standing 3.3 km above the surrounding lowlands, bounded by relatively steep slopes. Rising above this plateau are three massifs: Akna Montes and Freyja Montes along the western and northwestern edge of Lakshmi Planum, and Maxwell Montes along its eastern edge. The eastern part of Ishtar, east of Maxwell, is a complex hilly terrain ~1 km lower than Lakshmi Planum that lacks the steep well-defined boundary slopes that characterize the plateau. Maxwell Montes, highest point on the planet is elevated more than 10 km (32,000 ft) above the surrounding lowlands. Color-coded altimetry shows elevations in .5 and 1 km intervals. Cool colors mark low elevations and warm colors mark high elevations
Venus - Magellan Data Superi …
PIA00464
Sol (our sun)
Imaging Radar
Title Venus - Magellan Data Superimposed on Pioneer Venus Data - Devana Chasma and Phoebe Regio
Original Caption Released with Image This image covers part of the 150 kilometer (90 mile) wide, 1 to 1.5 kilometer (0.6 to 0.9 mile) deep valley, Devana Chasma. The image is a composite of the first two orbits recorded by the Magellan spacecraft in August 1990 superimposed on Pioneer Venus topography. This image is located at the intersection of Devana Chasma and the Phoebe Regio upland. It covers a region approximately 525 by 525 kilometers (315 by 315 miles), centered 288 degrees east longitude on the equator. Devana Chasma consists of radar bright lineaments, interpreted to be fault scarps, oriented in a north-northeast direction. This part of the planet is thought to be an area where the crust is being stretched and pulled apart producing a rift valley, similar to the East African rift.
Magellan
This hemispheric view of Ven …
3/16/95
Date 3/16/95
Description This hemispheric view of Venus, as revealed by more than a decade of radar investigations culminating in the 1990-1994 Magellan mission, is centered at 270 degrees east longitude. The Magellan spacecraft imaged more than 98 percent of Venus at a resolution of about 100 meters, the effective resolution of this image is about 3 kilometers. A mosaic of the Magellan images (most with illumination from the west) forms the image base. Gaps in the Magellan coverage were filled with images from the Earth- based Arecibo radar in a region centered roughly on 0 degrees latitude and longitude, and with a neutral tone elsewhere (primarily near the south pole). The composite image was processed to improve contrast and to emphasize small features, and was color-coded to represent elevation. Gaps in the elevation data from the Magellan radar altimeter were filled with altimetry from the Venera spacecraft and the U.S. Pioneer Venus missions. An Orthographic projection was used, simulating a distant view of one hemisphere of the planet. The Magellan mission was managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA. Data processed by JPL, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ. #####
Magellan
This hemispheric view of Ven …
3/16/95
Date 3/16/95
Description This hemispheric view of Venus, as revealed by more than a decade of radar investigations culminating in the 1990-1994 Magellan mission, is centered at 0 degrees east longitude. The Magellan spacecraft imaged more than 98 percent of Venus at a resolution of about 100 meters, the effective resolution of this image is about 3 kilometers. A mosaic of the Magellan images (most with illumination from the west) forms the image base. Gaps in the Magellan coverage were filled with images from the Earth-based Arecibo radar in a region centered roughly on 0 degrees latitude and longitude, and with a neutral tone elsewhere (primarily near the south pole). The composite image was processed to improve contrast and to emphasize small features, and was color-coded to represent elevation. Gaps in the elevation data from the Magellan radar altimeter were filled with altimetry from the Venera spacecraft and the U.S. Pioneer Venus missions. An Orthographic projection was used, simulating a distant view of one hemisphere of the planet. The Magellan mission was managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA. Data processed by JPL, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ.
Magellan
This hemispheric view of Ven …
3/16/95
Date 3/16/95
Description This hemispheric view of Venus, as revealed by more than a decade of radar investigations culminating in the 1990-1994 Magellan mission, is centered at 90 degrees east longitude. The Magellan spacecraft imaged more than 98 percent of Venus at a resolution of about 100 meters, the effective resolution of this image is about 3 kilometers. A mosaic of the Magellan images (most with illumination from the west) forms the image base. Gaps in the Magellan coverage were filled with images from the Earth- based Arecibo radar in a region centered roughly on 0 degrees latitude and longitude, and with a neutral tone elsewhere (primarily near the south pole). The composite image was processed to improve contrast and to emphasize small features, and was color-coded to represent elevation. Gaps in the elevation data from the Magellan radar altimeter were filled with altimetry from the Venera spacecraft and the U.S. Pioneer Venus missions. An Orthographic projection was used, simulating a distant view of one hemisphere of the planet. The Magellan mission was managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA. Data processed by JPL, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ.
Magellan
This hemispheric view of Ven …
3/16/95
Date 3/16/95
Description This hemispheric view of Venus, as revealed by more than a decade of radar investigations culminating in the 1990-1994 Magellan mission, is centered at the North Pole. The Magellan spacecraft imaged more than 98 percent of Venus at a resolution of about 100 meters, the effective resolution of this image is about 3 kilometers. A mosaic of the Magellan images (most with illumination from the west) forms the image base. Gaps in the Magellan coverage were filled with images from the Earth-based Arecibo radar in a region centered roughly on 0 degrees latitude and longitude, and with a neutral tone elsewhere (primarily near the south pole). The composite image was processed to improve contrast and to emphasize small features, and was color-coded to represent elevation. Gaps in the elevation data from the Magellan radar altimeter were filled with altimetry from the Venera spacecraft and the U.S. Pioneer Venus missions. An Orthographic projection was used, simulating a distant view of one hemisphere of the planet. The Magellan mission was managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA. Data processed by JPL, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ. #####
Venera 15
title Venera 15
date 06.02.1983
description Venera 15 and Venera 16 were a pair of dedicated radar mappers designed to extend the studies begun by the American Pioneer Venus Orbiter in constructing a detailed map of the surface down to a resolution of about 1 to 2 kilometers. For these missions, Soviet engineers lengthened the central bus of the earlier Veneras (by 1 meter), installed much larger solar batteries, and attached a large side-looking radar antenna in place of the descent lander module on the earlier spacecraft. Venera 15 carried out two midcourse corrections (on 10 June 1983 and 1 October 1983) before successfully entering orbit around Venus at 03:05 UT on 10 October. Initial orbital parameters were 1,000 x 65,000 kilometers at 87° inclination -- that is, a near-polar orbit. The spacecraft's mapping operations began six days after entering orbit over the north pole. Because of the nature of the spacecraft's orbit, the two orbiters mapped only the area from 30° north latitude to the pole -- about 115 million square kilometers -- before the mission was completed on 10 July 1984.
A78-0238
Artist: Rick Guidice Pioneer …
3/20/78
Description Artist: Rick Guidice Pioneer Venus Mission Artwork: An artist concept of the orbiter and multiprobe approaching Venus are shown here shortly after probes release - Top to bottom - night probe, day probe sounder probe, North probe, followed by the bus (Note: this original painting's orientation is upside- down)
Date 3/20/78
A78-9052
Photographer: Pioneer-Venus …
12/13/78
Description Photographer: Pioneer-Venus Image (Crescent)
Date 12/13/78
A78-9065
Photograph: Pioneer-Venus Re …
12/20/78
Description Photograph: Pioneer-Venus Replica of Venus de Milo
Date 12/20/78
A78-9066
Photographer: Pioneer-Venus …
1/23/78
Description Photographer: Pioneer-Venus Zerox Image (Greenhouse Effect)
Date 1/23/78
A78-9070
Photographer: Pioneer-Venus …
2/1/78
Description Photographer: Pioneer-Venus Image 00078
Date 2/1/78
A78-9072
Photographer: Pioneer-Venus …
2/5/78
Description Photographer: Pioneer-Venus Image Enhanced Ocpp. 00094
Date 2/5/78
A78-9089
Photographer: Pioneer-Venus …
1/15/78
Description Photographer: Pioneer-Venus Ocpp. Image 00190 Venus
Date 1/15/78
A78-9090
Photographer: Pioneer-Venus …
1/15/80
Description Photographer: Pioneer-Venus Ocpp. Image 00194 Venus
Date 1/15/80
A78-9091
(Oct. 8, 1981 Photographer: …
1/15/80
Description (Oct. 8, 1981 Photographer: Pioneer-Venus Ocpp. Image 00204 Venus
Date 1/15/80
A78-9092
(added Oct. 8, 1981) Photogr …
1/15/80
Description (added Oct. 8, 1981) Photographer: Pioneer Venus Occp. Image 00204 Venus
Date 1/15/80
A78-9093
(added Oct. 8, 1981) Photogr …
5/5/80
Description (added Oct. 8, 1981) Photographer: Pioneer Venus Occp. Image 00102 Venus
Date 5/5/80
A78-9094
(added Oct. 8, 1981) Photogr …
5/20/80
Description (added Oct. 8, 1981) Photographer: Pioneer Venus Occp. Image 00117 Venus
Date 5/20/80
A78-9095
(added Oct. 8, 1981) Photogr …
5/20/80
Description (added Oct. 8, 1981) Photographer: Pioneer Venus Occp. Image 00118 Venus
Date 5/20/80
A78-9096
(added Oct. 8, 1981) Photogr …
5/20/80
Description (added Oct. 8, 1981) Photographer: Pioneer Venus Occp. Image 00133 Venus
Date 5/20/80
A78-9116
(added Oct. 8, 1981) Photogr …
1/14/80
Description (added Oct. 8, 1981) Photographer: Pioneer Venus Occp. Image 00156
Date 1/14/80
A78-9169
Date: Sep. 29, 1981 Photogra …
9/29/81
Description Date: Sep. 29, 1981 Photograph by Pioneer Venus Venus image 0694
Date 9/29/81
AC77-0376-8
Photograph by TRW Charlie Ha …
4/1/77
Description Photograph by TRW Charlie Hall inspects the Pioneer Venus multiprobe at Hughes Aircraft Co. in Dec. 1976
Date 4/1/77
AC78-0238
Artist: Rick Guidice Pioneer …
3/20/78
Description Artist: Rick Guidice Pioneer Venus Mission Artwork: An artist concept of the orbiter and multiprobe approaching Venus are shown here shortly after probes release - Top to bottom - night probe, day probe sounder probe, North probe, followed by the bus (Note: this original painting's orientation is upside- down)
Date 3/20/78
AC78-9037
Photographer: Pioneer-Venus …
12/9/78
Description Photographer: Pioneer-Venus Press Release (Ocpp. Image #2)
Date 12/9/78
AC78-9052
Photographer: Pioneer-Venus …
12/13/78
Description Photographer: Pioneer-Venus Image (Crescent)
Date 12/13/78
AC78-9070
Photographer: Pioneer-Venus …
2/1/78
Description Photographer: Pioneer-Venus Image 00078
Date 2/1/78
AC78-9245
Art by Paul Hudson Pioneer V …
3/21/78
Description Art by Paul Hudson Pioneer Venus: Multiprobe Artwork
Date 3/21/78
AC78-9256
Photograph by Pioneer Venus …
12/12/83
Description Photograph by Pioneer Venus Recent computer enchanced surface relief images of Venus.
Date 12/12/83
AC78-9257
Photograph by Pioneer Venus …
12/12/83
Description Photograph by Pioneer Venus Recent computer enchanced surface relief images of Venus.
Date 12/12/83
AC78-9461
Photograph by Pioneer Venus …
11/11/88
Description Photograph by Pioneer Venus OCPP imagery 0900 collected 5-14-88 10th anniversary release Venus image 7540
Date 11/11/88
AC78-9462
Photograph by Pioneer Venus …
9/15/92
Description Photograph by Pioneer Venus Orbitor-Aurora and Airglow
Date 9/15/92
AC78-9463
Photographer: Pioneer Venus …
6/29/92
Description Photographer: Pioneer Venus Art: Atmosphere Flow Day/Night Homopause, Ionosphere, Thermosphere, and Cryosphere
Date 6/29/92
AC78-9464
Graphic Art Venus - Day - Ni …
1978
Description Graphic Art Venus - Day - Night drawing showing solar wind, bow shock, magnetosheath, clouds and streamers Pioneer Venus SP-461 fig 6-28 Interaction of the solar wind with the atmosphere of Venus as termined from Pioner Venus experiments and observations
Date 1978
A78-9138
Photograph by Pioneer Venus …
11/19/78
Description Photograph by Pioneer Venus Venus image 589
Date 11/19/78
A78-9167
Photograph by Pioneer Venus …
9/29/81
Description Photograph by Pioneer Venus Venus image 0664
Date 9/29/81
A78-9168
Photograph by Pioneer Venus …
9/29/81
Description Photograph by Pioneer Venus Venus image 0693
Date 9/29/81
A78-9176
Photograph by Pioneer Venus …
9/29/81
Description Photograph by Pioneer Venus Venus image 0001
Date 9/29/81
A78-9177
Photograph by Pioneer Venus …
9/29/81
Description Photograph by Pioneer Venus Venus image 0006
Date 9/29/81
A78-9178
Photograph by Pioneer Venus …
9/29/81
Description Photograph by Pioneer Venus Venus image 0007
Date 9/29/81
A78-9179
Photograph by Pioneer Venus …
9/29/81
Description Photograph by Pioneer Venus Venus image 0010
Date 9/29/81
A78-9461
Photograph by Pioneer Venus …
11/29/88
Description Photograph by Pioneer Venus Venus image 7540
Date 11/29/88
Venus - Computer Simulated G …
PIA00104
Sol (our sun)
Imaging Radar
Title Venus - Computer Simulated Global View Centered at 180 Degrees East Longitude
Original Caption Released with Image This global view of the surface of Venus is centered at 180 degrees east longitude. Magellan synthetic aperture radar mosaics from the first cycle of Magellan mapping are mapped onto a computer-simulated globe to create this image. Data gaps are filled with Pioneer Venus Orbiter data, or a constant mid-range value. Simulated color is used to enhance small-scale structure. The simulated hues are based on color images recorded by the Soviet Venera 13 and 14 spacecraft. The image was produced by the Solar System Visualization project and the Magellan science team at the JPL Multimission Image Processing Laboratory and is a single frame from a video released at the October 29, 1991, JPL news conference.
Venus - Lineated Plains in L …
PIA00085
Sol (our sun)
Imaging Radar
Title Venus - Lineated Plains in Lakshmi Region
Original Caption Released with Image This mosaic shows an area of the Lakshmi region that is located 30 degrees north latitude and 333.3 degrees east longitude. (Longitude on Venus is measured from 0 degrees to 360 degrees east). The area shown measures about 37 kilometers (23 miles) wide and 80 kilometers (50 miles) long. Based on data from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and the ground-based Arecibo Radar Observatory, it is known that this region is located on the low rise that separates Sedna Planitia and Guinevere Planitia, just to the west of Eistla Regio. Two sets of parallel lineations are seen intersecting almost at right angles. The fainter lineations are spaced at regular intervals of about one kilometer (0.6 mile) and extend beyond the boundary of the image. The width of the faint lineations is at the limit of resolution of the best Magellan images. The brighter, more dominant lineations are less regular and, in places, appear to begin and end where they intersect the fainter lineations. It is not clear whether the two sets of lineations are faults or fractures, but in other Magellan images, these bright lineations are associated with pit craters and volcanic features. This type of terrain has not been seen on Venus nor on other planets. North is at the top of the image.
Venus - Computer Simulated G …
PIA00257
Sol (our sun)
Imaging Radar
Title Venus - Computer Simulated Global View Centered at 0 Degrees East Longitude
Original Caption Released with Image This global view of the surface of Venus is centered at 0 degrees east longitude. Magellan synthetic aperture radar mosaics from the first cycle of Magellan mapping are mapped onto a computer-simulated globe to create this image. Data gaps are filled with Pioneer Venus Orbiter data, or a constant mid-range value. Simulated color is used to enhance small-scale structure. The simulated hues are based on color images recorded by the Soviet Venera 13 and 14 spacecraft. The image was produced by the Solar System Visualization project and the Magellan Science team at the JPL Multimission Image Processing Laboratory, and is a single frame from a video released at the October 29, 1991, JPL news conference.
Venus - Computer Simulated G …
PIA00252
Sol (our sun)
Imaging Radar
Title Venus - Computer Simulated Global View of Northern Hemisphere
Original Caption Released with Image The northern hemisphere is displayed in this global view of the surface of Venus. The north pole is at the center of the image, with 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees east longitudes at the 6, 3, 12, 9 o'clock positions, respectively, of an imaginary clock face. Magellan synthetic aperture radar mosaics from the first cycle of Magellan mapping are mapped onto a computer-simulated globe to create this image. Data gaps are filled with Pioneer Venus Orbiter data, or a constant mid-range value. Simulated color is used to enhance small-scale structure. The simulated hues are based on color images recorded by the Soviet Venera 13 and 14 spacecraft. The image was produced at the JPL Multimission Image Processing Laboratory and is a single frame from a video released at the October 29, 1991, JPL news conference.
Venus - Simple Cylindrical M …
PIA00256
Sol (our sun)
Imaging Radar
Title Venus - Simple Cylindrical Map of Surface (Eastern Half)
Original Caption Released with Image The eastern half of the planet is displayed in this simple cylindrical map of the surface of Venus. The left edge of the image is at 52.5 degrees east longitude, the right edge at 240 degrees east longitude. The top and bottom of the image are at 90 degrees north latitude and 90 degrees south latitude, respectively. Magellan synthetic aperture radar mosaics from the first cycle of Magellan mapping are mapped onto a rectangular latitude-longitude grid to create this image. Data gaps are filled with Pioneer Venus Orbiter altimetric data, or a constant mid-range value. Simulated color is used to enhance small-scale structure. The simulated hues are based on color images recorded by the Soviet Venera 13 and 14 spacecraft. The image was produced by the Solar System Visualization project and the Magellan science team at the JPL Multimission Image Processing Laboratory.
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