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Opportunity Rover Weathers t …
Mars Exploration Rover, Oppo …
7/23/07
3 Years on Mars: Opportunity
Overview of Mars Exploration …
1/24/07
As Martian Skies Brighten, R …
NASA's Mars Exploration Rove …
Spirit Ascent Movie, Rover's …
PIA04423
Sol (our sun)
Hazard-identification Camera
Title Spirit Ascent Movie, Rover's-Eye View
Original Caption Released with Image A movie assembled from frames taken by the rear hazard-identification camera on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit shows the last few days of the rover's ascent to the crest of "Husband Hill" inside Mars' Gusev Crater. The rover was going in reverse. Rover planners often drive Spirit backwards to keep wheel lubrication well distributed. The images in this clip span a timeframe from Spirit's 573rd martian day, or sol (Aug, 13, 2005) to sol 582 (Aug. 22, 2005), the day after the rover reached the crest. During that period, Spirit drove 136 meters (446 feet),
NASA's Mars Team Teaches Old …
Animated route of Spirit's e …
1/2/07
Spirit's Destination (panora …
PIA05591
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Spirit's Destination (panorama)
Original Caption Released with Image "" Click on the image for Spirit's Destination (panorama) (QTVR) This panoramic image mosaic from the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit panoramic camera, shows the rover's destination toward the hills nicknamed the "Columbia Hills," on the right. The rover's heatshield can be seen on the left as a tiny bright dot in the distance, just under the horizon. Dark drift material can be seen in the image center. The rover is currently positioned outside the view of this image, on the right. This image was taken on sols 68 and 69 of Spirit's mission (March 12 and 13, 2004) from the location the rover first reached on the western rim of the crater. The image is in approximate true color, based on a scaling of data from the red, green and blue (750 nanometers, 530 nanometers, and 480 nanometers) filters.
Spirit Rover on 'Husband Hil …
title Spirit Rover on 'Husband Hill'
Description Two Earth years ago, NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit touched down in Gusev Crater. The rover marked its first Mars-year (687 Earth days) anniversary in November 2005. Shortly before Spirit's Martian anniversary, the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor acquired an image covering approximately 3 kilometers by 3 kilometers (1.9 miles by 1.9 miles) centered on the rover's location at that time in the "Columbia Hills.""Husband Hill," the tallest in the range, is just below the center of the image. The image has a resolution of about 50 centimeters (1.6 feet) per pixel. North is up, illumination is from the left. The location is near 14.8 degrees south latitude, 184.6 degrees west longitude. The image was acquired on Nov. 2, 2005. A white box indicates the location of an excerpted portion on which the location of Spirit on that date is marked. Dr. Timothy J. Parker of the Mars Exploration Rover team at the NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., confirmed the location of the rover in the image. The region toward the bottom of the image shows the area where the rover is currently headed. The large dark patch and other similar dark patches are accumulations of windblown sand and granules. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS
'Fram' in Color
PIA05990
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title 'Fram' in Color
Original Caption Released with Image "" Click on the image for 'Fram' in Color (QTVR) This view in approximately true color reveals details in an impact crater informally named "Fram" in the Meridian Planum region of Mars. The picture is a mosaic of frames taken by the panoramic camera on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity during the rover's 88th martian day on Mars, on April 23, 2004. The crater spans about 8 meters (26 feet) in diameter. Opportunity paused beside it while traveling from the rover's landing site toward a larger crater farther east. This view combines images taken using three of the camera's filters for different wavelengths of light: 750 nanometers, 530 nanometers and 430 nanometers.
'Fram' in Color
PIA05990
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title 'Fram' in Color
Original Caption Released with Image "" Click on the image for 'Fram' in Color (QTVR) This view in approximately true color reveals details in an impact crater informally named "Fram" in the Meridian Planum region of Mars. The picture is a mosaic of frames taken by the panoramic camera on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity during the rover's 88th martian day on Mars, on April 23, 2004. The crater spans about 8 meters (26 feet) in diameter. Opportunity paused beside it while traveling from the rover's landing site toward a larger crater farther east. This view combines images taken using three of the camera's filters for different wavelengths of light: 750 nanometers, 530 nanometers and 430 nanometers.
Dragging Its Foot
PIA05304
Sol (our sun)
Hazard Identification Camera …
Title Dragging Its Foot
Original Caption Released with Image This composite image shows a bird's-eye view of the crater occupied by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity at Meridiani Planum, Mars. A portion of the lander can be seen to the bottom left of the image's circular center. Bounce marks can be seen below and to the top left of the center. The rock outcrop containing many of the rover's rock targets runs from the top right of the image to the left of the image. The rover, which cannot be seen in the image, is located in the southwest quadrant, just left of the lander. Data depicting the inside of the crater wall is from the rover's panoramic camera. Data depicting the outside of the crater wall is from the camera on the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor. The top of the image faces north, and the image area measures approximately 22 meters (72 feet) wide. Figure 1 (Click on image for larger view) Opportunity Traverse Map This composite image (Figure 1) maps the areas traveled by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity at Meridiani Planum, Mars. Dotted lines represent areas the rover has already traveled. Solid lines represent areas still on the rover's travel agenda. Data depicting the inside of the crater wall is from the rover's panoramic camera. Data depicting the outside of the crater wall is from the camera on the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor. The top of the image faces north, and the image area measures approximately 22 meters (72 feet) wide. Figure 2 (Click on image for larger view) Opportunity Future Traverse Map This composite image maps a future travel itinerary for the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity at Meridiani Planum, Mars. The rover is currently located at the trench site toward the bottom left of the image. It has already been to the location named "Stone Mountain." Controllers plan to investigate the other labeled areas on the rock outcrop. Data depicting the inside of the crater wall is from the rover's panoramic camera. Data depicting the outside of the crater wall is from the camera on the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor. The top of the image faces north, and the image area measures approximately 22 meters (72 feet) wide.
Dragging Its Foot
PIA05304
Sol (our sun)
Hazard Identification Camera …
Title Dragging Its Foot
Original Caption Released with Image This composite image shows a bird's-eye view of the crater occupied by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity at Meridiani Planum, Mars. A portion of the lander can be seen to the bottom left of the image's circular center. Bounce marks can be seen below and to the top left of the center. The rock outcrop containing many of the rover's rock targets runs from the top right of the image to the left of the image. The rover, which cannot be seen in the image, is located in the southwest quadrant, just left of the lander. Data depicting the inside of the crater wall is from the rover's panoramic camera. Data depicting the outside of the crater wall is from the camera on the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor. The top of the image faces north, and the image area measures approximately 22 meters (72 feet) wide. Figure 1 (Click on image for larger view) Opportunity Traverse Map This composite image (Figure 1) maps the areas traveled by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity at Meridiani Planum, Mars. Dotted lines represent areas the rover has already traveled. Solid lines represent areas still on the rover's travel agenda. Data depicting the inside of the crater wall is from the rover's panoramic camera. Data depicting the outside of the crater wall is from the camera on the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor. The top of the image faces north, and the image area measures approximately 22 meters (72 feet) wide. Figure 2 (Click on image for larger view) Opportunity Future Traverse Map This composite image maps a future travel itinerary for the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity at Meridiani Planum, Mars. The rover is currently located at the trench site toward the bottom left of the image. It has already been to the location named "Stone Mountain." Controllers plan to investigate the other labeled areas on the rock outcrop. Data depicting the inside of the crater wall is from the rover's panoramic camera. Data depicting the outside of the crater wall is from the camera on the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor. The top of the image faces north, and the image area measures approximately 22 meters (72 feet) wide.
Dragging Its Foot
PIA05304
Sol (our sun)
Hazard Identification Camera …
Title Dragging Its Foot
Original Caption Released with Image This composite image shows a bird's-eye view of the crater occupied by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity at Meridiani Planum, Mars. A portion of the lander can be seen to the bottom left of the image's circular center. Bounce marks can be seen below and to the top left of the center. The rock outcrop containing many of the rover's rock targets runs from the top right of the image to the left of the image. The rover, which cannot be seen in the image, is located in the southwest quadrant, just left of the lander. Data depicting the inside of the crater wall is from the rover's panoramic camera. Data depicting the outside of the crater wall is from the camera on the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor. The top of the image faces north, and the image area measures approximately 22 meters (72 feet) wide. Figure 1 (Click on image for larger view) Opportunity Traverse Map This composite image (Figure 1) maps the areas traveled by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity at Meridiani Planum, Mars. Dotted lines represent areas the rover has already traveled. Solid lines represent areas still on the rover's travel agenda. Data depicting the inside of the crater wall is from the rover's panoramic camera. Data depicting the outside of the crater wall is from the camera on the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor. The top of the image faces north, and the image area measures approximately 22 meters (72 feet) wide. Figure 2 (Click on image for larger view) Opportunity Future Traverse Map This composite image maps a future travel itinerary for the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity at Meridiani Planum, Mars. The rover is currently located at the trench site toward the bottom left of the image. It has already been to the location named "Stone Mountain." Controllers plan to investigate the other labeled areas on the rock outcrop. Data depicting the inside of the crater wall is from the rover's panoramic camera. Data depicting the outside of the crater wall is from the camera on the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor. The top of the image faces north, and the image area measures approximately 22 meters (72 feet) wide.
Cape Verde, Mars
This Mars Exploration Rover …
4/1/08
Description This Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity Pancam "super resolution" mosaic of the approximately 6 meter (20 foot) high cliff face of the Cape Verde promontory was taken by the rover from inside Victoria Crater, during the rover's descent into Duck Bay. Super-resolution is an imaging technique that utilizes information from multiple pictures of the same target in order to generate an image with a higher resolution than any of the individual images. Cape Verde is a geologically rich outcrop and is teaching scientists about how rocks at Victoria crater were modified since they were deposited long ago. This image complements super resolution mosaics obtained at Cape St. Mary and Cape St. Vincent and is consistent with the hypothesis that Victoria crater is located in the middle of what used to be an ancient sand dune field. This image was acquired on sols 1342 and 1356 (Nov. 2 and 17, 2007). Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell University
Date 4/1/08
Spirit on "Husband Hill," wi …
title Spirit on "Husband Hill," with 2004 Comparison
Description Two Earth years ago, NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit touched down in Gusev Crater. The rover marked its first Mars-year (687 Earth days) anniversary in November 2005. On Nov. 2, 2005, shortly before Spirit's Martian anniversary, the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor acquired an image centered on the rover's location in the "Columbia Hills." The location of Spirit on that date is circled on the image on the right. On the left, for comparison, is an image from Jan. 10, 2004, when few dreamed that the Spirit would ever reach the hills from its landing site about three kilometers (two miles) away. The newer image has a resolution of about 50 centimeters (1.6 feet) per pixel. North is up, illumination is from the left. The location is near 14.8 degrees south latitude, 184.6 degrees west longitude. Dr. Timothy J. Parker of the Mars Exploration Rover team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., confirmed the location of the rover in the 2005 image. The scale bar is 50 meters (164 feet). Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS
95-degree Position on Mars
PIA05067
Sol (our sun)
Hazard Identification Camera
Title 95-degree Position on Mars
Original Caption Released with Image This image from the hazard avoidance camera on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit shows the rover in its near-final turned position on the lander at Gusev Crater. At this point, the rover has turned 95 degrees, with 115 degrees being its goal position. This picture looks remarkably similar to the image taken during a "dress rehearsal" at the JPL In-Situ Laboratory, or "testbed," prior to the maneuver on Mars.
Rover Team Decides: Safety F …
PIA02399
Sol (our sun)
Navigation Camera
Title Rover Team Decides: Safety First
Original Caption Released with Image NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit recorded this view while approaching the northwestern edge of "Home Plate," a circular plateau-like area of bright, layered outcrop material roughly 80 meters (260 feet) in diameter. The images combined into this mosaic were taken by Spirit's navigation camera during the rover's 746th, 748th and 750th Martian days, or sols (Feb. 7, 9 and 11, 2006). With Martian winter closing in, engineers and scientists working with NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit decided to play it safe for the time being rather than attempt to visit the far side of Home Plate in search of rock layers that might show evidence of a past watery environment. This feature has been one of the major milestones of the mission. Though it's conceivable that rock layers might be exposed on the opposite side, sunlight is diminishing on the rover's solar panels and team members chose not to travel in a counterclockwise direction that would take the rover to the west and south slopes of the plateau. Slopes in that direction are hidden from view and team members chose, following a long, thorough discussion, to have the rover travel clockwise and remain on north-facing slopes rather than risk sending the rover deeper into unknown terrain. In addition to studying numerous images from Spirit's cameras, team members studied three-dimensional models created with images from the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Globel Surveyor orbiter. The models showed a valley on the southern side of Home Plate, the slopes of which might cause the rover's solar panels to lose power for unknown lengths of time. In addition, images from Spirit's cameras showed a nearby, talus-covered section of slope on the west side of Home Plate, rather than exposed rock layers scientists eventually hope to investigate. Home Plate has been on the rover's potential itinerary since the early days of the mission, when it stood out in images taken by the Mars Orbiter Camera shortly after the rover landed on Mars. Spirit arrived at Home Plate after traveling 4 miles (6.4 kilometers) across the plains of Gusev Crater, up the slopes of "West Spur" and "Husband Hill," and down again. Scientists are studying the origin of the layering in the outcrop using the Athena science instruments on the rover's arm.
Rover Rehearses Roll-Off at …
PIA05087
Title Rover Rehearses Roll-Off at JPL
Original Caption Released with Image Footage from the JPL In-Situ Instruments Laboratory, or "testbed," shows engineers rehearsing a crucial maneuver called egress in which the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit rolls off its lander platform and touches martian soil. Engineers at JPL used a test rover to perform this maneuver as if they were at the rover's landing site, Gusev Crater on Mars. Spirit successfully completed its roll-off early Thursday morning.
Do the Hokey Pokey
PIA06268
Sol (our sun)
Hazard Identification Camera
Title Do the Hokey Pokey
Original Caption Released with Image This animation shows the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity's "dance" into "Endurance Crater." The rover drove forward, back, then forward again, bringing it five meters (16.4 feet) into the crater. Presently, the rover is investigating a flat rock dubbed "Tennessee" with its scientific instruments. The images making up this movie were taken by the rover's front hazard-avoidance camera.
Opportunity Catches its Shad …
PIA06739
Sol (our sun)
Hazard-identification Camera
Title Opportunity Catches its Shadow on Sol 180
Original Caption Released with Image This self-portrait of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity comes courtesy of the Sun and the rover's front hazard-avoidance camera. The dramatic snapshot of Opportunity's shadow was taken as the rover continues to move farther into "Endurance Crater." The image was taken on sol 180 (July 26, 2004), a date that marks achievement of fully double the rover's primary 90-sol mission.
A Bird's-Eye View of Erebus
title A Bird's-Eye View of Erebus
date 11.23.2005
description This false-color view combines frames taken by the panoramic camera on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity on the rover's 652 through 663 Martian days, or sols (Nov. 23 to Dec. 5, 2005), at the edge of Erebus Crater. The mosaic is presented as a vertical projection. This type of projection provides a true-to-scale overhead view of the rover deck and nearby surrounding terrain. The view here shows outcrop rocks, sand dunes, and other features out to a distance of about 25 meters (82 feet) from the rover. Opportunity examined targets on the outcrop called "Rimrock" in front of the rover, testing the mobility and operation of Opportunity's robotic arm. The view shows examples of the dunes and ripples that Opportunity has been crossing as the rover drives on the Meridiani plains. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell
At the Edge of 'Endurance'
PIA05872
Sol (our sun)
Title At the Edge of 'Endurance'
Original Caption Released with Image This image shows the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity at the end of its sol 95 drive to the edge of "Endurance Crater." The rover stopped within 40 centimeters (15.7 inches) of the crater's edge on its first approach, seen in this image. The terrain model in this image was generated with a special software program called the Rover Sequencing and Visualization Program. The program is used by rover drivers to simulate and safely plan the rover's approach path. Blank areas in the image denote missing data.
Spirit's Destination (panora …
PIA05591
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Spirit's Destination (panorama)
Original Caption Released with Image "" Click on the image for Spirit's Destination (panorama) (QTVR) This panoramic image mosaic from the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit panoramic camera, shows the rover's destination toward the hills nicknamed the "Columbia Hills," on the right. The rover's heatshield can be seen on the left as a tiny bright dot in the distance, just under the horizon. Dark drift material can be seen in the image center. The rover is currently positioned outside the view of this image, on the right. This image was taken on sols 68 and 69 of Spirit's mission (March 12 and 13, 2004) from the location the rover first reached on the western rim of the crater. The image is in approximate true color, based on a scaling of data from the red, green and blue (750 nanometers, 530 nanometers, and 480 nanometers) filters.
Curious Dimples
PIA05718
Sol (our sun)
Navigation Camera
Title Curious Dimples
Original Caption Released with Image This image from the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity's navigation camera was taken on the rover's 71st sol on the red planet. On the previous sol, the rover drove beside a sinuous trough in the plains of Meridiani Planum to get a closer look at its curious dimples. The rover then approached the pictured trough area referred to as "Anatolia." From a distance, the rocks here resemble those in the "Eagle Crater" outcrop. These rocks will be imaged in greater detail with the rover's cameras.
Pointing at 'Puffin'
PIA06832
Sol (our sun)
Navigation Camera
Title Pointing at 'Puffin'
Original Caption Released with Image The intriguing dunes at the bottom of "Endurance Crater" presented a tantalizing target for the science team for NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity. After analyzing the soil near and around the dunes, however, the rover engineering team decided that it was too risky to send Opportunity any closer. The terrain between the rover and the dune tendril did not present clear evidence of rocky plates to give the rover sufficient traction. A finger-like dune tendril pictured here (left) is, essentially, pointing to the rover's current area of investigation. Opportunity rolled over the foreground rock, called "Puffin." During the past several sols the rover has been examining its new neighborhood, an area that includes the rocks "Ellesmere" and "Escher" (not pictured) and the soil targets "Shag" and "Auk" (also not pictured). Experiencing significant slippage, the rover did some unintended trenching and left deep tracks in this area. This view is a mosaic of two images taken by the rover's navigation camera on Opportunity's 206th sol on Mars (August 22, 2004) and presented in a perspective projection. Figure 1 is a cylindrical-perspective projection and Figure 2 is a cylindrical perspective.
Pointing at 'Puffin'
PIA06832
Sol (our sun)
Navigation Camera
Title Pointing at 'Puffin'
Original Caption Released with Image The intriguing dunes at the bottom of "Endurance Crater" presented a tantalizing target for the science team for NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity. After analyzing the soil near and around the dunes, however, the rover engineering team decided that it was too risky to send Opportunity any closer. The terrain between the rover and the dune tendril did not present clear evidence of rocky plates to give the rover sufficient traction. A finger-like dune tendril pictured here (left) is, essentially, pointing to the rover's current area of investigation. Opportunity rolled over the foreground rock, called "Puffin." During the past several sols the rover has been examining its new neighborhood, an area that includes the rocks "Ellesmere" and "Escher" (not pictured) and the soil targets "Shag" and "Auk" (also not pictured). Experiencing significant slippage, the rover did some unintended trenching and left deep tracks in this area. This view is a mosaic of two images taken by the rover's navigation camera on Opportunity's 206th sol on Mars (August 22, 2004) and presented in a perspective projection. Figure 1 is a cylindrical-perspective projection and Figure 2 is a cylindrical perspective.
Pointing at 'Puffin'
PIA06832
Sol (our sun)
Navigation Camera
Title Pointing at 'Puffin'
Original Caption Released with Image The intriguing dunes at the bottom of "Endurance Crater" presented a tantalizing target for the science team for NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity. After analyzing the soil near and around the dunes, however, the rover engineering team decided that it was too risky to send Opportunity any closer. The terrain between the rover and the dune tendril did not present clear evidence of rocky plates to give the rover sufficient traction. A finger-like dune tendril pictured here (left) is, essentially, pointing to the rover's current area of investigation. Opportunity rolled over the foreground rock, called "Puffin." During the past several sols the rover has been examining its new neighborhood, an area that includes the rocks "Ellesmere" and "Escher" (not pictured) and the soil targets "Shag" and "Auk" (also not pictured). Experiencing significant slippage, the rover did some unintended trenching and left deep tracks in this area. This view is a mosaic of two images taken by the rover's navigation camera on Opportunity's 206th sol on Mars (August 22, 2004) and presented in a perspective projection. Figure 1 is a cylindrical-perspective projection and Figure 2 is a cylindrical perspective.
Spirit on "Husband Hill," wi …
PIA03255
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
Title Spirit on "Husband Hill," with 2004 Comparison
Original Caption Released with Image Two Earth years ago, NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit touched down in Gusev Crater. The rover marked its first Mars-year (687 Earth days) anniversary in November 2005. On Nov. 2, 2005, shortly before Spirit's Martian anniversary, the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor acquired an image centered on the rover's location in the "Columbia Hills." The location of Spirit on that date is circled on the image on the right. On the left, for comparison, is an image from Jan. 10, 2004, when few dreamed that the Spirit would ever reach the hills from its landing site about three kilometers (two miles) away. The newer image has a resolution of about 50 centimeters (1.6 feet) per pixel. North is up, illumination is from the left. The location is near 14.8 degrees south latitude, 184.6 degrees west longitude. Dr. Timothy J. Parker of the Mars Exploration Rover team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., confirmed the location of the rover in the 2005 image. The scale bar is 50 meters (164 feet).
Challenger Memorial Station, …
PIA05165
Sol (our sun)
Descent Image Motion Estimat …
Title Challenger Memorial Station, Meridiani Planum, Mars
Original Caption Released with Image A composite image reveals the local region surrounding the Challenger Memorial Station [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA05150 ]. The image is actually an amalgamation of a Mars Global Surveyor's Mars Orbiter Camera image and the third and final picture taken by Opportunity's DIMES camera ( Descent Image Motion Estimation System) during descent. The location of the site is a 20-meter (65.6 foot) wide, 2-meter (6.6 foot) deep crater somewhere in this composite image. The final crew of the space shuttle Challenger was lost when the shuttle suffered an in-flight breakup during launch on Jan. 28, 1986. Figure 1"Opportunity's Turf" April 8, 2004 This map highlights the past and future stomping grounds of the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity. "Eagle Crater" is the small crater where the rover landed over two months ago. "Anatolia," named after the Anatolian fault system in Turkey, is the trough the rover is currently investigating. "Endurance" is the large crater the rover will travel toward in coming sols. The underlying image was taken by the camera onboard the Mars Global Surveyor orbiter.
Challenger Memorial Station, …
PIA05165
Sol (our sun)
Descent Image Motion Estimat …
Title Challenger Memorial Station, Meridiani Planum, Mars
Original Caption Released with Image A composite image reveals the local region surrounding the Challenger Memorial Station [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA05150 ]. The image is actually an amalgamation of a Mars Global Surveyor's Mars Orbiter Camera image and the third and final picture taken by Opportunity's DIMES camera ( Descent Image Motion Estimation System) during descent. The location of the site is a 20-meter (65.6 foot) wide, 2-meter (6.6 foot) deep crater somewhere in this composite image. The final crew of the space shuttle Challenger was lost when the shuttle suffered an in-flight breakup during launch on Jan. 28, 1986. Figure 1"Opportunity's Turf" April 8, 2004 This map highlights the past and future stomping grounds of the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity. "Eagle Crater" is the small crater where the rover landed over two months ago. "Anatolia," named after the Anatolian fault system in Turkey, is the trough the rover is currently investigating. "Endurance" is the large crater the rover will travel toward in coming sols. The underlying image was taken by the camera onboard the Mars Global Surveyor orbiter.
Wheel Tracks from Landing Si …
PIA07192
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
Title Wheel Tracks from Landing Site to Hills
Original Caption Released with Image The three-frame set in figure 2 is a segmented version of the orbital view of the NASA rover Spirit's trail from the rover's landing site to the "Columbia Hills." The images were taken by the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. North is up. The location of Spirit's lander, parachute, and backshell are indicated in frame A, and the rover track down toward the Columbia Hills can be traced through A, B, and C. In frame A, "Bonneville Crater" is the largest crater. Spirit drove up to Bonneville's rim and looked inside before driving away toward the southeast. The base of the Columbia Hills is seen in the lower right quarter of frame C. In frame B, notice that the rover track followed along the edge of a lighter-toned streak and wider dark streak, believed to have been formed by a dust devil before Spirit landed. The proximity of the rover to this streak was not recognized in rover images., Wheel tracks left by the NASA rover Spirit's 3-kilometer (2-mile) trek from its landing site to the "Columbia Hills" are visible in this orbital view from the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. Spirit's rover track shows up nicely from orbit because the surfaces disrupted and churned by the wheels are darker than the surrounding, dust-coated plain. North is up. The largest crater in the view, dubbed "Bonneville Crater," is about 210 meters (230 yards) in diameter. The picture is a composite of Mars Orbiter Camera image R15-02643, taken on March 30, 2004, when Spirit was near the south rim of Bonneville Crater, and image R20-01024, taken Aug. 18, 2004, when Spirit was climbing the hills' western spur, seen in the picture's bottom right corner. "New Dark Streak Near Spirit" In figure 1, frames taken from orbit 20 weeks apart (top pair) and by the NASA rover Spirit at ground level (bottom) show the formation of a new dark streak on the ground in the area where Spirit was driving inside Mars' Gusev Crater in April 2004. The new dark streak and other dark streaks in the area are believed to result from dust devils removing brighter dust from the surface. The upper frames were taken by the Mars Orbiter Camera aboard NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. They are from the same pair of images combined to create the orbital view of the NASA rover Spirit's trail from the rover's landing site to the "Columbia Hills." The orbiter took the upper-left picture on March 30, 2004 (Spirit's 85th martian day, or sol). It took the upper-right picture on Aug. 18, 2004 (Spirit's sol 223). A dark streak occurs in the larger crater in the lower right quarter of the August image. This streak was not present when the March image was obtained. Inspection of the lower image, which was taken by Spirit's navigation camera when the rover was at the rim of this crater on sol 106 (April 20, 2004), reveals that the streak was present by then. Thus, the dust devil must have occurred some time between March 30 and April 20. The dust devil was not observed by the rover. In addition to the formation of this dark streak, another change seems to have occurred at the landing site. The rover track between the lander and Bonneville Crater seems to have faded between March 30 and Aug. 18. This could be an artifact of the different sunlight illumination conditions between the two images, or it may indicate that fine dust settled on the older portions of the track, obscuring it. The Mars Orbiter Camera team plans to re-visit the Spirit lander site from time to time to see what other changes may occur. "Orbital View of Spirit's Neighborhood"
Wheel Tracks from Landing Si …
PIA07192
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
Title Wheel Tracks from Landing Site to Hills
Original Caption Released with Image The three-frame set in figure 2 is a segmented version of the orbital view of the NASA rover Spirit's trail from the rover's landing site to the "Columbia Hills." The images were taken by the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. North is up. The location of Spirit's lander, parachute, and backshell are indicated in frame A, and the rover track down toward the Columbia Hills can be traced through A, B, and C. In frame A, "Bonneville Crater" is the largest crater. Spirit drove up to Bonneville's rim and looked inside before driving away toward the southeast. The base of the Columbia Hills is seen in the lower right quarter of frame C. In frame B, notice that the rover track followed along the edge of a lighter-toned streak and wider dark streak, believed to have been formed by a dust devil before Spirit landed. The proximity of the rover to this streak was not recognized in rover images., Wheel tracks left by the NASA rover Spirit's 3-kilometer (2-mile) trek from its landing site to the "Columbia Hills" are visible in this orbital view from the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. Spirit's rover track shows up nicely from orbit because the surfaces disrupted and churned by the wheels are darker than the surrounding, dust-coated plain. North is up. The largest crater in the view, dubbed "Bonneville Crater," is about 210 meters (230 yards) in diameter. The picture is a composite of Mars Orbiter Camera image R15-02643, taken on March 30, 2004, when Spirit was near the south rim of Bonneville Crater, and image R20-01024, taken Aug. 18, 2004, when Spirit was climbing the hills' western spur, seen in the picture's bottom right corner. "New Dark Streak Near Spirit" In figure 1, frames taken from orbit 20 weeks apart (top pair) and by the NASA rover Spirit at ground level (bottom) show the formation of a new dark streak on the ground in the area where Spirit was driving inside Mars' Gusev Crater in April 2004. The new dark streak and other dark streaks in the area are believed to result from dust devils removing brighter dust from the surface. The upper frames were taken by the Mars Orbiter Camera aboard NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. They are from the same pair of images combined to create the orbital view of the NASA rover Spirit's trail from the rover's landing site to the "Columbia Hills." The orbiter took the upper-left picture on March 30, 2004 (Spirit's 85th martian day, or sol). It took the upper-right picture on Aug. 18, 2004 (Spirit's sol 223). A dark streak occurs in the larger crater in the lower right quarter of the August image. This streak was not present when the March image was obtained. Inspection of the lower image, which was taken by Spirit's navigation camera when the rover was at the rim of this crater on sol 106 (April 20, 2004), reveals that the streak was present by then. Thus, the dust devil must have occurred some time between March 30 and April 20. The dust devil was not observed by the rover. In addition to the formation of this dark streak, another change seems to have occurred at the landing site. The rover track between the lander and Bonneville Crater seems to have faded between March 30 and Aug. 18. This could be an artifact of the different sunlight illumination conditions between the two images, or it may indicate that fine dust settled on the older portions of the track, obscuring it. The Mars Orbiter Camera team plans to re-visit the Spirit lander site from time to time to see what other changes may occur. "Orbital View of Spirit's Neighborhood"
Wheel Tracks from Landing Si …
PIA07192
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
Title Wheel Tracks from Landing Site to Hills
Original Caption Released with Image The three-frame set in figure 2 is a segmented version of the orbital view of the NASA rover Spirit's trail from the rover's landing site to the "Columbia Hills." The images were taken by the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. North is up. The location of Spirit's lander, parachute, and backshell are indicated in frame A, and the rover track down toward the Columbia Hills can be traced through A, B, and C. In frame A, "Bonneville Crater" is the largest crater. Spirit drove up to Bonneville's rim and looked inside before driving away toward the southeast. The base of the Columbia Hills is seen in the lower right quarter of frame C. In frame B, notice that the rover track followed along the edge of a lighter-toned streak and wider dark streak, believed to have been formed by a dust devil before Spirit landed. The proximity of the rover to this streak was not recognized in rover images., Wheel tracks left by the NASA rover Spirit's 3-kilometer (2-mile) trek from its landing site to the "Columbia Hills" are visible in this orbital view from the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. Spirit's rover track shows up nicely from orbit because the surfaces disrupted and churned by the wheels are darker than the surrounding, dust-coated plain. North is up. The largest crater in the view, dubbed "Bonneville Crater," is about 210 meters (230 yards) in diameter. The picture is a composite of Mars Orbiter Camera image R15-02643, taken on March 30, 2004, when Spirit was near the south rim of Bonneville Crater, and image R20-01024, taken Aug. 18, 2004, when Spirit was climbing the hills' western spur, seen in the picture's bottom right corner. "New Dark Streak Near Spirit" In figure 1, frames taken from orbit 20 weeks apart (top pair) and by the NASA rover Spirit at ground level (bottom) show the formation of a new dark streak on the ground in the area where Spirit was driving inside Mars' Gusev Crater in April 2004. The new dark streak and other dark streaks in the area are believed to result from dust devils removing brighter dust from the surface. The upper frames were taken by the Mars Orbiter Camera aboard NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. They are from the same pair of images combined to create the orbital view of the NASA rover Spirit's trail from the rover's landing site to the "Columbia Hills." The orbiter took the upper-left picture on March 30, 2004 (Spirit's 85th martian day, or sol). It took the upper-right picture on Aug. 18, 2004 (Spirit's sol 223). A dark streak occurs in the larger crater in the lower right quarter of the August image. This streak was not present when the March image was obtained. Inspection of the lower image, which was taken by Spirit's navigation camera when the rover was at the rim of this crater on sol 106 (April 20, 2004), reveals that the streak was present by then. Thus, the dust devil must have occurred some time between March 30 and April 20. The dust devil was not observed by the rover. In addition to the formation of this dark streak, another change seems to have occurred at the landing site. The rover track between the lander and Bonneville Crater seems to have faded between March 30 and Aug. 18. This could be an artifact of the different sunlight illumination conditions between the two images, or it may indicate that fine dust settled on the older portions of the track, obscuring it. The Mars Orbiter Camera team plans to re-visit the Spirit lander site from time to time to see what other changes may occur. "Orbital View of Spirit's Neighborhood"
Spirit's Express Route to 'C …
PIA05834
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera, Thermal …
Title Spirit's Express Route to 'Columbia Hills'
Original Caption Released with Image This map illustrates the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit's position as of sol 112 (April 26, 2004), near the crater called "Missoula." Like a train on a tight schedule, Spirit will make regular stops along the way to its ultimate destination, the "Columbia Hills." At each stop, or "station," the rover will briefly analyze the area's rocks and soils. Each tick mark on the rover's route represents one sol's worth of travel, or about 60 to 70 meters (200 to 230 feet). Rover planners estimate that Spirit will reach the hills around mid-June. Presently, the rover is stopped at a site called "Plains Station." The color thermal data show how well different surface features hold onto heat. Red indicates warmth, blue indicates coolness. Areas with higher temperatures are more likely to be rocky, as rocks absorb heat. Lower temperatures denote small particles and fewer rocks. During its traverse, Spirit will document the causes of these temperature variations. The map comprises data from the camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor orbiter and the thermal emission imaging system on NASA's Mars Odyssey orbiter.
New Look at "Endurance" via …
PIA06758
Sol (our sun)
Navigation Camera
Title New Look at "Endurance" via Mars Express
Original Caption Released with Image This view of the interior slope and rim of "Endurance Crater" comes from the navigation camera on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity with an assist from the European Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter. Opportunity took the three frames that make up this image on the rover's 188th martian day (Aug. 4, 2004), before transmitting this and other data to Mars Express. The orbiter then relayed the data to Earth. Rover wheel tracks are visible in the foreground.
Patches of Hematite
PIA05549
Sol (our sun)
Miniature Thermal Emission S …
Title Patches of Hematite
Original Caption Released with Image These maps, acquired from the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity prior to the rover's roll-off, are shown along with data collected at the five locations the rover visited along the Meridiani Planum rock outcrop (dubbed "Alpha,""Bravo,""Charlie," Delta," and "Echo"). The data, collected by the rover's miniature thermal emission spectrometer, has been superimposed on images taken by the navigation camera. The areas investigated are different sizes because of the differing distances from the rover. The bright red region behind the rover has one of the highest hematite concentrations observed in the crater. The areas on the floor of the crater and in the outcrop that the rover has been sampling have much lower hematite concentrations than those found on the surrounding plains. Data from the miniature thermal emission spectrometer show that the floor of the crater is covered with basaltic sand.
Mind of Its Own
PIA05268
Sol (our sun)
Hazard Identification Camera
Title Mind of Its Own
Original Caption Released with Image This animation shows the path the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit traveled during its 24-meter (78.7-foot) autonomous drive across the bumpy terrain at Gusev Crater, Mars, on the 39th day, or sol, of its mission. The colored data are from the rover's hazard-avoidance camera and have been reconstructed to show the topography of the land. Red areas indicate extremely hazardous terrain, and green patches denote safe, smooth ground. At the end of its drive, Spirit decided it was safer to back up then go forward. The rover is now positioned directly in front of its target, a rock dubbed Stone Council.
90 Sols in 90 Seconds
PIA05724
Sol (our sun)
Hazard Identification Camera …
Title 90 Sols in 90 Seconds
Original Caption Released with Image In 90 martian days, NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit has performed a remarkable series of drives, digs and scientific investigations at Gusev Crater, Mars. This video documents many of the rover's accomplishments by stringing together images taken throughout the mission by the rover's front hazard-avoidance camera and microscopic imager instrument.
A Well-Traveled 'Eagle Crate …
PIA05633
Sol (our sun)
Navigation Camera
Title A Well-Traveled 'Eagle Crater'
Original Caption Released with Image This is the 3-D version of the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity's view on its 56th sol on Mars, before it left "Eagle Crater." To the right, the rover tracks are visible at the original spot where the rover attempted unsuccessfully to exit the crater. After a one-sol delay, Opportunity took another route to the plains of Meridiani Planum. This image was taken by the rover's navigation camera.
A Well-Traveled 'Eagle Crate …
PIA05631
Sol (our sun)
Navigation Camera
Title A Well-Traveled 'Eagle Crater' (right-eye)
Original Caption Released with Image This is the right-eye version of the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity's view on its 56th sol on Mars, before it left its landing-site crater. To the right, the rover tracks are visible at the original spot where the rover attempted unsuccessfully to exit the crater. After a one-sol delay, Opportunity took another route to the plains of Meridiani Planum. This image was taken by the rover's navigation camera.
A Well-Traveled 'Eagle Crate …
PIA05632
Sol (our sun)
Navigation Camera
Title A Well-Traveled 'Eagle Crater' (left-eye)
Original Caption Released with Image This is the left-eye version of the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity's view on its 56th sol on Mars, before it left its landing-site crater. To the right, the rover tracks are visible at the original spot where the rover attempted unsuccessfully to exit the crater. After a one-sol delay, Opportunity took another route to the plains of Meridiani Planum. This image was taken by the rover's navigation camera.
Eagle-eye View of "Eagle Cra …
PIA05636
Sol (our sun)
Navigation Camera
Title Eagle-eye View of "Eagle Crater
Original Caption Released with Image This image shows the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity's view on its 56th sol on Mars, before it left its landing-site crater. To the right, the rover tracks are visible at the original spot where the rover attempted unsuccessfully to exit the crater. After a one-sol delay, Opportunity took another route to the plains of Meridiani Planum. This image was taken by the rover's navigation camera.
Surveying the Scene Above Op …
PIA09687
Sol (our sun)
HiRISE, Panoramic Camera
Title Surveying the Scene Above Opportunity (Simulation)
Original Caption Released with Image "" Click on the image to view the animation""Lower resolution animation This animation shows a hypothetical flyover above Victoria Crater, where NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity is perched on a rim. The rover is expected to begin rolling down into the crater in early July 2007. The first part of the movie is based on data taken by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment camera. A simulated rover is shown at the site where Opportunity will enter the crater, an alcove nicknamed "Duck Bay." The movie then transitions to a panoramic view of Victoria Crater taken from the top of Duck Bay by Opportunity's panoramic camera.
Surveying the Scene Above Op …
PIA09687
Sol (our sun)
HiRISE, Panoramic Camera
Title Surveying the Scene Above Opportunity (Simulation)
Original Caption Released with Image "" Click on the image to view the animation""Lower resolution animation This animation shows a hypothetical flyover above Victoria Crater, where NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity is perched on a rim. The rover is expected to begin rolling down into the crater in early July 2007. The first part of the movie is based on data taken by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment camera. A simulated rover is shown at the site where Opportunity will enter the crater, an alcove nicknamed "Duck Bay." The movie then transitions to a panoramic view of Victoria Crater taken from the top of Duck Bay by Opportunity's panoramic camera.
Right on Target
Title Right on Target
Description This map shows the estimated location of the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit within Gusev Crater, Mars. Engineers targeted Spirit for the center of the blue ellipse. Measurements taken during the rover's descent by the Deep Space Network predicted its landing site to be the spot marked with a black dot. Later measurements taken on the ground by both the Deep Space Network and the orbiter Mars Odyssey narrowed the predicted landing site to a spot marked with a white dot. When initially choosing a landing site for the rover, engineers avoided hazardous terrain outlined here in yellow and red. This map consists of data from Mars Odyssey and Mars Global Surveyor.
Date 01.13.2004
Right on Target-2
Title Right on Target-2
Description This map shows a close-up look at the estimated location of the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit within Gusev Crater, Mars. Measurements taken during the rover's descent by the Deep Space Network predicted its landing site to be the spot marked with a black dot. Later measurements taken on the ground by both the Deep Space Network and the orbiter Mars Odyssey narrowed the predicted landing site to a spot marked with a white dot. When initially choosing a landing site for the rover, engineers avoided hazardous craters outlined here in yellow and red. This map consists of data from Mars Odyssey and Mars Global Surveyor.
Date 01.13.2004
Spirit's Neighborhood in 'Co …
title Spirit's Neighborhood in 'Columbia Hills,' in Stereo
Description Two Earth years ago, NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit touched down in Gusev Crater. The rover marked its first Mars-year (687 Earth days) anniversary in November 2005. On Nov. 2, 2005, shortly before Spirit's Martian anniversary, the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor acquired an image covering approximately 3 kilometers by 3 kilometers (1.9 miles by 1.9 miles) centered on the rover's location in the "Columbia Hills." The tinted portion of this image gives a stereo, three-dimensional view when observed through 3-D glasses with a red left eye and blue right eye. The tallest peak is "Husband Hill," which was climbed by Spirit during much of 2005. The region south (toward the bottom) of these images shows the area where the rover is currently headed. The large dark patch and other similar dark patches in these images are accumulations of windblown sand and granules. North is up, illumination is from the left. The location is near 14.8 degrees south latitude, 184.6 degrees west longitude. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS
As Far as Opportunity's Eye …
PIA05199
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title As Far as Opportunity's Eye Can See
Original Caption Released with Image "" Click on the image for As Far as Opportunity's Eye Can See (QTVR) This expansive view of the martian real estate surrounding the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity is the first 360 degree, high-resolution color image taken by the rover's panoramic camera. The airbag marks, or footprints, seen in the soil trace the route by which Opportunity rolled to its final resting spot inside a small crater at Meridiani Planum, Mars. The exposed rock outcropping is a future target for further examination. This image mosaic consists of 225 individual frames.
Farewell Glance at 'Enduranc …
PIA07112
Sol (our sun)
Hazard Avoidance Camera
Title Farewell Glance at 'Endurance'
Original Caption Released with Image NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity climbed out of "Endurance Crater" during the rover's 315th sol (Dec. 12, 2004), and used its front hazard-avoidance camera to look back across the crater from the rim. The rover spent just over six months inside the stadium-sized crater, examining in detail the tallest stack of bedrock layers ever seen up close on a foreign planet.
Roll-Off Dress Rehearsal at …
PIA05065
Title Roll-Off Dress Rehearsal at JPL
Original Caption Released with Image This image shows a test rover as it attempts a complete 115-degree turn on the lander in the JPL In-Situ Instruments Laboratory, or "testbed." This is where engineers tested the rover's three-point turn before completing the manuever with the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit at Gusev Crater on Mars. At this point, the test rover has turned 95 degrees, with 115 degrees being its goal position.
A Flyby Tour of Spirit's Des …
PIA05129
Sol (our sun)
Title A Flyby Tour of Spirit's Descent
Original Caption Released with Image Telemetry sent down to Earth from the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit has been reconstructed to create a reenactment of the rover's final 30 seconds before landing at Gusev Crater, Mars. This image is a still from that movie. Just seconds before the rover touched down and its airbags were inflated, a gust of wind threatened to significantly increase the rover's horizontal speed. But the firing of a lateral rocket, called the Tranverse Impulse Rocket System (blue), kept the rover on course, orienting the main retrorockets (white) to the their correct upright position. Subsequent igniting of these rockets reduced the rover's speed to near zero, 23 feet (7 meters) above the martian surface. The colored bars to the right indicate Spirit's north, east and downward velocities. The telemetry was acquired through the Mars Global Surveyor.
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