C is a high-level programming language.
C is a Structured & imperative (procedural) systems implementation programming language.
C is one of the most popular general-purpose programming languages developed between 1969 and 1973 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Laboratories.
The language has been available on a wide range of platforms, from embedded microcontrollers to supercomputers.

History Of C Language

The C language was first developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at AT&T Bell Labs.
Ritchie called his newly developed language as ” C “ simply because there was a “ B “ programming language already. (As a matter of fact, the B language led to the development of C.)
Most of its principles and ideas were taken from the earlier language B, BCPL (Basic Combined Programming Language) and CPL (Combined Programming Language).

In C programming language, there are some file extensions:

File Extension	                Description
.c	        This is source code file extension.C source code
                file containing various functions, statements etc
                created using any text editor or IDE.
.obj	        This is object file(intermediate file) extension, 
                compiler generates this file during the process of
                compilation.
.exe	        This is an executable file extension , after the
                successful compilation, compiler generates this file
                that can be run directly on the computer.
.lib	        This is library file extension for library routines
                which are used in printing & reading of keyboard etc.
                It combines with object(.obj) file & finally generate
                executable(.exe) file.

Advantages / Characteristics of C language

C Language is a CASE SENSITIVE language.
Reusablility:Programs written in C can be reused. You can save your C programs into a library file and invoke them in your next programming project simply by including the library file.
Readability:C Programs are easy to read.
Maintainability:C Programs are easy to maintain.
Portability: C Programs are portable across different computer platforms by just recompile them according to the relative operating systems.
Learnability : You don't have to remember many C keywords or commands before you start to write programming in C.
Major parts of popular operating systems like Windows, UNIX, Linux is still written in C.

Development of other languages based on C :

Many other high-level languages have been developed based on C.

Perl

If you understand C, learning Perl is a snap. Another example is the C++ language, which is simply an expanded version of C, although C++ makes object-oriented programming easier. Also, learning Java becomes much easier if you already know C.

Disadvantages of C languages

C is not Object Oriented Programming Languages(OOPL) that’s why C++ comes into existence to overcome the disadvantages of C languages.
There is no runtime checking in C language.

There are some concepts that are not present in C language:

Constructor
Destructor
Namespace and and other OOPS features ( Inheritence, Polymorphism, Encapsulation, Abstraction etc).
There is no strict type checking i.e , when we pass an integer to an floating point type variable.