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Tallow Candles Equal to Star

To two pounds of tallow add one tea cup full of good strongly from wood ashes, and simmer over a slow fire – when a greasy scum will float on top; skim this off for making soap (it is very near soap already,) as long as it continues to rise. Then mould your candles as usual, making the wicks a little smaller – and you have a pure, hard tallow candle, worth knowing how to make – and one that burns as long and gives a light equal to sperm. The chemistry demonstrates itself. An ounce or two of beeswax will make the candle some harder, and steeping the wicks in spirits of turpentine will make it burn some brighter.

Source: North Carolina Whig (Charlotte), NC October 21, 1862 as found in www.digitalnc.org.

Thursday October 16th 1862

Mr. Henry very feeble all day, has not sit up any. Hanes attends to Willie today. I finished Mr. Henry’s cotton socks today & began some for Zona. Striped red, black & white. Have knit but very little as Mr. Henry is not well & I can’t work well. Dr. Thrash came this morning, recommended blue pill.  He says ‘tis Mr. Henry’s liver that is not doing well.

Friday 17th [October 1862]

Mail brought no news. Mr. Henry some better, can sit up. Aunt Patsy Jamison spent the day here. Cousin Mary Moore was here a short time in the evening to see Mr. Henry. He sit up nearly all day today. I hope he will soon be well.  Sam & some of the others killed a beef this evening, a young one. It is very nice & fat. I have knit a little today. Aunt Patsy took some wool home with her this evening to spin stockings, yarn blue mixed.

Saturday 18th [October 1862]

Frost this morning in low places. It did not kill the pepper. I pulled up a good deal of it yesterday evening to let it dry on the stalk. We have saved a fine chance of ripe pepper this summer, more than usual. I have knit a little in the evening. Mr. Henry & I went down to see the hogs. They are in pens not far from the mill. We then went by the mill to the sawmill where Wiley Knight is making a molasses mill & then to the dam. Mr. Henry did not seem to be fatigued much. He is improving slowly, does not eat anything of consequence. This has been a bright warm day after the morning was off.

Source: Diary of Cornelia Henry in Fear in North Carolina: The Civil War Journal and Letters of the Henry Family. Clinard, Karen L. and Russell, Richard, eds. (Asheville, NC: Reminiscing Books, 2008).

Monday 13th [October 1862]

Court in Asheville this week. Mr. Henry went. He is not at all well. Joe Russell & Mr. Furgerson came home with him & stay all night. It was late when they came (dark). We had not had supper. Very cool this evening. I have been quilting a little today. Mr. Henry had a chill after he got home & a high fever. I fear he will be sick.

Tuesday 14th [October 1862]

Mr. Henry a good deal better but not able to attend court. He has laid down enarly all day. Sent after Dr. Thrash this evening, he was not at home. I have quilted some today, got along slowly. Rolled this evening for the third and last time.

Wednesday 15th [October 1862]

Mr. Henry went to the top of the hill this morning with J. Russell & Fergerson as they staid here last night again. It fatigued him a good deal. He waited up there to see Dr. Thrash till near 11 o’clock. I have quilted a little today.  Mr. Henry went to the mill this evening & took a chill. He was freezing for a while with the fever. It alarmed me a good deal. He was sitting before the fire & I had to call George to help him to bed. It soon wore off. A man came to stay all night about 8 o’clock. I was ready for bed but put on my clothes. He got his supper & went to bed. He is from Haywood.

Source: Diary of Cornelia Henry in Fear in North Carolina: The Civil War Journal and Letters of the Henry Family. Clinard, Karen L. and Russell, Richard, eds. (Asheville, NC: Reminiscing Books, 2008).

My dear Wife

We have at last moved for a change but not in the direction I had expected for we are nearer Shepherdstown – only six miles – but we only came down to tear up the [Baltimore & Ohio] railroad and not to fight. They have very few troops on this side of the river and those at Hapers Ferry. My dear, is it not precious news from Kentucky. ** Everything looks bright for us. The Democrats of the North are helping us by their speeches, etc. I cannot but have some hope of peace this winter. It would of all things be more to my taste than anything else.

Honey, I fully appreciate your feelings about housekeeping and am perfectly willing, but I shall be rather particular about the locality, and really I cannot see how you could get a house for all the desirable places in the middle and Western part of the state are filled and in the Eastern it would be unpleasant, owing to the proximity of the enemy. But look around and find some place and let me know. Col. Ruffin wants you to and housekeep with his wife. What do you say to that? I hope, Honey, that the most of the winter at least we shall be able to be near each other, and if peace is made by spring we can then be together, and when I say if peace, etc., I only say what is fully believed will come about by great many.

Your last letter makes me rather uneasy about your unaccountable growth. I hope it will not turn out to be anything wrong, but by the time this reaches you, you will be able I suppose to tell what is the matter. Are you entirely well of the trouble you wrote for a prescription for?  You spoke about Jake’s likeness, did you discover that he had his moustache dyed? He would not own for some time that they were, but when the dye wore off he had to admit it.

I am sorry Turner gives you so much trouble, but you tell him that when he gets under his respected papa he may look out for he will catch it. Your father will not deter me from whipping and that soundly. As to the boots, Darling, I sent to Richmond and by Maj. Scales hoping to get a pair from one or the other. I shall soon know if I fail, then you can try Forsythe. Honey I wish I could get all the things you want but it is impossible.

What do you think of Stuart’s last raid [around McClellan’s army]? It was nip and tuck with him. They [the Federals] knew before he crossed the river that he was going and had plenty of time to make all their arrangements to get him as he returned but he was too quick and sharp for them. Capt., now Gen. Pleasanton was after him but he just hours ahead of him so the Yankee papers state. They express great mortification at it. Beaut [Stuart] is after a Lieut. Generalcy. I did not write you that Gen. Hill proposed the other day to write and recommend my promotion and told me to use all my political influence. He said he should write anyhow. Col. Scales Reg. – old 3rd – is now in my brigade making me five Regts. I am going to try to get the 6th before I am done.

You were grieved at our hard living but for the past month we have lived splendidly… now my dear wife, I will close, not because I wish to do so, but for the want of time. Recollect when I do not write love it is not because I do not feel it for you know as well as I do that I love you as much as any husband ever did his wife. My love to all. Tell Mary I saw Ham a few days since and he was well. God bless you and the boys.

Your devoted husband.

You need not feel uneasy for we are ordered not to make a fight here but fall back if they attack us.

 

** Bragg at Perryville: http://www.battleofperryville.com/

 

Sources: William Hassler, ed., One of Lee’s Best Men: The Civil War Letters of General William Dorsey Pender (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1999). William Dorsey Pender papers, Southern Historical Collection, UNC-Chapel Hill. http://www.lib.unc.edu/mss/inv/p/Pender,William_Dorsey.html

 

Oct. 21 [1862]

George has come home to spend a few days, he is well and hearty, the Lord has blessed him. I must now record the goodness of God. We have just received a letter from Mr. Williamson, our son in law, he is on his way here with his negroes, he will go back after our daughter and bring her here in a few days. I pray that she may get here safe. I will praise the Lord with joyful lips.

 

** the Williamson family lived in Arkansas at the beginning of the war

 

Source: Mary Jeffreys Bethell Diary, 1853-1873.  #1737-z, Southern Historical Collection, The Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://docsouth.unc.edu/imls/bethell/menu.html

 

Franlin Va

October 12th 1862

My dearest Friend

I have neglected writing to you since I came to this place in fact we have had so much to do that I haven’t had but little time to write to any one since arrived here on the 8th inst. and since that time it has rained nearly all the time     have pitched our tents in three different encampments, been out on picket all night, and one day on a scout, as you can imagine there has been but little time to write to ones sweetheart; after taking these things into consideration I have no doubt you will freely forgive my silence.

On the day before we came here the Yankees shelled the town and woods for a half day from their gunboats and artillery beyond the river but with little injury to us, two or three wounded      it is said they lost a considerable number both on their gunboats and on land.

This place is on the Seaboard & Roanoke Rail Road 21 miles from Suffolk where the road crosses the Black Water river   it is entirely deserted by all the citizens.  The river here is narrow but very deep, enough so as to float any of the enemys vessels and not obstructions until they get right up to the town. There are two boats sunk there to prevent them from ascending any higher … now, a part of our Regt. is down on the river 5 miles below trying to blockade down there, don’t know whether they will make an efficient one on it or not.

We have had two “long rolls” since we came but not a Yankee have I seen yet. The first time we were ordered out there was a party of them yet in a mile of the town but a few shots from our artillery soon sent them skedaddle. Yesterday the cavalry went out on a scout they met up with a company of Pennsylvania cavalry, had a little brush put the enemy to flight and brought in tow Yanks both wounded and killed two horses, none hurt on our side. I forgot to say the enemy fled when our party was the pursuers for several miles, couldn’t overtake them.

We are not living so well here as we did at camp Davis. The only bread we get is cracklins which I don’t like as I got tired of them on board of ship and wouldn’t care if I never see another. Id rather have cornbread all the time. There is some talk of us being sent to Petersburg   wish we would although w e will have 60 miles to march rather do it than stay here.

It was quiet cold last night, I fear we will suffer this winter from cold as we cannot be provided for as we should be   haven’t got any overcoat and a good many of us are nearly barefooted and some entirely. I have only 1 pair of socks and am saving them til I get a pair of shoes. If you have a chance send me a pr of socks. As ever your devoted friend

L

In the margins:

We left two me at camp Davis, Pink Teem and Tom Shufler, the former very sick and the other to wait on him.

We haven’t any men here very sick, some having chills. I do hope I will escape them this fall. I understand there is a large force at Suffolk and the report was afoot the other day that Gen. Longstreet with his Division was coming here to attack Suffolk.

Gen. French was down here some time since with three brigades to attack Suffolk, but from some cause or other he did not make the attempt – Marched back to Petersburg

Our regiment is the only infantry that is here – one reg. of cavalry and one company of artillery. The 52nd was here but left for Petersburg a few days before we arrived. Direct to his place and quickly.

** Lewis went home on furlough in late October and returned to his unit in Franklin in mid November.

Sources: Mike and Carol Lawing, eds., My Dearest Friend: The Civil War Correspondence of Cornelia McGimsey and Lewis Warlick (Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2000). Original collections of the papers are in the Laura Cornelia McGimsey Papers and the George Phifer Erwin Papers in the Southern Historical Collection, UNC Chapel Hill.

October 20, 1862

My birthday!  Journal—I will not tell you how old I am!  Tho past the age when “man suspects himself a fool,” I have not yet arrived at that when he “knows it & resolves reform.”  So know me as a sedate lady, who has survived some of the follies, none of the enjoyments, of youth.  Many happy birthdays have I had, some of them happier or more quiet than this has been.  Patrick is so kind so tender in his sympathies, has so much the manners & feelings of a bridegroom & expresses it with such genuine interest and affection that I would be insensible indeed did I want anything else to make me happy.  I am happier than most of my fellow creatures & could I infuse a stronger element of Faith in my daily life, my hourly thoughts, I should be blest indeed.  “Increase our Faith!”

Yesterday (Sunday) we sent to Halifax for Capt Haxall, the gentleman recommended for the Lieut Colonelcy when Patrick was recommended for Col & who is now engaged drilling the NC Cavalry at the Camp of Instruction at Garysburg.  He came down & spent the day & night here, a pleasant, gentlemanly, young man whose heart & soul seems to be with the Cavalry.  He told us of the death of several of our young Richmond acquaintances, amongst others of Clarence Warwick, a fine lad whom we met a few years since with his sisters in the mountains of Va.  Poor fellow—a bright career cut short by these wicked enemies of ours!  “How long? O! Lord! how long?”

Brother came in & brought the rumour through Senator Davis—of Mr E’s and Capt H’s appointment, but it made no impression on either, for neither of them believe it.

This afternoon gathered our winter Apples—not much of a labour, however, for the wet weather has played sad havock amongst them.  They have rotted by the barrel full.  What we have left I hope will keep.  Father went to Raleigh leaving Mama with us.  Capt Haxall said so many polite things about the supplies we sent up to him last week that I was quite inflated.  “Woman’s hand,” “uncommon care,” etc., etc.  Mrs Edmondston, you will need “a taking down” soon.  Brother as usual most despondant.  Patrick will not admit our Victory in Kentucky, altho the papers go far to confirm it.  Well, time will show & that “right speedily,” I hope.  Busy knitting Father’s undershirts.  Handmaidens making comfortables for sister F.

Source: Edmondston, Catherine Ann Devereux, 1823-1875, Journal of a Secesh Lady: The Diary of Catherine Ann Devereux Edmondston 1860-1866. Crabtree, Beth G and Patton, James W., (Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Division of Archives and History, 1979). http://nc-historical-publications.stores.yahoo.net/478.html

tab� n:�,� p9          Mr Dunlop writes that Longstreet’s division is ordered South & is to be posted below Petersburg, between that point & Suffolk.  The enemy are strengthening themselves greatly there & everything points to an advance into the country.  Would that the Government would fortify Roanoke River below Hamilton; otherwise a successful dash may be made up the River to Weldon.  The R R bridge there once destroyed, Richmond would be in great danger.  Our fertile valley, too, has fed the Army there all the summer & if they resign it with the growing crops to the enemy they will, when too late, feel what a blow has been struck them.  I say this, I think, without reference to our private losses which will be great in such an event.

 

Source: Edmondston, Catherine Ann Devereux, 1823-1875, Journal of a Secesh Lady: The Diary of Catherine Ann Devereux Edmondston 1860-1866. Crabtree, Beth G and Patton, James W., (Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Division of Archives and History, 1979). http://nc-historical-publications.stores.yahoo.net/478.html

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